Term
The cause of anemia include:
a.blood loss
b.impaired red cell production
c.accelerated red cell destruction
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The clinical signs & symptoms of anemia can result from
a.diminished delivery of oxygen to the tissues:
b.lowered hgb concentration
c.increased blood vol.
d.both A&B |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a significant laboratory finding in anemia?
a.decreased hgb
b.increased packed cell vol.
c.increased erythrocyte count
d.normal erythrocyte indices |
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Definition
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Term
If you are grading changes in erythrocytic size or shape using a scale of 0 to 4+ and many erythrocytes deviate from normal per microscopic field, the typical score would be:
a.1+
b.2+
c.3+
d.4+ |
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Definition
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Term
Anemias can be categorized into:
a.hemolytic types
b.blood loss types
c.impaired production types
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Match each w/ one of the following:
a.acute blood loss
b.chronic blood loss
1.disorders of the GI system or heavy menstruation
2.increased thrombocytes(plts)
3.traumatic conditions
4.does not disrupt the blood vol.
5.results in an iron deficiency and a hypchromic/microcytic erythrocyte morphology on a peripheral blood smear |
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Definition
1. b, chronic blood loss
2. a, acute blood loss
3. a, acute blood loss
4. b, chronic blood loss
5. b, chronic blood loss |
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Term
The erythrocyte morphology ass. w/ anemia in an otherwise healthy individual caused by acute blood loss is usu.:
a.microcytic
b.megaloblastic
c.normochromic
d.hypochromic |
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Definition
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Term
Anemia caused by chronic blood loss is characterized by:
a.hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes
b.decreased packed cell vol.
c.increased plts
d.both a&b |
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Definition
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Term
Aquired aplastic anemia may be caused by:
a.benzene or benzene derivatives
b.ionizing radiation and vitamin B12
c.purine or pyrimidine analogues
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The sudden appearance of aplastic anemia or pure red cell aplasia is often caused by:
a.a hemolytic process
b.an immune process
c.acute leukemias
d.chronic leukemias |
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Definition
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Term
Aplastic anemia can occur years before a diagnosis of ____is made?
a.paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
b.myelodysplasia
c.acute myelogenous leukemia
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
if a pt w/ aplastic anemia is referred to as exhibiting pancytopenia, which cell lines are affected?
a.erythrocytes
b.leukocytes
c.thrombocytes
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following:
____Fanconi anemia
____Familial aplastic anemia
____Pure red cell anemia
____Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
a.a subset of Fanconi anemia
b.a rare congenital form of red cell aplasia
c.is characterized by selective failure of red blood cell production
d.the best-described congenital form of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
__D__Fanconi anemia
__A__Familial aplastic anemia
__C__Pure red cell anemia
__B__Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
__ |
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Term
Hematopoietic cell targets in aplastic anemia are affected by:
a.activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes
b.activation of the Fas receptor
C.direct cell-cell interactions b/w lymphocytes and target cells
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Fanconi anemia is associated w/ abnormal genes located on chromosomes:
a.9,20
b.5,22
c.9,12
d.8,23 |
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Definition
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Term
The etiology of IDA is:
a.nutritional deficiency
b.faulty iron abosorption
c.excessive loss of iron
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Iron deficiency is still common in:
a.toddlers
b.adolescent girls
c.women of childbearing ge
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Match:
1___Decreased iron intake
2___faulty iron absorption
3___pathological iron loss
4___physiological iron loss
5___increased iron utilization
a.sprue
b.colon cancer
c.adolescent growth spurt
d.menstration
e.meat-poor diet |
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Definition
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Term
The average adult has ____g of iron:
a.0.2 to 1.4
b.1.5 to 3.4
c.3.5 to 5.0
d.5.1 to 10.0 |
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Definition
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Term
Most functional iron in humans is found in:
a.the bone marrow
b.the liver
c.hemoglobin molecules of erythrocytes (RBCs)
d.the free hemoglobin in the circulation |
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Definition
| c. hemoglobin molecules of erythrocytes |
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Term
Approximately (1)____% of iron from food is in the form of (2)___ iron.
1-
a.25
b.50
c.70
d.90
2-
a.nonheme
b.heme |
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Definition
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Term
Most ingested iron is readily absorbed into the body in the:
a.stomach and duodenum
b.duodenum and upper jejunum
c.ileum and duodenum
d.upper jejunum and ileum |
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Definition
| b. duodenum and upper jejunum |
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Term
Transferrin represents a:
a.storage form of iron
b.beta globulin that moves iron
c.glycoprotien that moves iron
d.both b &c |
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Definition
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Term
In IDA, the erythrocytic indices are typically:
a.MCV increased, MCH decreased, MCHC decreased
b.MCV decreased, MCH decreased, MCHC decreased
c.MCV decreased, MCH increased, MCHC decreased
d.MCV decreased, MCH decreased, MCHC normal |
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Definition
| b. MCV decreased, MCH decreased, MCHC decreased |
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Term
The peripheral blood smear demonstrates ___ red blood cells in IDA.
a.microcytic, hypochromic
b.macrocytic, hypochromic
c.macrocytic and spherocytic
d. either a or b |
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Definition
| a. microcytic, hypochromic |
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Term
In IDA, the
a.serum iron is severly decreased and the TIBC is increased
b.serum iron is decreased and the TIBC is normal
c.serum iron is normal and the TIBC is normal
d.serum iron is increased and the TIBC is normal |
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Definition
| a. serum iron is severely decreased and the TIBC is increased |
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Term
Anemias of inflammation/chronic diseases can be caused by
a.inflammation
b.infection
c.malignancy
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
AOI can result from:
a. inappropriately decreased erythropoietin
b.suppression of erythropoiesis by cytokines from activated macrophages and lymphocytes
c.impaired iron metabolism
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The typical peripheral blood film of a pt. w/ AOI typically reveals___erythrocytes.
a.microcytic,hypochromic
b.macrocytic,hypochromic
c.normocytic,normochromic
d.many spherocytes |
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Definition
| c. normocytic, normochromic |
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Term
Leukoerythroblastosis can appear as ___ on a peripheral blood smear.
a.immature leukocytes
b.immature erythrocytes
c.immature thrombocytes
d.both a&B |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most appropriate treatment for AOI?
a.red blood cell transfusion
b.iron therapy
c.erythropoietin injections
d.treatment of the inflammatory condition |
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Definition
| d. treatment of the inflammatory condition |
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Term
Sideroblastic anemia can be caused by:
a.congenital (chromosomal) defect
b.drugs
c.ass.w/ malignant disorders
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
A common feature of sideroblastic anemia is:
a.ringed sideroblasts
b.decreased serum iron
c.decreased serum ferritin
d.macrocytic red blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
The greatest portion of operational body iron is normally contained in what compound?
a.Hgb
b.Ferritin
c.Cytochromes
D.Myoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
Storage iron in the human body is:
a.found in hepatocytes
b.found in macrophages
c.sequestered as ferritin
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The most sensitive assayf or the diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is:
a. serum iron
b.serum iron-binding capacity
c.transferrin
d.transferrin saturation |
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Definition
| d. transferrin saturation |
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Term
Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by:
a.tapeworm infections
b.gastric resection
c.nutritional deficiency
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Megaloblastic anemia related to folic acid deficiency is ass. w/:
a.abnormal absorption
b.increased utilization
c.nutritional deficiency
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The underlying type A gastritis that causes pernicious anemia is immunologically related to:
a.autoantibody to IF
b.low serum gastrin
c.autoantibody to parietal cell
d.both A & C |
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Definition
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Term
Cobalamin transport is mediated by:
a.IF
b.TC II
c.R proteins
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
In megaloblastic anemia, the typical erythrocytic indices are:
a.MCV increased, MCH increased, MCHC normal
b.MCV increased, MCH variable, MCHC normal
c.MCV increased, MCH decreased, MCHC normal
d.MCV normal, MCH increased, MCHC normal |
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Definition
| a. MCV increased, MCH increased, MCHC normal |
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Term
The peripheral erythrocyte morphology in folate deficiency is similar to pernicious anemia, and the RBCs are:
a.small
b.normal size
c.large |
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Definition
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Term
In a case of classic pernicious anemia, the pt. has:
a.leukopenia
b.hypersegmented neutrophils
c.anemia
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The reticulocyte count in a pt. w/ untreated pernicious anemia is characteristically:
a.0%
b.0.3%
c.<1.0%
d.approximatley 1.8% |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following clinical chemistry assays w/ their expected value in pernicious anemia
1___serum haptoglobin-binding capacity
2___serum B12
3___folate
4___serum iron
5___percent transferrin
6___serum LDH
7___unconjugated bilirubin
a.decreased
b.normal
c.increased
d.significantly increased |
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Definition
| 1.a,2.a,3.b,4.c,5.c,6.d,7.d |
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Term
Hemolytic disruption of the erythrocyte involves:
a.an alteration in the erythrocyte membrane
b.a defect of the hemoglobin molecule
c.an antibody coating the erythrocyte
d.physical trauma |
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Definition
| a. an alteration in the erythrocyte membrane |
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Term
Match:
1__Intravascular hemolysis
2__Extravascular hemolysis
a.destruction of RBCs outside the circulatory blood
b.destruction of RBCs within the circulatory blood |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following tests is not useful in determining increased erythrocyte destruction?
a.reticulocyte count
b.total leukocyte count
c.serum haptoglobin
d.unconjugated bilirubin |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following disorders w/ appropriate defect
1___G6PD deficiency
2___Hereditary spherocytosis
3___Thalassemia
4___Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency
a.structural membrane defect
b.erythrocytic enzyme defect
c.defect of the hgb molecule |
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Definition
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Term
Match:
1__hereditary spherocytosis
2__hereditary elliptocytosis
3__hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP)
4__hereditary stomatocytosis
5__hereditary xerocytosis
a.an overabundance of oval-shaped red cells
b.a permeability disorder
c.the most common prevalent hereditary hemolytic anemia among people of Northern European descent
d.can be seen in the genetic hemoglobin defect, thalassemia |
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Definition
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Term
Heinz bodies are ass. w/the congenital hemolytic anemia:
a.G6PD deficiency
b.abetalipoproteinemia
c.hereditary spherocytosis
d.hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
A hemolytic crisis may be precipitated in 10% of American black males suffering from G6PD deficiency by:
a.fava beans
b.primaquine
c.quinine
d.quinidine |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency ass. w/ the aerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?
a.G6PD
b.PK
c.Methemoglobin reductase deficiency
d.Hexokinase deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency ass. w/ the anaerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?
a.G6PD
b.PK
c.Methemoglobin reductase deficiency
d.Hexokinase deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
What laboratory assay would specifically indicate a deficiency of G6PD enzyme?
a. Heinz bodies on peripheral blood smears
b.reticulocyte count
c.hemoglobin and hematocrit
d.osmotic fragility test |
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Definition
| a. Heinz bodies on peripheral blood smears |
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Term
What enzyme deficiency causes methemoglobinemia?
a.g6ph
b.pk
c.NADH-methemoglbin reductase
d.hexokinase deficiency |
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Definition
| c. NADH-methemoglobin reductase |
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Term
Acquired hemolytic anemia can be caused by:
a.chemicals or drugs
b.infectious organisms
c.antibody reactions
d.all of the above |
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Definition
|
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Term
The infectious microorganism directly ass. w/ hemolytic uremic syndrome is:
a.pasteurella tularensis
b.e.coli o157-h7
c.staphylococcus aureus
d.clostridia botulinum |
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Definition
|
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Term
match the following immune-mediated acquired hemolytic anemias:
1__warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
2__cold-type AIHA
3__Isoimmune hemolytic anemia
a.IgM, usu. anti-I
b.Rh antibodies are the most frequent cause
c.usu. occurs in newborn infants |
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Definition
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Term
The erythrocyte alteration characteristically ass. w/ hemolytic anemias is:
a.hypochromia
b.macrocytosis
c.spherocytosis
d.burr cells |
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Definition
|
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Term
What laboratory procedures would reflect a typical hemolytic anemia?
a.increased osmotic fragility
b.increased total serum bilirubin
c.increased reticulocyte count, unless hematopoiesis is suppressed
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not ass. w/ hemolytic anemia?
a.decrease hgb and packed cell vol.
b.increased reticulocyte count
c.increased serum haptoglobins
d.decreased erythrocyte survival |
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Definition
| c. increased serum haptoglobins |
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Term
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria exhibits sensitivity of one population of red blood cells to:
a.warm antibodies
b.cold antibodies
c.complement
d.either A or B |
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Definition
|
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Term
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuriaepisodes are usu. ass. w/:
a.cold temp.
b.hot temp.
c.sleep
d.certain foods or drugs |
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Definition
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Term
The defect in PNH probably is a(an) ___ ass. defect of the red cell membrane.
a.structural protein
b.hemoglobin
c.antibody
d.enzyme |
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Definition
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Term
The common denominator in the hemoglobinopathies is that all are:
a.structural defects in the erythrocyte membrane
b.metabolic defects in the erythrocyte membrane
c.inherited or genetic defects related to hemoglobin
d.acquired defects related to hemoglobin |
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Definition
| c. inherited or genetic defects related to Hgb |
|
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Term
Hemoglobinopathies can be classified as:
a.abnormal hgb globulin structure
b.adefect of hgb globin synthesis
c.a combination of defects of both strucute and synthesis
d. all of the above |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Normal adult Hgb contains the following components: Hb A(95-98%), Hb A2 (2-3%), Hb A1 (3-6%), and Hb F (<1%)
a.true
b.false |
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Definition
|
|
Term
In the hemoglobinopathies, a trait is described as:
a.heterozygous and asymptomatic
b.heterozygous and symptomatic
c.homozygous and asymptomatic
d.homozygous and symptomatic |
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Definition
| a. heterozygous and asymptomatic |
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Term
In sickle cell anemia the cause is:
a.a change of a single nucleotide (GAT to GATT)
b.the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position on the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule
c.not genetic
d. both a and b |
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Definition
|
|
Term
In sickle cell disease the abnormality is related to:
a.the rate of synthesis of hemoglobin
b.an abnormal molecular structure of hemoglobin
c.an acquired defect
d. a membrane dysfunction |
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Definition
| b. an abnormal molecular structure of hgb |
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Term
One of the two most common monogenetic diseases of man is:
a.sickle cell trait
b.sickle cell anemia
c.a-thalassemia
d.Hb SC disease |
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Definition
|
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Term
If a pt. w/ sickle cell anemia is in an acute crisis state, peripheral blood smears may exhibit:
a.leptocytes
b.drepanocytes
c.ovalocytes
d.stomatocytes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What est. % of black Americans are heterozygous for Hb S?
a.4%
b.8%
c.12%
d.more than 25% |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What factors contribute to the sickling of erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia crisis?
a.increase in blood pH and increase in oxygen
b.extremely hot weather
c.extremely reduced oxygen and increased acidity in the blood
d.sickling is spontaneous |
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Definition
| c. extremely reduced oxygen and increased acidity in the blood |
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Term
The most common complaint ass. w/ sickle cell anemia?
a.acute pain
b.organ or tissue failure
c.stroke
d.all of the above |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Thalassemias are characterized by:
a.abnormal amino acid sequence of the hgb molecule
b.defective iron synthesis
c.absence or decrease in synthesis of one or more globlin subunits
d.skeletal membrane defects |
|
Definition
| c. absence or decrease in synthesis of one or more globin subunits |
|
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Term
Homozygous B-thalassemia pts. have:
a.no manifestations of anemia
b.only mild anemia
c.moderate anemia
d.severe transfusion-dependent anemia |
|
Definition
| d. severe transfusion-dependent anemia |
|
|
Term
In a-thalassemia, w/ 3 inactive a genes, which of the following is characteristic?
a.Hb A2
b.Hb A
c.Hb H
d.Hb F and A2 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What is the primary risk to thalassemia major patients who receive frequent and multiple blood transfusions?
a.iron overload
b.citrate toxicity
c.polycythemia
d.hyperviscosity |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The characteristic hgb concentration in a pt's silent state w/ heterozygous B-thalassemia is
a.Hb A level normal
b.Hb A2 increased
c.Hb A2 level decreased
d.Hb F level increased |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Deoxyhemoglobin C has:
a.decreased solubility
b.increased solubility
c.the ability to form intracellular crystals
d.both a and c |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The incidence of Hb E hemoglobinopathy is highest in:
a.southeast asia
b.china
c.vietnam
d.native americans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most unstable hgbs:
a.are inherited autosomal dominant disorders
b.result from amino acid substitutions or deletion
c.are hemoglobin variants
d.all of the above |
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Definition
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