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| Consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of a cell. |
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| Is sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because their primary purpose is to manufacture adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a source of energy. |
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| The double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. |
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| The outermost layer of cells in plants, bacteria, fungi, and many algae that gives shape to the cell and protects it from infection. In plants, the cell wall is made up mostly of cellulose, determines tissue texture, and often is crucial to cell function. |
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| The organelle that carries out photosynthesis and starch grain formation. A chlorophyll-containing organelle in plants that is the site of photosynthesis. |
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| The green pigment found in the chloroplasts of higher plants and in cells of photosynthetic microorganisms (e.g. photosynthetic bacteria), which is primarily involved in absorbing light energy for photosynthesis. |
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| A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. |
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| Thin layer of protein and fat surrounding cells that keeps the cells together and controls substances passing between the cytoplasm and the intercellular space. |
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| A small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste. |
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