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| The _ theory explains how particles of matter behave. |
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| All matter is composed of small _. |
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| Particles are in constant, random _. |
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| Particles _ with each other and the walls of their containers. |
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| _ related to the average kinetic energy of an object's atoms or molecules. |
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| The SI unit for temperature is _. |
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| Two other temperature scales are Celcius and _. |
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| The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the atoms in an object. |
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| Thermal energy _ as temperature increases. |
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| At constant temperature, thermal energy increases if _ increases. |
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| Thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature is called _. |
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| Amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1˚C. |
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| Thermal energy can be calculated as change in thermal energy equals _ times change in temperature times specific heat. |
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| When thermal energy flows into an object and it's temperature rises, the change in temperature is _. |
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| When thermal energy flows out of an object and it's temperature decreases, the change in temperature is _. |
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| A _ is used to measure specific heat. |
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| solid, liquid, gas, and plasma are the _. |
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| particles are closely packed together and vibrate in place in the _ state. |
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| A solid begins to melt at the melting point as the particles gain enough energy to overcome their ordered arrangement in the _ state. |
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| Energy required to change 1 kg of a solid to a liquid at the melting point is the heat of _. |
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| Particles in a liquid form have more space between them, allowing them to flow and take the shape of their container. |
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| Particles in a liquid have enough energy to escape the attractive forces of the other particles in a liquid in the _ state. |
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| The energy required for 1 kg of a liquid to change to a gas at the boiling point is the _ of vaporization. |
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| At the _, the pressure of a liquid's vapor is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere, and the liquid becomes a gas. |
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| Gas particles spread evenly throughout their container in the process of _. |
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| The state of matter consisting of high-temperature gas containing charged particles is known as _. |
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| Increase in the size of a substance when the temperature increases is known as _ expansion. |
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| The size of a substance will then _ when the temperature decreases. |
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| _ is an exception because it expands as it becomes a solid. |
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| The transfer of thermal energy through matter by the direct contact of particles is known as _. |
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| Kinetic energy is transferred as particles _. |
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| _ particularly metals are good heat conductors. |
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| The transfer of energy by the motion of particles in a fluid is called _. |
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| Convection _transfer thermal energy from warmer to cooler parts of a fluid. |
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| Convection currents create _ and _ over different regions of Earth. |
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| _is an energy transfer by electromagnetic waves. |
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| Some radiation is _ and some is _ when it strikes a material. |
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| Check C:2 on last page for the final questions. |
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