Term
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Definition
| pressure exerted by blood against vessel walls, highest in aorta and decreases farther from heart (zero in right atrium) |
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Term
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Definition
measure of pressure in arteries as ventricles contract
PEAK PRESSURE |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of pressure in arteries as ventricles relax and arteries recoil |
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Term
Blood pressure is measured in _____.
______ is used to take blood pressure. Where?
Blood pressure is recorded as: |
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Definition
mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
sphygmomanometer
over brachial artery
systolic pressure OVER diastolic pressure |
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Term
| Normal resting blood pressure is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood pressure higher that 120/80 is ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| alternate expanding (during systole) and recoiling (during diastole) of arterial wall |
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Term
| Blood enters atrial chambers at ________and leaves ventricles at _____________. |
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Definition
low pressure
higher pressure |
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Term
| The function of ______ is to provide energy to force blood through the circulatory system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiac contractions are NOT dependent upon ________. However, innervation by the ________ and ________ nerves does modify basic cardiac rhythm. (part of which system?) |
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Definition
nerve supply
parasympathetic(vagus) and sympathetic
BOTH of these are part of CNS!!!! |
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Term
| The CNS (through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves) can affect heart RHYTHM. For example, when the respiratory activity affects heart rate it is called _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
SA node
what is produced here? |
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Definition
sinoatrial node
-group of specialized MUSCLE CELLS that acts as PACEMAKER for heart
rhythmically produce ACTION POTENTIALS that spread through muscle fibers of atria |
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Term
Where do action potentials of SA node travel to?
What effect does this have? |
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Definition
travel through muscle fibers of atria
effect: pushes blood into ventricles |
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Term
What is significant about AV node?
What does it allow? |
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Definition
only electrical connection between atria and ventricles
...this allows atrial contraction to contribute to ventricular filling |
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Term
| 5 steps in pathway of electrical conduction of heart? |
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Definition
1) Sinoatrial (SA) node
2) Atrioventricular (AV) node
3) Atrioventricular (AV) bundle -Bundle of HIS
4)Right and left bundle branches
5) Purkinje fibers (from apex upward to ventricular myocardium) |
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Term
| AV bundle is also known as ________. It is the ____ step in electrical conduction system |
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Definition
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Term
| The function of the Purkinje fibers is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
__________ produce electrical currents that spread through the body fluids.
These currents are LARGE. Therefore, what are these currents used for? |
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Definition
myocardial cells
currents are used by recording ELECTRODES placed on the skin |
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Term
| ________ allows for ventricular filling. |
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Definition
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Term
| When taking one's blood pressure, during systolic _____________ and then during diastolic ____________. |
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Definition
can hear
Can NO longer hear |
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Term
TRUE or FALSE?
action potentials generated from atrial and ventricular fibers are different from those recorded from nerves and skeletal muscles |
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Definition
TRUE
-cardiac action potential is composed of 3 phases:
1) rapid depolarization
2) plateau depolarization (very obvious in ventricular fibers)
3) repolarization -back to resting potential |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization masked |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
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Term
| Ventricles forcefully contract during during systole. WHY? |
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Definition
| so they can push blood through semilunar valves into arterial system |
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Term
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Definition
| PEAK pressure raeched during cardiac cycle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
dicrotic notch
what is it caused by? |
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Definition
a small plateau or dip in the pressure wave,
caused by closure of aortic valve |
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Term
| ___________ are connections between the vessels in the hand that come off of the radial and ulnar arteries. |
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Definition
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Term
What device is placed on the finger?
This device provides us with ____________________. |
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Definition
finger pulse transducter
...an indication of net rate of blood flow in to the finger pulp
-provides an indication of change into the finger pulp over time |
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Term
| __________ is on the same side of the hand as the ulnar artery. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ is on the same side of the hand as the radial artery. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does cold effect the pulse? |
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Definition
| SLOWs heart rate, makes pulse less |
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Term
| What is one thing that can affect heart rhythym? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one important thing to remember when talking about systole and diastole? |
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Definition
| they both refer to "measure of pressure in the arteries" |
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Term
| P wave is ________. During this time, ___mL move from passive flow/gravity, and ____mL flow by systole. The total is equivalent to 130 mL and is known as __________. |
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Definition
atrial systole
105 mL
25 mL
end diastolic volume |
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Term
| QRS wave corresponds to which part of electrical conduction system? |
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Definition
| AV node--> atrioventricular bundle-->Purkinje fibers |
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Term
| During the QRS wave, ___________ pressure occurs when __________. |
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Definition
ventricular systole
ventricles contract |
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Term
| first heart sound occurs in which wave? |
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Definition
QRS
after: ventricles contract
when: blood catches tricuspid and bicuspid valves and shuts them |
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Term
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Definition
| a volume of 70 mL is ejected from each ventricle-when blood pushes semilunar valves opened |
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Term
End diastolic volume
amount?
definition? |
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Definition
60 mL blood
"S" is for systolic and sixty
blood remaining in each ventricle after semilunar valves eject |
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Term
| Which occurs first when it comes to end systolic and end diastolic volume? |
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Definition
| end diastolic volume comes first (D before S) |
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Term
| End diastolic volume is = |
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Definition
| 130 mL total that travels into ventricles |
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Term
| P wave corresponds to what on electrical conduction system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
time elapsing between end of P wave and beginning of QRS complex
012-.20 sec |
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Term
isovolumentric relaxation
during what wave? |
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Definition
all four valves are closed simultaneously AFTER second heart sound and dicrotic wave
T wave |
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Term
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Definition
blood in aorta and pulmonary trunk flows back, fill semilunar valves and shuts them
T wave |
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Term
| Neither of the heart sounds occur in ___ wave. |
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Definition
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Term
| Heart muscles generate __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is how blood enters the ventricles. Where exactly is this located? |
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Definition
AV node
interatrial septum |
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Term
| Where are pukinje fibers located? |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricular systole is = what wave? |
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Definition
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Term
| An ECG is NOT _________, but instead a ________. |
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Definition
a single action potential
collection of many action potenials |
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