Term
| 1. Heart muscles, in particular the right atrial muscle, contains granules containing _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. What is the function of the hormone ANP? |
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Definition
| IT LOWERS BP BY DECREASING REABSORPITON OF SODIUM AND WATER FROM THE RENAL TUBULES |
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Term
| 3. The conducting system of the heart is made up of _____ that produce impulses. |
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Definition
| SPECIALIZED CARDIAC MUSCLES (MYOCARDIUM) |
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Term
| 4. 5 components of the conducting system of the heart. |
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Definition
| 1) SA NODE, 2) AV NODE, 3) BUNDLE OF HIS, 4) RIGHT AND LEFT BUNDLE BRANCHES, 5) PURKINJE FIBERS |
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Term
| 5. The _____ is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| 6. The blood supply to the conducting system of the heart is through the _____ and _____ arteries. |
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Definition
| RIGHT AND LEFT CORONARY ARTERIES |
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Term
| 7. A _____ is required when the SA node becomes defective. |
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Definition
| ARTIFICIAL CARDIAC PACEMAKER |
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Term
| 8. The electrode of a pacemaker is passed through a vein to the _____, then to the _____, then to the _____. |
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Definition
| SVC, RIGHT ATRIUM, TRABECULAE CARNAE OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE |
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Term
| 9. _____ are variations of the normal rhythm of the heart beat that result from defect or damage to the conducting system of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. _____ is an acute condition resulting from sudden occlusion of coronary circulation due to release of atheromatous debris. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. If an MI occurs, there is _____ of the myocardium, and _____ due to lack of blood supply to the conducting system of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. These are the 3 most common sites of coronary occlusion in an MI. |
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Definition
| 1) LAD, 2) RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY, 3) CIRCUMFLEX BRANCH OF LEFT CORONARY ARTERY |
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Term
| 13. The _____ artery is most commonly affected by a MI. |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. In slow occlusion of the coronary arteries, such as in atherosclerosis, there is establishment of _____ from the right and left coronary arteries. Due to this, in the event of a MI more than one artery may be involved. |
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Definition
| COLLATERAL ANASTOMOTIC CHANNELS |
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Term
| 15. Myocardial infarctions are most commonly caused by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. _____ of a MI is caused by visceral nocioceptive afferent fibers that terminate on the same secondary neurons in the dorsal horn as somatic nocioceptive sensory fibers. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. The sensory input of referred pain then passes through the _____ to the _____ to the _____ where the brain interprets some of the sensory inputs from the damaged heart as originating from the body, not from the viscera. |
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Definition
| SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT, VPL THALAMUS, SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX |
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Term
| 18. Somatic pain radiating down the _____ might signal a heart attack. |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. _____ is right sided heart failure caused by high blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation and in the right ventricle. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. 3 causes of cor pulmonale. |
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Definition
| 1) EMPHYSEMA, 2) CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, 3) CYSTIC FIBROSIS |
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Term
| 21. _____ connects the left branch of the pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta in the fetus. |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. After birth the ductus arteriosus becomes the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. _____ is a condition diagnosed after birth when the ductus arteriosus does not close. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. Patent ductus arteriosus is diagnosed by a continuous _____ causing a left to right shunt, as well as _____ in the lower extremities. |
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Definition
| MACHINE LIKE MURMUR, CYANOSIS |
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Term
| 25. Patent ductus arteriosus is a common congenital anomaly associated with _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| MATERNAL RUBELLA; HIGH MOUNTAIN LIVING |
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Term
| 26. 4 features associated with fallots tetralogy. |
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Definition
| 1) RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, 2) VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS, 3) COARTICATION OF THE AORTA, 4) PULOMARY STENOSIS |
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Term
| 27. _____ is a congenital anomaly due to incomplete closure of the foramen ovale, resulting in a hole in the interatrial septum. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. In patients with atrial septal defect, a _____ is present in 15-20% of adults, but bears no clinical importance. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. In large atrial septal defects, the oxygenated blood from the _____ enters the _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| LEFT ATRIUM; RIGHT ATRIUM AND RIGHT VENTRICLE |
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Term
| 30. These 3 heart structures become dilated in atrial septal defect. |
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Definition
| 1) PULMONARY TRUNK, 2) RIGHT ATRIUM, 3) RIGHT VENTRICLE |
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Term
| 31. Atrial septal defect is caused by defective development of the _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| SEPTUM SECUNDUM AND ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION |
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Term
| 32. If one has ASD, during _____ the catheter may slip from the right atrium to the left atrium through a _____. |
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Definition
| CARDIAC CATHERIZATION; PATENT FROAMEN OVALE |
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Term
| 33. _____ is narrowing of the aorta distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery, close to the ductus arteriosus. |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. In coarctation of the aorta there is _____ in the upper extremity with high volume pulse and _____ in the lower extremity with feeble pulse. |
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Definition
| HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION |
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Term
| 35. There may be associated _____ and _____ with coarctation of the aorta. |
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Definition
| LEG CRAMPS AND NOSEBLEEDS |
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Term
| 36. Mild coarctation of the aorta is compatible with life. X-rays reveal a figure of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 37. If there is coarctation of the aorta, _____ is established to compensate the blood flow to the legs. |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. _____ is recommended for patients with coarctation of the aorta, depending on the interruption of blood flow. |
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Definition
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