Term
What is the average HR at rest?
What does systole/diastole mean? |
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Definition
65-75 bpm
systole- ventricular contraction
diastole- ventricular relaxation and expansion due to filling with blood |
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Term
What are/where are the heart valves?
Atrioventricular-
Aortic and Pulmonary- |
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Definition
one way valves between atrai/venticles and between ventricles and aorta/pulmonary trunk
AV- between atria and ventricles
RAV=tricupsid
LAV=mitral
Aortic and Pulmonary valves-at junction of ventricles and great arteries- semilunar, crescent shaped leaflets |
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Term
| Each valve is compsed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is chordae tendinae? |
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Definition
| CT strands that connect AV valves to small muscles extending from ventricle walls called papillary muscles, which contract and pull chordae tendineae taught preventing eversion of AV valves into atria during contraction of ventricles |
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Term
Heart Sounds:
Lub-dup:
first lub:
2nd dup:
Valve sounds: |
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Definition
Lub-dup: sounds when valves close-turbelance
first lub: AV valves closing
2nd dup: semilunar valves closing
Valve sounds:best heard near a different corner of the heart
1. pulmonary valve- superior left
2. aortic valve- superior right
3. Mitral- at apex
4. Tricupsid- inferior right |
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Term
Explain the conducting system of the heart
Specialized cardiac muscle cells have:
aka
signal-
locations- |
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Definition
have intrinsic ability to generate action potentials
aka pacemaker cells
signal other muscle cells to contract rhythmically
located:
1. Sinoatrial (SA) node- upper right atrium, set inherent rate of contraction
2. Atrioventricular (AV) node- between atria and ventricles |
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Term
| Pathways of the Conducting system |
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Definition
1.interatrial pathway- between atrai (left/right)
2.internodal pathway- between SA and AV nodes
3.Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) between upper ventricles
4.Bundle branches (R&L) into each ventricle
5.Purkinje fibers- through each ventricle wall (large barrel shaped cells in rows, rapid conduction but do not contract bc few myofilaments ) |
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Term
Innervation:
Heart rate is altered by:
Nerves to and from the heart include: |
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Definition
altered by external controls
nerves to/from heart:
1. visceral sensory fibers
2. parasympathetic branches of the vagus nerve (SA and AV nodes)
3. Symphathetic fibers- from cervical and upper thoracic chain ganglia (nodes+conducting+myocardium) |
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Term
| What are the blood supply to the heart include? |
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Definition
functional blood supply
coronary arteries
-arise from the aorta
-main branches L&R coronary arteries
Coronary veins |
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Term
| When are major vessle in place in fetal development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the differences between fetal and postbatal circulation? |
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Definition
Fetal circulation:
1. fetus must supply blood to the placenta
-organ for exchange of O2/CO2 nutrients with maternal blood
2. Most blood bipasses liver
3. Very little blood is sent through the pulmonary circuit
-fetus does not breath, lungs are not in use |
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Term
| What are the vessels to and from placenta? |
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Definition
1. umbilical vessels run in umbilical cord
2. ductus venosus: most blood bypasses liver and enters inferior vena cava
3. shunts away from the pulmonary circuit |
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Term
| What are the umbilical arteries/veins? |
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Definition
Paired umbilical arteries: oxygen poor blood to placenta, branch from internal iliac arteries of fetus
Unpaierd umbilical veins: oxygen rich blood from placenta- some blood to liver, but most thru ductus venosus |
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Term
| What are the shunts away from the pulmonary circuit? |
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Definition
1. foramen ovale- hole in interatrial septum, when RA contracts, slightly less than 5-% of blood goes thru foramen ovale to LA instead of RV, so that the blood bipasses lungs
2. ductus arteriosus- arterial shunt from pulmonary trunk to aorta, blood not going through foramen ovale still bypasses lungs |
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Term
| What adult structures rise from umbilical vessels? |
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Definition
1. ligamentum teres- remnant of umbilical vein
2. ligamentum venosum- remnant of ductus venosus
3. Medial umbilical ligaments- remnant of umbilical arteries |
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