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| a health enhancing behavior or habit; also called behavioral immunogen |
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| non-stage theory that identifies three beliefs that influence decision making regarding health behavior: perceived susceptibility to a health threat, percieved severity of the disease or condition, and perceived benefits of and barriers to the behavior |
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| Theory of Planned Behavior |
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| a theory that predicts health behavior on the basis of three factors: personal attitude toward the behavior, the subjective norm regarding the behavior, and perceved degree of control over the behavior |
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| in the theories of health behavior, the rational decision to engage in a health-related behavior or to refrain from engaging in the behavior |
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| an individual's interpretation of the views of other people regarding a particular health-related behavior |
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| in the theories of health behavior, the reactive, unplanned motivation involved in the decision to engage in risky behavior |
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| a widely used stage theory that contends that people pass through five stages in altering health-related behavior:pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance |
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| health-enhancing efforts to prevent disease or injury from occurring |
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| actions taken to identify and treat an illness or disability early in its course |
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| actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages |
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| any planned intervention involving communication that promotes the learning or healthier behavior |
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| a health message that focuses on attaining positive outcomes, or avoiding undesirable ones, by adopting a health-promoting behavior |
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| a health message that focuses on a negative outcome from failing to perform a health-promoting behavior |
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| the study of optimal human functioning and the healthy interplay between people and their environments |
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| excessive accumulation of body fat |
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| a measure of food energy equivalent to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1degree Celcsius |
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| the minimum number of calories the body needs to maintain bodily functions while at rest |
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| the idea that each person's body weight is genetically set within a given range, or set point, that the body works hard to maintain |
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| the weight-signaling hormone monitored by the hypothalamus as an index of body fat |
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| collapsible body cells that store fat |
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| a measure of obesity calculated by dividing body weight by the square of a person's height |
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| the "apple-shaped" body of men who carry excess weight around their upper body and abdomen |
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| the "pear-shaped" body of women who carry excess weight on their thighs and hips |
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| body weight that exceeds the desirable weight for a person of a given height, age, and body shape |
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| repeated weight gains and losses through repeated dieting |
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| the theory that heightened sensitivity to norms for body weight triggers a pattern of eating that vacillates between strict dieting and binge eating |
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| overeating triggered by an event, emotion, or behavior that causes a restrained eater to abandon his or her restraint |
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| an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, a distorted body image, and, in females, amenorrhea |
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Definition
| an eating disorder characterized by alternating cycles of binge eating and purging through such techniques as vomiting or laxative abuse |
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| Exposure-Response Prevention |
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Definition
| a behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa that attempts to prevent purging (and therefore, reinforcement) following binge eating |
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Definition
| the use of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user's biological, psychological, or social well-being |
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| the network of tightly packed capillary cells that separates the blood and the brain |
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| drugs, chemicals, and environmental agents that can damage the developing person during fetal development |
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| a drug that attaches to a receptor and produces neural actions that mimic or enhance those of a naturally occurring neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| a drug that blocks the action of a naturally occuring neurotransmitter or agonist |
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| a pattern of behavior characterized by physical as well as possible pyschological dependence on a drug as well as the development or tolerance |
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| a state in which the use of a drug is required for a person to function normally |
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| the unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person abruptly ceases using certain drugs |
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| the ingestion of a drug, regardless of the amount or effect of ingestion |
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| drugs that affect mood, behavior, and through processes by altering the functioning of neurons in the brain; they include stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens |
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| the effect of one drug to increase the effects of another |
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| the rate of agreement between a pair of twins for a given trait; a pair of twins is concordant for the trait if both of them have it or if neither has it |
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| a drug that serves as a stepping-stone to the use of other, usually more dangerous, drugs |
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| the amount of alcohol in the blood, measured in grams per 100 mililiters |
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| an alcohol-induced neurological disorder characterized by the inability to store new memories |
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| a cluster of birth defects that include facial abnormalties, low intelligence, and retarded body growth caused by the mother's use of alcohol during pregnancy |
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| the false sense of confidence and freedom from social restraints that results from alcohol consumption |
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| a state in which the use of alcohol is required for a person to function normally |
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| a neurological state induced by excessive and prolonged use of alcohol and characterized by sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations; a symptom of alcohol withdrawal |
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| a maladaptive drinking pattern in which drinking interferes with role obligations |
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| a general personality syndrome linked to alcohol dependence and characterized by aggressiveness, unconventionality, and impulsiveness; also called deviance proneness |
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Definition
| a state of alcohol abuse characterized by depression and anxiety |
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| Tension-Reduction Hypothesis |
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Definition
| an explanation of drinking behavior that proposes that alcohol is reinforcing because it reduces stress and tension |
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Definition
| individuals' beliefs about the effects of alcohol consumption on behavior--their own as well as that of other people |
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| a behavioral therapy that pairs an unpleasant stimulus (such as a nauseating drug) with an undesirable behavior (such as drinking or smoking), causing the patient to avoid the behavior |
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| the theory that smokers who are physically dependent on nicotine regulate thier smoking to maintain a steady level of the drug in their bodies |
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Definition
| a form of aversion therapy in which a smoker is forced to increase his or her smoking until an unpleasant state of fullness is reached |
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