Term
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Definition
| External event that provokes a response |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical/emotional reaction to the external stimulus |
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Term
| Cannon's Fight or Flight Theory |
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Definition
| The autonomic Nervous System has two parts: Sympathetic nervous system(activates body in response to danger) and parasympathetic nervous system(returns body to baseline state) |
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Term
| Selye's General Adaption Syndrome |
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Definition
3 Stages: 1.Alarm-body experiences shock(BP or body temp may lower), body releases adrenaline
2. Resistance: body fights back against stressor which makes body vulnerable to attack from other agents
3. Exhaustion: Illnesses occur because body can't defend against stress |
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Term
| Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Model of Stress |
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Definition
| Stress is triggered when event exceeds person's personal/social resources to cope with event |
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Term
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Definition
3 phases:
1. initial assessment of the event and its potential harmfulness
2. Secondary Appraisal: assessment of resources and ability to meet demands of the event
3. Cognitive Reappraisal: reevaluation of event as it develops |
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Term
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Definition
| individual's biological predisposition(Diathesis)combined with environmental preciptating factor(stressor) are necessary determinants to cause the onset of a stress-related illness |
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Term
| Personality Type and Illness |
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Definition
Type A: highly competitive, impatient, hostile, aggressive tend to go for high stress work environments(demanding, like stock exchange, investment banking)
Type D: negative affect(has stress, hostility, anxiety, depression) |
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Term
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Definition
Problem focused: seeking info and generating solutions to address the stressor in an active way(most effective)
Emotion focused: seeking support and comfort from friends/family
Engagement: problem solving and emotional support
Disengagement: withdrawal from the problem and denying its existence(may become depressed and turn to substance abuse) |
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Term
| HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) |
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Definition
| virus renders immune system useless or deficient making body vulnerable to other fatal illnesses(can be asymptomatic before moving into having AIDS) |
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Term
| AIDS(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) |
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Definition
| final/most severe stage of disease triggered by HIV an characterized by collection of infections |
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Term
| When diagnosed with AIDS two things occur |
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Definition
1. immune system is repressed
2. white blood cell count falls below 200 cells per .0002 teaspoons of blood |
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Term
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Definition
1. sexual intercourse
2. (parenteral)blood borne transmission(sharing needles, accidental needle sticks)
3. (perinatal)Mother to Child transmission |
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Term
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Definition
15% of HIV people are asymptomatic and after first onset virus become dormant(lasts from 8 to 10 yrs)
after dormant period: rapid weight loss, dry cough, recurrent fevers, profuse night sweats, fatigue, swollen glands in armpit, groin and neck, white spots or blemishes on tongue |
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Term
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Definition
1. Education(lack of sex ed, lack of knowledge about importance of testing)
2. Peer Influence
3. Health Status
4. Access to Health Care |
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Term
| Six principle risk factors for heart disease |
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Definition
1. excessive alcohol use
2. tobacco
3. high blood cholesterol
4. physical inactivity
5. obesity
6. diabetes |
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Term
| Cardiovascular disease(heart disease) |
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Definition
number of diseases that involve damage to heart from atherosclerosis(build up of plaque in arteries)
(leading cause of death worldwide) |
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Term
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Definition
1. coronary artery disease: arteries that pump blood to and from the heart become blocked causing damage to heart tissues
2. cardiac arrest: caused by ventricular fibrillation(abnormal heart rhythm that happens when heart fails to pump blood to other organs)
3. Stroke: ischemic-from plaque build up in blood vessels and hemorrhagic: when hypertension causes excessive force of blood pumping thru vessels , causing rupture in brain
4. Hypertension: can cause damage to heart, kidney, brain, and arteries and also lead to heart attack or death |
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Term
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Definition
| stress, genetics(primary hypertension), behavior(secondary hypertension)-high fat diet |
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Term
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Definition
| now classified as chronic instead of terminal illness and it is a collection of cells that reproduce in an uncontrolled manner causing a mass |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical agents(tobacco/asbestos), biological agents(HIV or bacterial parasites), environmental agents(ultraviolet light/radiation), genetic factors, behavioral factors(obesity, physical inactivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| not usually life threatening; may grow in size but do not spread; usually be removed safely |
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Term
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Definition
| life threatening; large mass of cells that grow and multiply uncontrollably an can metastasize(spread to other parts of the body) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Carcinomas: malignant cancers from epithelial cells(basil cell carcinoma-skin cancer-least deadliest)
2. Sarcomas: soft tissue cancers(happen in fat, muscle, nerves, tendons)
3. Leukemia: in blood-producing tissues(most commonly in bone marrow)
4. Lymphomas: in lymphatic system |
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Term
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Definition
| Men have a higher incidence and mortality rate for cancer than women |
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Term
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Definition
2nd leading cause of death for both men and women(behind cardiovascular disease)
For men, the top three types of cancer: lung, prostate, colorectal
For women: lung, breast, colorectal |
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Term
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Definition
| two mutated genes(BRCA1 and 2) have been linked with an increased risk for early breast cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| life time risk is increased by 2 to 4 times when 1st degree relatives have been diagnosed before age 55 |
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Term
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Definition
| used as insulator for heat and sound or as a fire retardant beginning in 1800s and now has been linked to mesothelioma |
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Term
| History of Health Insurance |
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Definition
| Started in 1929 with Indemnity insurance-people paid a monthly premium and the company reimbursed the costs of medical care(around 50-80% of cost) |
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Term
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Definition
| earliest private health insurance |
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Term
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Definition
| 85% are insured and 15% are not insured |
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Term
| Traditional Indemnity Plans |
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Definition
| receive health care from provider of their choice and reimbursed 50 to 80% of customary cost of service |
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Term
| Managed Health Care Plans |
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Definition
| started in '70s to deal with rising cost of health care(HMOs,PPOs,POS); must use providers associated with plan |
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Term
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Definition
| Medicaid, Medicare, Military Health Care |
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Term
| Physician's Communication Errors |
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Definition
1. Med-speak: use of medical jargon
2. Physician Miscommunication: limited face time contributes to this; don't take time to ask if patients understand |
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