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Definition
| PEOPLE WHO RECEIVE A PLACEBO DRUG TO REDUCE THEIR PAIN NOT KNOWING THE DRUG IS INERT, OFTEN REPORT THAT IT RELIEVES THEIR SYMPTOMS OR SENSATIONS |
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| they perceive side effects, such as dizziness or fatigue, that could not be the direct result of the drug - they manufacture sensations based on expectations |
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| Medical student's disease |
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| medical students that learn about symptoms of various diseases, they come to believe incorrectly that they have contrcted one of these illnesses |
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| widespread perception across individuals, even though tests indicate that their symptoms have no medical basis in their bodies or in the environment |
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| an informal system of individuals who provid advice or information regarding a person's symptoms and health |
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| health problems that develop as a result of a medical treatment |
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| the elapased time b/t noticing a symptom and getting medical attention |
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| the time taken b/t recognizing one is ill and deciding to seek medical attention |
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| the time after deciding to seek medical care untill actually going in to use that health srvice |
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| complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) |
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Definition
| methods not included in conventional medicine to prevent or treat illnesses: they are complementary if used along with convetional methods and alternative if used instead of them |
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Definition
| the tendency of some individuals to be excessively concerned and vigilant regarding their health and body sensations |
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| emotional maladjustment; involves a high degree of self consciousness and vulnerability to stress as well as the tendency to experience anxiety, hostility, andd epression |
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Term
| doctor centered approach to health care |
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Definition
| the behavioral style of some physicians in which interactions with patients are highly controlled by the practitioner and focus on the symptoms or treatment rather than the person |
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Term
| patient centered approach to healthcare |
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Definition
| the behavioral style of some physicians in which their interactions encourage patients to share information and participate in medical decisions |
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Term
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Definition
place restrictions on their members choices and services
-over 70% of employed americans are on this |
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Term
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Definition
type of managed care in which members are entitled to use the services of any affiliated physician or hospital with little or no additional charge
-visits to specialistas and nonemergency hospital must be preapproved and referred by the primary care physician |
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Term
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Definition
| another type of managed care plan; each ppo consists of a network of affiliated physicians and hospitals that discount their fees; patients usually may go to any affiliated specialist w/out preapprovail |
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Term
| US healthcare vs other natiosn |
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Definition
-other nations use universal healthcare system-provide healthcare for everyone funded by taxes and payroll deductiosn
-healthcare is usually excellent, less complicated and less expensive
-In canadian system each province pays its citizens medical bills and determines its own policies such as what type of care will be covered
-most canadian physicians are employed privately and patients may choose any doctor they wish |
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Term
| major factors that affect whether people perceive and respond to symptoms of illness |
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Definition
individual difference- some people have more symptoms than others and some people differe in teh sensations they experience from the same symptom.
-indidviduals difer in the degree of pain they will tolerate before doing something about it - some individuals pay more attention to their internal states than others (doesnt' mean its accurate) those who are internally focused tend to have less severe illness and perceive their recovery as slower than those who pay less attention to their internal states |
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Term
| competing environmental stimuli |
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Definition
when the environment contains a great deal of sensory info or its exciting, people become less likely to notice internal sensations
-people are far more likely to report sensations or physical symptoms when the external environment is boring or lacks info |
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Term
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Definition
| people often report placebos as relieving their symptomes |
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Definition
| increase the symptoms people perceive |
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Term
| gender and sociocultural differences |
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Definition
| women in research on pain report feeling discomfort at lower stimulus intensities than men and request sooner that a painful stimulus be terminated |
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Term
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Definition
from direct experience and the things we read and hear, we develop ideas and expectations about illness
Steps:
1) illness identity -name the symptom of the disease
2) causes and underlying pathology - ideas concerning how one gets the disease and what physiological events occur with it
3) time line - prognosis ideas, such as how long the disease takes to appear and lasts
4) consequence - involves ideas about the seriousness, effects, and outcomes of an illness |
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Term
| most frequent users of healthcare services |
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Definition
young children, women, and elderly individuals
-tend to be from higher social class |
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Term
| Health belief model and willingness to seek medical attention |
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Definition
people ask whether the perceived benefits of getting medical care outweigh the perceived bariers
-results say that the factors do influence people's decisions on wheter and how soon to use health services |
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Term
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Definition
1) appraisal delay
2)Illness delay
3) utilization dlay |
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Term
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Definition
| the time a person takes to interpret a symptom as an indication of illness the sensory experience of a symptom had the greatest impact on delay |
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Term
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Definition
the time taken b/t recognizing one is ill and deciding to seek medical attention
-thoughts about thesymptom had hte greates impact |
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Term
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Definition
the tiem after deciding to seek medical care untill actually going in to use that health service
-perceptions of benefits adn bariers important
-delay the shortest for people who were less concerned abou the cost of time had severe pain and felt that their symptoms could be cured |
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Term
| 5 types of complementary and alternative medicine CAM |
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Definition
1) manipulative and body based methods - maneuver or move parts of the body (chiropractic and massage procedures)
2) Biologically-based methods - apply materials found in nature, such as herbal prodcuts and dietary supplements
3) mind body interventions -- use techniques for enhancing the minds ability to manage body functioning and symptom (progressive muscle relaxation and meditation)
4) energy therapies== employ hypothesized or known physical energy fields, such as biofields believed to exist and surround the body and electric or magnetic fields
5) alternative medical symptom -- such as traditional chinese medicine and homeopathy |
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Term
| how many americans use CAM |
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Definition
| 1/3 (mind-body and biologically based are most frequently used) |
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Term
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Definition
patiens may not adhere to regimen b/c of deliberate reasons based on valid reasons
-cognitive and emotional factors and self efficacy andsocial support play a role |
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Term
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Definition
improving physicians communication skills
-have the patient state that he/she will comply
-use motivational interviewing - social support- behavioral bmethods
-tailorign the regimen providing prompts/ reminders, self monitoring, behavioral contrctiong |
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Term
| symptoms of hypochondriasis |
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Definition
tend to interpret real but benign bodily sensations as symptom of illness
-often linked to neuroticism
-high degree of self-consciousness and vulnerability to stress as well as the tendency to experience anxiety, hostility, and depression
-some peopel may have real healt problems that medical technology cannot yet confirm |
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Term
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Definition
| women want more info about care than men |
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Term
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Definition
physicians ask questions that required brief yes/ not answeres
-tend to ignore attempts by patients to discuss other problems
-usually male physicians |
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Term
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Definition
physician takes less controlling role
-ask open ended questions, avoid using medical jargon, usually women physicians use this |
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Term
| what is average rate of nonadherence? |
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Definition
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Term
| four major types of chemical pain treatments |
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Definition
-local anesthetics
-peripherally active analgesics
-centrally active anal gesics
-indirect acting drugs |
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Term
| factors that contribute to the trend of under medicating |
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Definition
-fear of addiction
-underestimation of patient pain
-overestimation of pain by patient |
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Term
| 3 major types of cognitive strategies for treating pain |
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Definition
-distraction (takes focus off pain stimulus)
-imagery (person tries to alleviate discomfot by creating mental scene that's unrelated to pain)
-redefinition (person substitues constructive thoughts for ones that arouse feelings of harm) |
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Term
| typical strategies for treatign pain via physical therapy |
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Definition
| stretching, strengthening, improving range of motion |
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