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Definition
| The expected number of years of life that remain for a person of a given age |
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| a long-lasting disease that can be controlled but not cured |
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| a perspective that considers disease to result from exposure to a specific disease-causing organism |
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| any disease-causing organism |
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| the approach to health that includes biological, psychological, and social influences |
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Definition
| an interdisciplinary field concerned with developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical sciences |
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| a field of psychology that contributes to both behavioral medicine and behavioral health; the scientific study of behaviors that relate to health enhancement, disease prevention, and rehabilitation |
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Definition
| an inactive substance or condition that has the appearance of an active treatment and that may cause improvement or change because of people's belief in the placebo's efficacy |
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Definition
| adverse effect of a placebo |
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Term
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Definition
| an experimental design in which neither the subjects nor those who dispense the treatment condition have knowledge of who receives the treatment and who receives the placebo |
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Definition
| a design in which the participants do not know if they are receiving the active or inactive treatment, but the providers are not blind to treatment conditions |
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Definition
| any positive or negative relationship between two variables. Correlational evidence cannot prove causation, but only that two variables vary together |
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Definition
| a type of research design in which subjects of different ages are studied at one point in time |
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Definition
| a type of research design in which one group of subjects is studied over a period of time |
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Definition
| in an experiment or clinical trial, the group of participants who receive an active treatment |
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Definition
| in an experiment or clinical trial, the group of participants who do not receive an active treatment. The control group serves as a comparison to the experimental group. |
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Term
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Definition
| in an experiment or clinical trial, the variable that represents the presumed cause of an effect or outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| in an experiment or clinical trial, the variable that represents the effect or outcome of interest |
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Definition
| a scientific study in which the values of the independent variable are not manipulated, but selected by the experimenter after the groups have naturally divided themselves |
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Definition
| a variable chosen (rather than manipulated) by a researcher to provide levels of comparison for groups of subjects |
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Definition
| a branch of medicine that investigates the various factors that contribute either to positive health or to the frequency and distribution of a disease or disorder |
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Definition
| any characteristic or condition that occurs with greater frequency in people with a disease than it does in people free from that disease |
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Definition
| the proportion of a population that has a disease or disorder at a specific point in time |
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Definition
| a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease or disorder during a specified period of time |
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Definition
| longitudinal studies that begin with a disease-free group of subjects and follow the occurrence of disease in that population or sample |
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Definition
| longitudinal studies that look back at the history of a population or sample |
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Definition
| a retrospective epidemiological study in which people affected by a given disease (cases) are compared with others not affected (controls). |
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Definition
| a condition of an experimental investigation in which subjects are allowed, in some manner, to determine their own placement in either the experimental or the control group |
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Definition
| a research design that tests the effects of medical treatment. Many clinical trials are randomized controlled trials that allow researchers to determine whether a new treatment is or is not effective |
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Definition
| a statistical technique for combining results of several studies when these studies have similar definitions of variables |
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Definition
| a person's chances of developing a disease or disorder independent of any risk that other people may have for that disease or disorder |
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Definition
| the risk a person has for a particular disease compared with the risk of other people who do not have that person's condition or lifestyle |
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Term
| dose-response relationship |
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Definition
| a direct, consistent relationship between an independent variable, such as a behavior, and a dependent variable, such as an illness. For example, the greater the number of cigarettes one smokes, the greater the likelihood of lung cancer |
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Definition
| a set of related principles or hypotheses constructed to explain significant relationships among concepts or observations |
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Definition
| the extent to which a test or other measuring instrument yields consistent results |
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Definition
| accuracy; the extent to which a test or other measuring instrument measures what it is supposed to measure |
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Definition
| those activities undertaken by people who have been diagnosed as sick that are directed at getting well |
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Definition
| a personality trait marked by a tendency to experience negative emotional states |
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Definition
| the network of family and friends from whom a person may first seek medical information and advice |
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Definition
| a patient's ability and willingness to follow recommended health practices |
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Definition
| the belief that other people, but not oneself, will develop a disease, have an accident, or experience other negative events |
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Definition
| studies designed to yield information concerning the degree of relationship between two variables |
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Definition
| those activities undertaken by people who feel ill and who wish to discover their state of health, as well as suitable remedies. This term precedes formal diagnosis. |
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