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Health Law and Ethics
Ch 3 Tort Law
22
Law
Undergraduate 3
09/07/2007

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Term
Tort
Definition
A civil wrong, not including breach of contract, that is committed against a person or property for which a court provides a remedy in the form of an action for damages
Term
What are the three categories of torts?
Definition
Negligent torts

Intentional torts

torts where strict liability is assessed regardless of fault
Term
Negligent Tort
Definition
the unintentional commission or omission of an act that a reasonably prudent person would or would not do under the same or similar circumstances
Term
Malfeasance
Definition
Negligent tort

the execution of an unlawful or improper act
Term
Misfeasance
Definition
Negligent Tort

the improper performance of an act that results in injury to another
Term
Nonfeasance
Definition
Negligent Tort

a failure to act hen there is a duty to do so
Term
What are the two degrees of negligence?
Definition
Ordinary:
the failure to do what a reasonably prudent (sensible) person would do or doing what a reasonably prudent person would not do under the circumstances of the act or omission in question

Gross:
the intentional or wanton (without regard for what is right, just, humane) omission of care that should be provided or the performance of an improper act
Term
Duty to care
Definition
exists when there is a legal obligation of care, performance, or observance imposed on one party to guard the rights of others
Term
Breach of duty
Definition
failure to meet a prevailing standard of care
Term
Causation
Definition
the defendant's negligence must be a substantial factor in having caused an injury
Term
Foreseeability
Definition
the reasonable anticipation that harm or injury will result from an act or a failure to act. The test for this is whether one could have reasonably anticipated that the event in question or a similar event would occur
Term
Intentional wrongdoing
Definition
involves a willfull act that violates another person's interests, the perpetrator must realize that the action will cause harm
Term
Assault
Definition
the infringement on the mental security or tranquility of another person
Term
Battery
Definition
the violation of another person's physical integrity
Term
False Imprisonment
Definition
the unlawful restraint of an individual's personal liberty or the unlawful restraint or confinement of an individual. To warrant recovery, the plaintiff must be aware of the confinement and have no reasonable means of escape
Term
Defamation of Character
Definition
false oral or written communication to someone other than the individual defamed that subjects that individual's reputation to scorn and ridicule in the eyes of a substantial number of respectable people in the community
Term
Two aspects of defamation of character
Definition
libel: results from written word
slander: results from spoken word
Term
Fraud
Definition
a willful and intentional misrepresentation that could cause harm or loss to an individual or property. To prove, must show:
an untrue statement, justifiable reliance, damages as a result
Term
Invasion of Pivacy
Definition
a wrong that interferes with a right of an individual to personal privacy
Term
mental distress
Definition
intentional or reckless infliction, conduct so outrageous that it goes beyond the bounds tolerated by a decent society. Can include grief, public humiliation, despair, shame, and wounded pride
Term
Strict Liability
Definition
without fault and makes possible an award of damages without poof of manufacturer negligence
Term
Products Liability
Definition
of a manufacturer, seller, or supplier of chattels to a buyer or other third party for injuries sustained because of a defect in a product
Include
1. negligence
2. breach of warranty (express or implied)
3. strict liability
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