Term
| Impact of SES on Health Communication |
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Definition
Socioeconomic status
o Creates misunderstandings and are generally less satisfied
o Language barrier |
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Term
| List strategies for minimizing SES barriers |
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Definition
- Understand language barriers
- Have access to reliable information
- Have social skills and understand how apply the information |
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Term
| Understand the reasons that race impacts health care |
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Definition
- Distrust
- High risk, low knowledge
- Patient-caregiver communication
- Access/availability of healthcare |
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Term
| Identify how people with disabilities regard health care encounters |
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Definition
- Treat like they are children
- Overcompensate for the issue
- Doctors are not educated, knowledgeable, comfortable confronting such disability issues |
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Term
| List tips for communicating effectively with people with disabilities |
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Definition
- Talk to them directly, not their interpreters
- Treat as adults
- Don’t insist on helping, if they need assistance they will tell you |
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Term
| Name tips for communicating effectively with children |
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Definition
| Let the children set the tone on what they want to know, limit the medical terminology, talk about illness as if its normal |
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Term
| Name tips for communicating effectively with older adults |
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Definition
| Don’t impose your views, establish open and honest dialogue, develop and establish new skills, listen rather than tell, empower people to use own resources |
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Term
| Communication accommodation theory |
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Definition
- People tend to mirror each other’s communication styles to display liking and respect
o Convergence: partners use similar gestures, tone of voice, and vocabulary
o Divergence: acting differently from the other person, whisper vs. shouting |
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Term
| Problems of Communication accommodation theory |
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Definition
Over-accommodation: exaggerated response to a perceived need
o Individuals start to believe they are of diminished capacity |
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Term
| Understand the impact of communication technology for older adults |
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Definition
- Difficult time keeping job and staying up to date on technology
- Feel less isolated and have more control over future
- E-quality theory of aging: older adults benefit as both teachers and students when they use electronics in their environment |
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Term
| Identify tips for communicating with members of marginalized populations |
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Definition
| - Don’t impose your views, establish open and honest dialogue, develop and establish new skills, listen rather than tell, empower people to use own resources |
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Term
| Explain the decisions and ethical dilemmas involved in rationing health care |
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Definition
- Provide care to only those who can afford it? Bigger gap between wealthy and poor
- Priority to procedures with high success rate? – Statistics are generalizations, individual are unique
- Based on quality of life? – Discrimination begins |
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Term
| Explain the promise surrounding genetic testing and know the steps being taken alleviate concerns |
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Definition
- Look closer into our future, prevent diseases and hereditary problems by discovering them earlier and taking the steps to treat it - Most believe it is not a direct challenge to religion, the spin played by the media also affects the view
- GINA: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act |
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Term
| Understand the purpose of affirmative action laws |
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Definition
- Law requires publicly funded universities to give preference to minority applicants who meet admission requirements
- Students should be given entrance to schools solely based on requirements |
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Term
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Definition
| religion is important, folk healer first, family included, show respect |
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Term
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Definition
collectivist, family oriented, age matters, tell head of household who will tell the family, very susceptible to depression/anxiety – disgrace to admit it
o Get to know doctor on emotional level first, give gifts, direct eye contact is bad
o Bury soon after death |
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Term
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Definition
| Mind and body as one, only seek western medicine if nothing else works, don’t question doctors |
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Term
| Western Perspective on Health |
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Definition
West: Reverence of science, body is regarded as a complete space vulnerable to bacteria
o War and disaster (heart attack, fight disease) regaining health is a battle
o Illness is a siege cured by modern medicine, medicine is unquestioned |
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Term
| Eastern Perspective on Health |
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Definition
East: Spiritual and bodily awareness/flexibility is important
o Strive for health, wellness and balance ALWAYS
o Body = Harmony and wellbeing, honor the body
o Mild interventions, with therapy such as yoga |
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Term
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Definition
Organic: health can be understood in terms of the presence or absence of physical indicators
o Emphasis on scientific knowledge, (evidence based medicine)
o Inability to account for conditions that cannot be easily verified
• Excludes social, spiritual, and psychological factors (Impersonal) |
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Term
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Definition
Not simply the absence of disease, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing
o Personal belief, contact with people, physical strength, and other factors
o Biopsychosocial
o BALANCE between physical strength, social interaction, and social belief
• Observe germs but realize some people are less susceptible
• Yin, Yang, Qi, folk healing
o Immediate measurements not available, not measurable
o Concern about maintaining illness and are not assertive, don’t say “no” |
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Term
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Definition
Ying and Yang are polar energies who cyclical forces define all living things (Define human life)
o Yin: coolness and reflection
o Yang: Brightness and Warmness
o Qi: Central life energy (Sensed, not measured or observed)
o Life energy is sustained and balanced by awareness, rhythmic breathing, physical regimens, and meditation |
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Term
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Definition
Remain healthy by maintaining a balance between physical strength, social interactions, and spiritual beliefs
o One factor upsets the balance |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of social rejection in which the person is ignored or dishonored because of the disease |
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Term
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Definition
People conclude the reason an individual is sick is because God cursed them and inflicted the disease due to previous wrongdoings. If people can’t explain an illness by natural law, it is supernatural
o Disease is sometimes God’s will and they refuse to interfere with it or seek a cure |
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Term
| Theory of health as expanded consciousness |
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Definition
| - Theory of health as expanded consciousness: A health crisis is not necessarily negative or undesirable; instead health events are integral parts of life that provide opportunity for growth and change (reasoning behind the waves of an ocean, we see them but must explore to understand why) Explicate/Implicate order |
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Term
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Definition
| Tangible elements of our existence (what we see, hear, feel) |
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Term
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Definition
| Compromising patterns beneath the surface (what causes the problems) |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is relatively passive and the caregiver is expected to be analytical and capable of fixing the problems that are presented
o No emotional connection; based on observation not on what the patient is feeling; Collect info, diagnose and fix (scientific method)
o Reduces the emotional impact on doctors
o Patients don’t appreciate being treated as machines |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients are like children and caregivers are like parents. Patients are naïve and incapable who have no right to the truth |
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Term
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Definition
Caregivers have powers on behalf of faithful patients
o “Little gods”, doctors are the mysterious authority figure (Lab coats, vocabulary, titles)
• Faith healers: ceremonies where hands are laid on the sick
• Glossolalia: trancelike state in which a worshipper seems to speak in a different tongue |
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Term
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Definition
Patients are regarded as shoppers/consumers who pay caregivers primarily to provide information and carry out the patients wishes
o Internet, competitiveness; may not choose most effective treatment because of cost |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients and caregivers accept the same role, work together toward the same goal, use vocabulary they both understand, quality relationships |
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Term
| List the health-related and social implications of Viagra promotions |
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Definition
1. To be a man, you have to get it up
2. To a physical ailment let there be a physical remedy
a. Its not under your control its under ours
3. Women are passive but grateful recipients of male attention
4. Real men are white and straight
5. Intimacy equals vaginal penetration |
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Term
| Identify strategies for cultural competence in health-related situations |
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Definition
1. How do clients and family members identify themselves
2. Are caregiver questions answered by the client or a family member
3. Does a family member speak first and make the decision?
4. Do you need an interpreter?
5. Eye contact? Food choices? |
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Term
| Define holistic care and understand why it has increased in popularity |
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Definition
Alternative therapy used in conjunction with other treatments
o More people are receptive to the idea
o More trained caregivers available along with increased research budget
o Low-cost, low technology, less frightening, more time spent with patients |
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Term
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Definition
People helping people, communicate with one another and increase a persons sense of control
o Health concerns can interfere with social interactions and friendships especially when communication skills or dementia occurs
o Direct-effect: social networks help us feel valued and included and minimize the number of stressful events in life; confidence, physical benefits |
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Term
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Definition
People believe they can manage their own health successfully, with a sense of control
o Coping: Both cause dependence, acceptance, and problem solving
o People either feel responsible and in control of the illness or believe its gods plan and don’t try to fix it |
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Term
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Definition
| Coping: Process of managing stressful situations o Problem solving: changing what can be changed o Emotional adjustment: adapting to what can not be changed |
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Term
| Internal Locus of Control |
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Definition
– Belief that people control their own destiny
– High self-efficacy
– Reluctant to ask for help; responsible for what happens
– Change-oriented and hard working
– Frustrated by failure |
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Term
| External Locus of Control |
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Definition
– Do not believe they can change own health for the better
– Low self-efficacy
– Events controlled by outside forces
– “Fatalistic”
– Not motivated to take personal action regarding health matters |
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Term
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Definition
| An occurrence that exceeds a persons normal coping ability; feeling out of control |
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Term
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Definition
things are comfortable, predictable and familiar
o People with disabilities don’t always want help but help others in return
o Hard to live a “normal” life if everyone treats you like you’re not |
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Term
| 2 Different forms of social support |
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Definition
- Action-Faciliating
- Nurturing |
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Term
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Definition
Performing tasks and collecting information
o Instrumental support: tasks and favors; most appreciated when care receivers feel the are active participants involved in the decision
o Informational support: performing internet data research, sharing experiences, helps increase understanding |
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Term
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Definition
o Esteem support: efforts to make another person feel valued and competent
o Emotional Support: Acknowledge and understand what the other person is feeling
o Social network Support: Support group, friends, family online to give assistance |
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Term
| 3 Parts of Nurturing Support |
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Definition
- Esteem: Efforts to make another person feel valued and competent
- Emotional: Acknowledge and understand what the other person is feeling
- Social Network: Support group, friends, family online to give assistance |
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Term
| Identify tips for supportive listening and showing support for people’s expressions of emotion |
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Definition
- Focus on the other person
- Remain neutral
- Concentrate on feelings
- Legitimize other persons emotions
- Summarize what you hear |
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Term
| Communication in Uncertainty according to the Theory of Problematic Integration |
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Definition
Theory of problematic integration: communication serves to establish a relatively stable orientation, we look at our life in terms of expectations and evaluations
o Communication helps to define, challenge and transform our experiences |
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Term
| Define and describe transcendent experiences |
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Definition
- Social constructivism: the meaning we attribute is determined by our experiences and interactions with others
- Finding higher meaning in a health crisis |
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Term
| Describe different perspectives on death and end-of-life experiences and identify techniques for coping: |
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Definition
- Life at all costs versus death with dignity
- Hospice: palliative care
- Advanced-care directives: a plan for medical acre when a person becomes too ill to communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| GINA: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act: health insurance companies can not refuse health coverage based on genetic testing, family history does not effect coverage, employers can’t use it in hiring process o Doesn’t apply to US veterans or disability insurance |
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