Term
| What would you ask for a patient for a head and scalp history? |
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Definition
-Headaches
-Dizziness
-Lumps or masses
-Surgery
-Allergies
-Medications and/or treatments used |
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Term
| What does the patient do during a facial motor exam? |
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Definition
-Smile
-Puff cheeks
-Show teeth
-Wrinkle brow
-Squeeze eyes shut against resistance |
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Term
| During a neck exam, what are you palpating for when the patient swallows? |
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Definition
| Isthmus, left and right lobes of thyroid, feel for any nodules, enlargement or tenderness |
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Term
| How do we measure how swollen tonsils are? |
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Definition
| Look inside mouth, measure from 1+(slightly swollen) to 4+ (swollen to tip of uvula) |
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Term
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Definition
| common physical disorder of the nose, involving displacement of the nasal septum |
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Term
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Definition
| sac-like growths of inflamed tissue lining the nose; people with nasal polyps often complain of having cold-like symptoms that have lasted for months or years |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| URI (Upper Respiratory Infection) symptoms |
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Definition
-Nasal Congestion
-Feverish
-Sore throat
-Toothache |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between doing an ear exam on an adult and an ear exam on a child? |
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Definition
| In adults you pull the ear up and back to straighten the ear canal while in children you pull the ear down and back |
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Term
| What is the function of the middle ear? |
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Definition
| Conducts sound, equalizes air pressure and reduces loudness |
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Term
| What are the auditory ossicles? |
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Definition
| Composed of the malleus, incus, and stapes, it transmits vibration from the TM to the inner ear |
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Term
| What is the eustachian tube and how does it differ in adults v. children? |
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Definition
| It equalizes aie pressure form middle ear to nasopharynx and is more horizontal in child, more angled in adult |
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Term
| What makes up the inner ear? |
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Definition
Cochlea - converts vibrations and sends through cochlear nerve to the brain
Labyrinth - responsible for balance |
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Term
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Definition
-Mechanical dysfunction in external or middle ear
-Foreign object in canal, perforated TM, otosclerosis
-Can still hear if sound is loud enough |
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Term
| Sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
-Cochlear, CN VIII or auditory area of cerebral
-Presbycusis
-Inner ear disease, ototoxic drugs |
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Term
| What is pupil accomodation? |
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Definition
| Pupillary constriction and convergence towards center when looking from far to near |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pupils
Equal
Round
Reacts to Light
Accommodates |
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Term
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Definition
Visual accuity chart
-chart is 20 feet away from the patient
-Cover one eye during testing, then switch to other eye, then both eyes
-The larger the denominator, the poorer the vision
-Person is legally blind if vision is 20/200 and cannot be corrected |
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Term
| What are amblyopia, diplopia, myopia, hyperopia, and prebyopia? |
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Definition
Amblyopia: lazy eye
Diplopia: double vision
Myopia: nearsightedness
Hyperpopia: farsighted
Presbyopia: decreased accommodation with aging |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which eyes make repetitive uncontrolled movements. It is normal at extremes of gaze but in Labyrinth disorder, it will be present after eye moves back to normal position |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Buildup of fluid inside the skull, "water heads" usually found in children |
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Term
| What is the number one thing you monitor for after a tonsilectomy and what is the sign for that? |
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Definition
| Bleeding and a sign in constant swallowing is a sign |
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Term
| What should you look for when examining the TM? |
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Definition
| Color should be pearly gray and you should make you see cone-of-light to be sure the TM is not bulging |
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Term
| What two tests should you perform to test conductive hearing loss? |
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Definition
Weber: Vibrating fork in middle of client's head
Rinne: Vibrating fork on mastoid bone, then in front of ear (air conduction should be greater than bone conduction) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 types of primary headaches? |
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Definition
1. Migraines
2. Tension
3. Cluster |
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Term
| What are the processes of Migraines, Tension headaches, and cluster headaches? |
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Definition
M: Primary neuronal dysfunction
T: Unclear-muscle contraction or vasoconstriction unlikely
C: Unclear-possibly extracranial vasodilation from neural dysfunction |
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Term
| What are the different locations of Migraines, tension headaches, and cluster headaches? |
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Definition
M: Usually unilateral
T: Usually bilateral; may be generalized or localized
C: Unilateral; usually behind or around eye |
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Term
| What are the different qualities and their severities in migraines, tension headaches, and cluster headaches? |
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Definition
M: Throbbing or aching, variable in severity
T: Pressing or tightening pain, mild to moderate intensity
C: Deep, continuous, severe |
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Term
| Describe the Timing (onset, duration, course) for migraines, tension headaches, and cluster headaches. |
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Definition
M: Onset is fairly rapid reaching peak in 1-2 hrs, lasts 4-72 hours and peak incidence is in early to mid adolescence, usually in women, usually monthly
T: Onset is gradual, lasts minutes to days, and is often recurrent or persistent over long periods
C: Onset is abrupt, peaks within minutes, lasts up to 3 hours, and is episodic, clustered in time with several each day for 4-8 wks, then relief for 6-12 mos. More common in men. |
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Term
| What are the different associated factors for migraines, tension headaches, and cluster headaches? |
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Definition
M: Nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, visual auras, motor auras affecting hand or arm, sensory auras
T: Sometimes photophobia; phonophobia; nausea absent
C: Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, miosis, ptosis, eyelid edema, conjunctival infection |
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Term
| What are the different aggravating/provoking factors for migraines, tension headaches, and cluster headaches? |
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Definition
M: Alcohol, certain foods, or tension may provoke, more common premenstually, aggravated by noise/bright light
T: Sustained muscle tension, as in driving or typing
C: During attack, sensitivity to alcohol may increase |
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Term
| What are the relieving factors for migaines, tension headaches, and cluster headaches? |
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Definition
M: Quiet, dark room; sleep; sometimes transient relief from pressure on the involved artery, if early in the course
T: Possibly massage, relaxation
C: ? |
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Term
| What type of headaches are sinusitis headaches and those related to meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different processes for headaches related to sinusitis and meningitis? |
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Definition
S: Mucosal inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
M: Infection of the meninges surrounding the brain |
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Term
| Where are the different locations common to headaches related to sinusitis and meningitis? |
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Definition
S: Usually above the eye or over the maxillary sinus
M: Generalized |
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Term
| Describe the quality and severity of headaches related to sinusitis and meningitis. |
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Definition
S: Aching or throbbing; variable in severity; consider possible migraine
T: Steady or throbbing, very severe |
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Term
| Describe the Timing (onset, duration, course) for headaches related to sinusitis and meningitis. |
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Definition
S: Variable onset, often lasts several hours at a time, recurring over days or longer; often recurrent in a repetitive daily pattern
M: Fairly rapid onset, duration is variable, usually days; it is a persistent headache in an acute illness |
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Term
| Describe the associated factors in the headaches related to sinusitis and meningitis. |
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Definition
S: Local tenderness, nasal congestion, discharge, and fever
M: Fever, stiff neck |
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Term
| Describe the aggravating/provoking factors in headaches related to sinusitis and meningitis. |
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Definition
S: May be aggravated by coughing, sneezing, or jarring the head
M: none? |
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Term
| Describe the factors that relieve headaches related to sinusitis and meningitis. |
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Definition
S: Nasal decongestants, antibiotics
M: N/A? |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased adrenal cortisol production produces a round or "moon" face with red cheeks. Excessive hair growth may be present on face. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased growth hormone produces enlargment of both bone and soft tissue. Head is elongated, with bony prominences fo the forehead, nose, and lower jaw. Facial features appear coarsened. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased facial mobility blunts expression. A masklike face may result with decreased blinking and a characteristic stare. Neck and upper trunk flex forward, facial skin becomes oily, and drooling may occur. |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
-Nervousness
-Weight loss despite increased appetite
-Excessive sweating and heat intolerance
-Palpitations
-Frequent bowel movements
-Proximal muscle weakness and tremor |
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Term
| What are the signs of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
-Warm, smooth, moist skin
-Increased systolic and decreased diastolic BP
-Tachycardia or A. Fib
-Hyperdynamic cardiac pulsations with an accentuated S1
-Tremor and proximal muscle weakness
-With Graves disease, eye signs such as stare, lid lag, and exopthalmos |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
-Fatigue, lethargy
-Modest weight gain with anorexia
-Dry, coarse skin and cold intolerance
-Swelling of face, hands, and legs
-Constipation
-Weakness, muscle cramps, arthralgias, paresthesias, impaired memory and hearing |
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Term
| What are the signs of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
-Dry, coarse, cool skin, sometimes yellowish from carotene, with nonpitting edema and loss of hair
-Periorbital puffiness
-Decreased systolic and increased diastolic BP
-Bradycardia and, in late stages, hypothermia
-Intensity of heart sounds sometimes depressed
-Impaired memory, mixed hearing loss, somnolence, peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| Drooping of the upper lid. Causes can include myasthenia, gravis, damage to the oculomotor nerve, and damage to the sympathetic nerve supply. Senile ptosis can occur with age. |
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Term
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Definition
| The eyeball protrudes forward. When bilateral, can indicate infiltrative ophthalmopathy of Graves hyperthyroidism. Unilateral is seen in Graves disease or a tumor or inflammation of the orbit. |
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Term
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Definition
Pattern of redness: diffuse dilatation of conjunctival vessels with redness that tends to be maximal perpherally
Pain: mild discomfort
Vision: unaffected except for temporary blurring due to discharge
Discharge: watery, mucoid, or mucopurulent
Pupil: Not affected
Cornea: Clear
Significance: Bacterial, viral, and other infections; allergy; irritation |
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Term
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Definition
| Opacities of the lenses visible through the pupil. Most common in old age. Nuclear cataract looks gray when seen by a flashlight. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unequal pupils. When greater in bright light causes could include blunt trauma to eye, open-angle glaucoma, and impaired parasympathetic nerve supply to iris. When greater in dim light caused by interruption of sympathetic nerve supply. |
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Term
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Definition
| A painful, tender red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid |
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Term
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Definition
| Spinning sensation accompanied by nystagmus and ataxia |
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Term
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Definition
| a near faint from feeling faint or lightheaded |
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Term
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Definition
| unsteadiness or imbalance when walking, especially in older patients |
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Term
| What would be the results of a Weber and Rinne test for an ear that has conductive hearing loss? |
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Definition
W: Sound lateralizes to impaired ear-room noise not well heard, so detection of vibrations improves
R: Bone conduction longer than or equal to air conduction |
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Term
| What would be the results of a Weber and Rinne test for an ear with sensorineural hearing loss? |
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Definition
W: Sound lateralizes to good ear-inner ear or cochlear nerve damage impairs transmission to affected ear
R: Air conduction longer than bone conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces recurrent and painful vesicular eruptions of the lips and surrounding skin. A small cluster of vesicles first develops. As these break, yellow-brown crusts form, and healing ensues within 10-14 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diffuse, nonpitting, tense swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It develops rapidly, and typically disappears over subsequent hours or days. Although usually allergic in nature and sometimes associated with hives, it does not itch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Yeast infection in the mouth. Thick, white plaques are somewhat adherent to the underlying mucosa. Predisposing factors include: prolonged treatment with corticosteroid or antibiotics; AIDS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common in teenagers and young adults. Gingival margins are reddened and swollen, adn the interdental papillae are blunted, swollen and red. Brushing teeth often makes the gums bleed. Plaque is not readily visible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Benign. Dorsum of tongue shows scattered smooth red areas denuded of papillae. Gives a maplike pattern that changes over time |
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Term
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Definition
| Hairy yellowish to brown or black elongated papillae on tongue's dorsum. Benign condition may follow antibiotic therapy or occur spontaneously. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fissures appear with age. Food debris may accumulate in crevices and irritate, but condition is benign |
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Term
| Smooth tongue (atrophic glossitis) |
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Definition
| Smooth and often sore tongue that has lost it's papillae. Suggest deficiency in riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, or iron, or tx with chemo |
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Term
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Definition
| Candida albicans infection of the tongue that is seen in immunosuppressed conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| These whitish raised areas with a feathery or corrugated pattern most often affect the sides of the tongue. Unlike candidiasis, these areas cannot be scraped off. They are seen in HIV and AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| early symptom (or set of symptoms) that might indicate the start of a disease before specific symptoms occur |
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Term
| Name the physical borders for the anterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
1. Mandible above
2. Sternomastoid laterally
3. Midline of the neck medially |
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Term
| What are the anatomical borders for the posterior triangle of the neck? |
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Definition
1. Sternomastoid muscle
2. Trapezius muscle
3. The clavicle |
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Term
| What does the thyroid feel like in Grave's Disease, Hashimoto Thyroidectomy, malignancy, and thyroiditis? |
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Definition
| Soft in Grave's Disease; Firm in Hashimotos; Firm in malignancy; tenderness in thryroiditis |
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Term
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Definition
| Tests near vision and helps identify the need for reading glasses or bifocals in patients older than 45 |
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