Term
| What are the factors that influence how an individual experiences pain? |
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Definition
-Age
-Previous pain experience
-Cultural norms
-Unknown expectations
-History of drug abuse
-Perception of pain |
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Term
| What are the types of pain? |
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Definition
-Nociceptive: pain r/t tissue damage; responsive to inflammatory mediators
-Neuropathic: Direct or indirect injury to peripheral or CNS
-Idiopathic: without etiology |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of nociceptive pain? |
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Definition
Visceral: large or deep interior organs
Deep somatic: blood vessels, muscle, joints, tendons, bone
Cutaneous: skin |
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Term
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Definition
| A way to assess pain in patients who cannot talk. Stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability |
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Term
| When do you use numeric faces? |
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Definition
| When the patient can speak, but has trouble verbalizing pain, usually a small child. |
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Term
| What are common acute pain behaviors? |
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Definition
-Guarding
-Grimacing
-Vocalizations
-Agitation
-Stillness
-Diaphoresis
-Change in vital signs |
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Term
| What are common chronic pain behaviors? |
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Definition
-Bracing
-Rubbing
-Diminished activity
-Sighing
-Change in apetite
-Movement
-Exercise
-Praying
-Sleeping
-Agitation |
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Term
| What are types of joints? |
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Definition
Immovable joint (ex: skull sutures)
Slightly movable (pivot and gliding)
Freely movable (synovial) |
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Term
| What are the types of synovial joints? |
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Definition
-Hinge: flat or planar: moves on one plane (flexion and extension only)
-Condylar: convex or concave (knee or TMJ)
-Ball and socket: (hip) |
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Term
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Definition
| Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
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Term
| What is the most active joint in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do for a screening MSK exam? |
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Definition
-Inspect
-Palpate
-ROM
-Strength
Check for symmetry |
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Term
| What is passive exercise? |
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Definition
-Carried out by the nurse, without assistance from patient
-Will not preserve muscle mass or bone mineralization because there is no voluntary contraction, lengthening of muscle, or tension on bones |
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Term
| What is active assistive exercise? |
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Definition
-These exercises are performed by the patient with assistance from the nurse
-Exercises encourage normal muscle function while the nurse supports the distal joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Performed by patient without assistance, to increase muscle strength |
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Term
| What is resistive exercise? |
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Definition
| Active exercises performed by the patient by pulling or pushing against an opposing force |
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Term
| What is an isometric exercise? |
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Definition
-Performed by the patient by contracting and relaxing muscle while keeping the part in a fixed position
-Done to maintain muscle strength when a joint is immobilized
-Full patient cooperation is required |
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Term
| What is the order of the MSK physical examination? |
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Definition
1. TMJ
2. Neck (cervical spine)
3. Upper Extremities:
-shoulders
-elbows
-hands, wrists, fingers
4. Lower Extremities
-Hips
-Knees
-Ankles, feet, toes
5. Spine |
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Term
| What should you do when examining the TMJ? |
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Definition
-Observe lateral motion and protrusion forward
-Palpate while opening and closing the jaw |
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Term
| What should you do when examining the cervical spine? |
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Definition
-Palpate spinous processes and paravertebral muscles
-Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension
-Lateral bending or abduction and adduction
-Rotation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Test for carpal tunnel, have patient put hands in praying upside down, if they feel numbness before 1 min it is positive |
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Term
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Definition
| Ask patient to fully abduct the arm to shoulder level; if cannot hold arm fully abducted, test is positive indicating rotator cuff tear |
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Term
| What should you think if you notice joint(s) that is/are hot, red, or swollen? |
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Definition
| Injury, Immune, Infected, Inflammation |
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Term
| What is the purpose of ROM exercises? |
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Definition
-Maintain joint mobility
-Stimulate circulation, preventing thrombus and embolus formation
-Improve coordination
-Increase tolerance for more activity
-Maintain and build muscle strength
-Prevent contracture and atrophy of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
-Abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint, characterized by flexion and fixation
-Possibly caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers resulting from immobilization
-Can be from loss of the normal elasticity of connective tissues or the skin, as from the formation of extensive scar tissue over a joint |
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