Term
Obesity in adults. What range of BMI is considered overweight? |
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Definition
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Term
Obesity in adults.
What range of BMI is considered
obese? |
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Definition
| greater than or equal to 30. |
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Term
Obesity in adults.
What range of BMI is considered
morbidly obese? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for obesity in children |
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Definition
-parents overweight
-maternal smoking
-prolonged bottle feeding
-physical activity |
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Term
| adolescent assessment questions (HEADS) |
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Definition
How are things at home?
Education- school? grades?
Activities- what kind? affect, ambition, anger?
Drugs- do you use? alcohol?
Sex |
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Term
| CAGE questionnaire (ETOH, drugs) |
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Definition
have you ever been concerned about your drinking?
have you ever felt annoyed by criticism of your drinking?
have you ever felt guilty about your drinking or what you did while drinking?
have you ever felt the need for a morning eye-opener? (indicates physical dependence) |
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Term
| adolescent etoh/drug screen (RAFFT) |
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Definition
R: do you drink/do drugs to relax, fit in?
Alone?
Friends use?
Family member have a problem?
Trouble- have you ever gotten into trouble because... |
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Term
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Definition
-max score 30
-depressed/dementia pts score 24-30
-score of 20 or less is found with dementia, delirium, schizophrenia, & an affective disorder. |
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Term
| Montreal cognitive Assessment (MOCA) |
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Definition
-tool to screen for mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
-more sensitive for early or mild impairment.
-MCI is a risk factor for dementia
-Normal score is 26-30, lower score requires further investigation. |
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Term
| Beck Depression Inventory |
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Definition
-21 item self-report
-assess severity of depression in adults and kids 13+ with a dx of psychiatric illness.
-not a sole diagnostic measure.
-0-13 Minimal
-14-19 mild
-20-28 moderate
-29-63 severe |
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Term
| Primary prevention guidelines |
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Definition
can prevent disease by promoting healthier lifestyle, immunizations.
vaccines, exercise, protective gear, seatbelts, booster seats, condoms, dental, diet |
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Term
| Secondary prevention guidelines |
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Definition
enhances quality, appropriateness, and effectiveness of health services. Clinical guidelines.
examples: BP, Pap smears, mammograms, cholesterol screening, smoking cessation.
*find, prevent* |
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Term
| ABCDE approach to preventative cardiology |
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Definition
Assessment of risk
Antiplatelet therapy
Anticoagulation therapy
BP
Cholesterol
Cigarette smoking cessation
Diet & weight mgmt.
Diabetes prevention & Tx
Exercise |
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Term
| Risk factors for male breast cancer |
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Definition
-never married
-gynecomastia
-hx of testicular or liver pathology
-bone fracture after age 45.
-Klinefelter's syndrome |
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Term
| Benign breast disease (fibrocystic) |
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Definition
-50% of women have some form
-bilateral nodularity
-regular, firm, mobile, rubbery.
-pain may be dull & cyclic or not.
-cysts are discrete, fluid-filled sacs, must be investigated. |
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Term
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Definition
-solitary, unilateral mass
-solid, hard, dense, fixed to underlying tissue.
-boarders are poorly delineated.
-most commonly in upper, outer quadrant
-women 30-80 most common.
-increased risk 40-44, >50.
-as advances- axillary nodes, dimpling, nipple retraction, discharge. |
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Term
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Definition
-Malignant lesion of the areola and/or nipple.
-appears as scaly dermatitis of the nipple.
-itching, crusting, & eventually erosion.
-may occur without underlying mass.
-any redness or thickness of the nipple should be considered suspicious. |
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Term
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Definition
-solitary, non-tender mass.
-benign breast disease.
-round, oval, or lobulated 1-5 cm.
-freely moving, slipperly, slides throughout tissue.
-most common 15-30, but can occur up to 55.
-grows quickly & constantly
-dx biopsy |
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Term
| drugs associated with gynecomastia |
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Definition
-calcium channel blockers(nifedipine)
-Histamine 2 antagonists (cimetidine, omeprazole, ranitidine)
-ACE inhibitors (enalapril, captopril)
-diuretic with anti-androgenic action
(sprinolactone)
-various abx/amebocides/anti-Tb agents & anti-fungals (metronidazole, isoniazid, ketoconazole). |
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Term
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Definition
brassy: croup,tumor
moist: infection
pitch: high-airway constriction
low-secretions or inflammation.
Dry: ACE inhibitors, allergies, HIV.
Sputum: blood-tinged- pna, TB
green- production of neutrophils, infection.
brown/tan-smoking |
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Term
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Definition
calluses on knees.
associated with respiratory disease. |
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Term
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Definition
sunken sternum. Funnel chest- congenital, non symptomatic.
may impinge mechanically on heart. |
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Term
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Definition
protrusion of sternum.
pigeon breast.
congenital, non-symptomatic.
May see with rickets, acromegaly, marfan syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| <10/min=brady (hypothyroidism, drug induced depression of the medulla, increased ICP, diabetic coma.) |
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Term
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Definition
irreg. pattern normal 3-4 breaths followed by apnea.
cycles last 10 seconds to 1 minute.
seen in head trauma, brain abscess, heat stroke. |
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Term
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Definition
respirations wax & wane in a regular pattern.
-breaths 20-30 seconds with 20 seconds of apnea alternating.
-severe CHF, renal failure, meningitis, drug OD.
-normal in aging & infants with sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
>24/min=tachy.
-fever, fear, anxiety, insufficiency.
-hyperventilation: increased in depth & rate. extreme fear, exertion, DKA, ASA OD, hepatic coma, midbrain lesion, increased CO2. |
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Term
| Abnormal: increased fremitus- |
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Definition
-compression or consolidation of lung tissue.
*lobar pna
*sound is conducted better through solid. |
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Term
| Abnormal: increased fremitus- |
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Definition
-compression or consolidation of lung tissue.
*lobar pna
*sound is conducted better through solid. |
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Term
| Abnormal: decreased fremitus |
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Definition
-with obstruction
-effusion, pneumothorax, emphysema. |
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Term
| normal diaphragmatic excursion |
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Definition
3-5 cm
7-8 if well-conditioned. |
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Term
| Expected lung sounds: tracheal |
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Definition
| loud, high-pitched, I/E=tubular. |
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Term
| expected lung sounds: bronchial |
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Definition
over manubrium, loud, high-pitched.
E>I.
*abnormal when heard over vesicular areas as with consolidation (alveolar collapse, fluid-filled fibrosis). |
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Term
| expected sounds: bronchovesicular |
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Definition
| transitional, main bronchus area moderate pitch. I=E. |
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Term
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Definition
loudest over lower, anterior surfaces.
-caused by inflammation of pleural surfaces
-painful. |
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Term
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Definition
| dyspnea with minimal exertion (walking room to room). |
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Term
| Xanthoma of the inner canthus indicates... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| moderately loud, no palpable thrill. |
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Term
| Heart sounds: early diastolic sound that is best characterized as an opening snap. It is heard best just medial to the apex and along the lower left sternal border... |
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Definition
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Term
| Allen Test flush should be within how many seconds? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
closing of the mitral/tricuspid valves
*loudest at apex (mitral & tricuspid areas) |
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Term
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Definition
Closing of the aortic/pulmonic valves
loudest at base. |
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Term
| Canadian CV society classification for chest pain |
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Definition
Class 0: Asymptomatic (diabetic)
class 1:angina with strenuous exercise.
class 2: Angina with moderate exertion.
C3: angina with mild exertion (1-2 blocks at normal pace, climbing 1 flight of stairs at normal pace).
C4: angina at any level of exertion. |
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Term
| NY heart association classification for SOB (used in Heart failure patients) |
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Definition
1-no symptoms & no limits with norm activity.
2-mild symptoms, slight limitations
3-comfortable only at rest; marked limitation in activity do to symptoms .
4- severe limitations experience symptoms even at rest. mostly bedbound. |
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Term
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Definition
prior stroke, CHF, Hypertension, DM, 75+.
scores range 0-6
yearly risk of stroke 1.9-18.2%
*used to predict how high the risk is of not using anticoags.
-Coumadin reduces risk with afib by 66%, aspirin reduces by 25%. Do therapy for score of 1 or higher. |
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Term
| Splinter hemorrhages may indicate... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Location of thrill-over the base of the heart oat the 2nd intercostal space, just to the right of the sternum, during systole |
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Definition
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Term
| Thrill to the left of the sternum at the 2nd ICS. |
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Definition
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Term
| thrill at the apex of the heart during systole |
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Definition
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Term
| thrill to the left of the sternum at the 4th ICS |
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Definition
| small muscular ventral septal defect (Roger's disease VSD) |
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Term
| Negative Allen's test indicates... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
3.0 or less (2.5-4cm)
avg is 2.5
*may need surgery if greater than 5.5 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
-65
-smoking
-male
-1st degree relative
-auscultated bruit. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical interpretation of ABI |
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Definition
normal 1.0 or greater
at risk .9
boarderline ischemia: .6-.8
severe ischemia is <0.5 |
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Term
| Normal distance between JVP sternum |
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Definition
less than 4 cm.
*greater than 4 is JVD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Venticular gallop
-heard at apex
-occurs during diastole
-pathological if seen in CHF (wet)
-physiologic if seen in high flow states, under 30 (pregnant) |
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Term
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Definition
Always pathological.
atrial gallop
occurs with atrial contraction
found in stiff heart
*recent MI, HTN
*tricuspid or mitral. |
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Term
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Definition
midsystolic click
late murmur |
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Term
| Normal liver span in adults |
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Definition
| 4-8 cm midsternal, 6=12 right Midclavicular line. |
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Term
| positive family hx of colorectal cancer |
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Definition
choose one of the following
-colonoscopy every 10 years
-double-contrast barium enema every 3-5 years
-40 year old or 10 years before cancer was dx in the youngest affected family member, whichever is earlier. |
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Term
| Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer |
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Definition
-scope Q1-3 years
-genetic counseling/testing
-21 years to begin screening. |
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Term
| familial adenomatous polyposis |
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Definition
flex sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy every 1-2 years
-genetic counseling/testing
-screen at puberty. |
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Term
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Definition
-colonoscopy with biopsies for dysplasia every 1-2 years.
-7-8 years afer the dx of pancolitis
-12-15 years after the dx of left-sided colitis. |
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