Term
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Definition
External portion
Cartilage covered with skin
Funnels sound into the meatus of the external auditory canal |
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Term
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Definition
| External large rim of the auricle |
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Term
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Definition
| Stiff projection that protects anterior meatus |
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Term
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Definition
| Small flap of flesh at the inferior end of the auricle |
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Term
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Definition
Yellow-brown wax
Lubricate and protect the ear
Dry and gray in Asians and Native Americans
Moist and yellow-orange in African Americans and Caucasians |
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Term
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Definition
Eardrum
Separates middle and external ear
Sound waves enter, hit membrane, cause it to vibrate |
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Term
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Definition
Bones of middle ear: malleus, incus, stapes
Transfer vibrations to oval window of inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
Connects middle ear with the nasopharynx
Equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiraling chamber that contains receptors for hearing |
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Term
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Definition
Mucus-lined, air-filled cavities that surround nasal cavity
Perform filtration, moistening, and warming
Sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary |
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Term
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Definition
1. provide airway for respiration
2. filtering, warming, humidifying air flowing into respiratory tract
3. providing resonance for the voice
4. housing the receptors for olfaction |
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Term
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Definition
Cranial nerve IX bitter (back of tongue) and sour (sides of tongue).
Cranial nerve VII sweet (front of tongue) and salty (just behind sweet) |
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Term
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Definition
Hard and soft palate form roof of mouth
soft palate-no bony structure; moves with swallowing, breathing, and phonation |
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Term
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Definition
| Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands responsible for production of saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of high frequency tones, consistent with aging |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of external ear |
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Term
| Palpate auricle and push on tragus |
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Definition
| Pain could be otitis externa or indicate TMJ dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
Complication of either a middle ear infection or a throat infection.
Difficult to treat.
Spreads easily to the brain since mastoid area is separated from brain by thin, bony plate |
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Term
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Definition
Infants-pinna pulled down and back because of shorter, straight external ear canal.
Adults-pinna pulled up and back. |
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Term
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Definition
If ear canal is occluded with cerumen, it must be removed with cerumen spoon.
If dry, external canal should be irrigated using bulb syringe and warmed solution of mineral oil and H2O2, followed by warm water. |
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Term
| Examining tympanic membrane |
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Definition
Should be flat, gray, and translucent with no scars.
Cone-shaped reflection of light visible at 5:00 in right ear, 7:00 in left ear.
White patches=scars from prior infection.
Yellow or reddish=acute infection of middle ear.
Bulging=increased pressure
Retracted=vacuum in middle ear due to blocked eustachian tube |
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Term
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Definition
while looking at tympanic membrane ask client to close lips, pinch nose, blow nose.
Assess moility of tympanic membrane and patency of eustachian tubes.
TM should flutter toward otoscope |
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Term
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Definition
Evaluates hearing high-frequency sounds.
Cover one ear, stand 1-2 feet from client, whisper simple phrase. Ask client to repeat. Repeat on other ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission of sound through TM to cochlea and auditory nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmission of sound through the bones of the skull to the cochlea and auditory nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Compares air and bone conduction.
Strike tuning fork to get vibrating. Place base of fork on mastoid process until client can't hear sound. Put vibrating tines in front of external auditory meatus until client can't hear sound.
Normal is AC 30 seconds, BC 15 seconds.
Conductive hearing loss if BC>AC |
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Term
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Definition
Activate tuning fork, place base against client's skull, midline of anterior portion of frontal bone is used; ask if sound is heard equally on both sides.
Normal: "no lateralization"
Abnormal: "Sound lateralizes to R/L side" |
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Term
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Definition
Assess equilibrium
Stand with feet together and arms at sides, first with eyes opened and then with eyes closed; wait 20 seconds.
Mild swaying=negative Romberg
big sway=positive Romberg (may be problem with functioning of the vestibular apparatus)
*stand nearby for support if loss of balance |
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Term
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Definition
| If breathing is noisy or discharge present, patient may have obstruction or infection |
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Term
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Definition
Press on one nares and ask client to breathe in.
Severe inflammation or obstruction may be present |
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Term
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Definition
mucosa swollen and red=URI
pale and boggy or swollen=chronic allergies
deviated septum=irregular lump in one nares |
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Term
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Definition
| Tenderness may indicate chronic allergies or sinusitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain may indicate sinus fullness, allergies, or infection |
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Term
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Definition
| lesions or blisters may be from herpes simplex virus, AKA fever blisters or cold sores |
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Term
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Definition
smooth, coated or hairy tongue=dehydration or disease
small tongue=undernutrition
tremor of tongue=dysfunction of hypoglossal nerve
cancerous lesions occur on sides or base of tongue
gums diseased if bleeding, retraction or overgrowth |
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Term
| Inspection of salivary glands |
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Definition
Wharton's ducts=submandibular
Stensen's ducts=parotid
Sublingual ducts not visible
Pain or lack of saliva=infection or obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
Clients with diabetic acidosis have a sweet fruity breath.
Clients with kidney disease smells like ammonia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bluish tinge to TM; presence of blood in middle ear; caused by traume |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of outer ear (swimmers ear); redness and swelling of auricle and ear canal; itching, fever, enlarged lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of middle ear; red, bulging eardrum, fever, hearing loss; absent light reflex; |
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Term
| Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane |
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Definition
rupturing of the eardrum due to trauma or infection.
During otoscopic inspection, the perforation may be seen as a dark spot on the eardrum. |
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Term
| Scarred Tympanic Membrane |
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Definition
| Condition in which the eardrum has white patches of scar tissue due to repeated ear infections. |
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Term
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Definition
Small white nodules on the helix or antihelix.
Contain uric acid crystals and are a sign of gout. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nosebleed. Trauma, rhinitis, hypertension. |
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Term
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Definition
Nasal inflammation. Due to viral infection or allergy.
Watery and copious discharge, sneezing, and congestion.
Acute rhinitis=virus
Allergic rhinitis=allergens |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the sinuses following URI.
Causes facial pain, inflammation, and discharge.
Fever, chills, frontal headache. |
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Term
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Definition
Slight ingrowth of the lower nasal septum.
One nasal cavity appears to have an outgrowth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pale, round, firm, nonpainful overgrowth of nasal mucosa usually caused by chronic allergic rhinitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hole in the septum caused by chronic infection, trauma, and sniffing cocaine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixation of the tip of the tongue to the floor of the mouth due to shortened lingual frenulum. |
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Term
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Definition
Temporary condition caused by the inhibition of normal bacteria and the overgrowth of fungus on the papillae of the tongue.
Usually associated with use of antibiotics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of the gums frequently seen in pregnancy, in leukemia, or prolonged use of Dilantin. |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the gums.
Caused by poor dental hygiene or deficiency of vitamin C. |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the tonsils.
Throat is red and tonsils are swollen.
Lymph nodes in the cervical chain may be enlarged.
May have high fever. |
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Term
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Definition
Result of vitamin B and iron deficiency.
Surface of tongue is smooth and red with a shiny appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
Virus accompanied by clear vesicles (cold sores/fever blisters).
Vesicles erupt, crust, and heal within 2 weeks.
Recur after heavy exposure to bright sunlight. |
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Term
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Definition
Whitish thickening of the mucous membrane in the mouth or tongue. Cannot be scraped off.
Associated with heavy smoking or drinking; precancerous. |
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