Term
| The primary responsibility of the respiratory system is |
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Definition
| the exchange of gases in the body. |
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Term
| Which body systems influcence gas exchange? |
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Definition
| Nervous system, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system |
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Term
| At what ratio of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions does the respiratory system help to maintain the acid-base balance? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what level does the respiratory system maintain the plasma pH level? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three sections of the thoracic cavity? |
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Definition
| Mediastinum and the right & left pleural cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveoli level of the lung |
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Term
|
Definition
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level |
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Term
| Average length and diameter of the trachea |
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Definition
| 4" long and 1" in diameter |
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Term
| How many rings of hyaline cartilage does the trachea contain? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the purpose of the hyaline carilage rings surrounding the trachea? |
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Definition
| To help maintain the shape of the trachea and to prevent its collapse during inspiration and expiration. |
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Term
|
Definition
- The last tracheal carilage
- Separates the openings of the two main bronchi
- Its membrane is most sensitive to foreign substances
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Term
| Diameter of terminal bronchioles |
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Definition
| Less than 0.5 mm (0.019 in) |
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Term
| Characteristics of left lung |
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Definition
- Two lobes (upper & lower)
- Longer and narrower than right lobe
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|
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Term
|
Definition
| separates the two lobes of the left lung |
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Term
| Characteristics of right lung |
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Definition
- Three lobes (upper, middle, lower)
- Slightly larger, wider, and shorter than left lung
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|
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Term
| horizontal and oblique fissures |
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Definition
| separate three lobes of the right lung |
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Term
| What characteristic of the alveoli permit simple diffusion and gas exchanges to occur? |
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Definition
| The single layer of cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| a thin, double0layered, serous membran that lines each pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
produced by the pleura to act as a lubricant to allow lungs to glide during respiratory cycle
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Term
| What helps keep the lungs expanded during the respiratory cycle? |
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Definition
- Surface tension created by the pleural fluid
- Negative pressure between the parietal and visceral membranes
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|
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Term
|
Definition
- the middle section of the thoracic cavity
- surrounded by the right and left pleural cavities
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Term
|
Definition
- thoracic cage (internal & external intercostal)
- diaphragm
- neck (trapezius, scalene, sternocleidomastoid)
- abdomen (rectus)
- chest (pectorals)
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Term
| How many pairs of ribs are there? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which ribs articulate directly with the sternum? |
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Definition
| the first seven pairs of ribs |
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Term
| Two phases of the respiratory cycle |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| shortness of breath or difficulty breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
| anterior, middle, and posterior |
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Term
|
Definition
| manubrium, body, and xiphoid process |
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Term
|
Definition
| the depression at the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum (aka suprasternal notch) |
|
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Term
Angle of Louis
(or sternal angle) |
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Definition
The horizontal ridge formed where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum.
Indicates location of 2nd rib and 2nd intercostal space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| formed by the xiphoid process and the inferior borders of the seventh ribs |
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Term
| Findings above the clavicles will be considered... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Findings below the clavicles will be considered... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the first seven ribs that articulate with the sternum |
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Term
| How is each intercostal space identified? |
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Definition
| by the rib number superior to it |
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Term
| How are ribs best palpated? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many and which vertical lines are identified of the anterior aspect of the thoracic cage? |
|
Definition
- Right anterior axillary line (Right AAL)
- Righ midclavicular line
- Midsternal line
- Left midclavicular line
- Left anterior axillary line (Left AAL)
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|
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Term
| How many and which vertical lines are identified of the posterior aspect of the thoracic cage? |
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Definition
- Left posterior axillary line (Left PAL)
- Left scapular line
- Vertebral line (or midspinous line)
- Right scapular line
- Right posterior axillary line (Right PAL)
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Term
| How many and which vertical lines are identified of the lateral aspect of the thoracic cage? |
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Definition
- Anterior axillary line (AAL)
- Midaxillary line (forms the frontal plane)
- Posterior axillary line (PAL)
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|
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Term
| Using landmarks, where does the trachea bifurcate? |
|
Definition
Anteriorly: at the angle of Louis
Posteriorly: between the 3rd and 5th thoracic vertebrae |
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