Term
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Definition
| A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely th absence of disease or infirmity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness, or other environmental factors. |
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Term
| Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) |
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Definition
| A measure of burden of disease, based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill health and mortality. |
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Term
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Definition
| An indication of how long a person can expect to live. |
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Term
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Definition
| An idividual's or a population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease and risk factors. |
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Term
Dimensions of Health
Physical
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Definition
| Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fittness. |
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Term
Dimensions of Health
Social
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Definition
| Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way. |
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Term
Dimensions of Health
Mental
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Definition
| State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to their community. |
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Term
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Definition
The best possible state of an idividual's health for their age.
• The interrelationship between the dimensions of health |
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Term
Under Five Mortality Rate
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Definition
| Number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group |
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Term
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Definition
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease or disability.
•Measures in a unit called DALY |
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Term
| Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) |
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Definition
| A measure of burden of disease- one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of life lost due to death. |
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Term
| Years Lost due to Disability |
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Definition
| The non-fatal component of the disease burden and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to diseases or injuries. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at any given time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time. |
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Term
Determinants of Health
Physical Environment
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Definition
Physical surroundings in which we live, work & play.
• Air, water and sanitation quality
• Infrastructure- roads and buildings, including housing
• Natural environment- climate change and natural disasters
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Term
Determinants of Health
Biological
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Definition
Factors relating to the body that impact on health.
• Genetics
• Body weight
• Blood cholesterol, impaired glucose regulation and blood pressure
• Birth weight |
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Term
Determinants of Health
Behavioural
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Definition
Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health.
• Tabacco use, excessive alcohol use and illicit drug use
• Physical activity level
• Food intake
• Immunisation
• Sun-protection behaviour
• Road safety behaviour
• Sexual behaviour |
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Term
Determinants of Health
Social
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Definition
Aspects of society and the social envrionment that impact on health.
• Socioeconomic status
• Type of work and employment security
• Food security
• Early life experiences |
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Term
| Biomedical Model of Health |
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Definition
| Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A conceptual framework within which imporvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order for health gains to occur, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed. |
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Term
| Principles of Social Model of Health |
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Definition
- Address the broarder determinants of health beyond the individual
- Act to Reduce social inequities.
- Empower individuals and the community
- Enable Acess to healthcare
- Involve Inter-Sectoral collaboration of healthcare
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to health development by the World Health Organization which attempts to reduce inequalities in health. Was developed from the social model of health and defines health promotion as the 'process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health'. Identifies three basic strategies for health promotion, Enabling, Mediating and Advocay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Health promotion focuses on equity and aims to reduce differences in health status to ensure equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to reach their fullest health potential. Individuals cannot reach their full health potential if they cannot control the things that influence or determine their health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Optimal health cannot be ensured by the health sector alone, and health promition requires the coordinated action by all levels of government, the health sector, non-government organisations, industry and media. |
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Term
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Definition
| Health promotion aims to make the political, enconomic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors favourable through advocacy for health. |
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Term
Elements for the Ottawa Charter
Build Healthy Public Policy
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Definition
| Relates to decisions made by governmnts and organisations in relation to healthcare policy, rules and regulations. Includes changes in policy that will help to make healthier choices easier and contribute to healthier, safer, cleaner and more enjoyable serivces and environments. |
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Term
Elements of the Ottawa Charter
Create Supportive Environments |
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Definition
Involves building links between individuals and their environments (economic, physical and social) through taking care of one another, communities, and natural resources.
Promoting environments that encourage safe, stimulating and enjoyable living and working conditions so individuals can reach their full potential. |
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Term
Elements of the Ottawa Charter
Strengthen Community Action
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Definition
Requires communities working together to set priorities, make decisions, and plan and implement strategies that will help them achieve better health. Strategies that focus on community action lead to empowerment of that community and improved outcomes as a result of the ownership of their strategies.
(like schools or whatevs) |
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Term
Elements of the Ottawa Charter
Develop Personal Skills |
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Definition
| Involves an individual gaining life skills and information through health promotion and education and is the desired outcome of many health promotion programs. This will enable individuals to make choices that will enhance their health and to take control over their own health. |
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Term
Elements of the Ottawa Charter
Reorient Health Services
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Definition
Involves individuals, community groups, health professionals and the government working together to achieve a healthcare system that promotes health. The idea is for groups to work together to support healthcare professionals in moving beyond providing biomedical services and placing a stronger emphasis on health promotion.
(i.e telling women to have pap smears to protect themselves from cervical cancer) |
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Term
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Definition
• Promote healthy Eating
• Encourage regular physical Activity
• Prevent Tabaccouse
• Prevent harm from Alcohol
• Improve Mentalwellbeing |
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Term
| Values that underpin Australia's health system |
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Definition
Safe
Effective
Efficient
Continuous
Accessible
Responsive
Sustainable
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Term
Values that underpin Australia's Health System
Safe
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Definition
| The avoidance or reduction to acceptable limits of actual or potential harm from healthcare management or the environment in which healthcare is delivered. |
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Term
Values that underpin Australia's Health System
Effective
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Definition
| Care, intervention or action that achieves the desired outcome; is relevant to the patient's needs and meets the required standard. |
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Term
Values that underpin Australia's Health System
Efficient
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Definition
| Care, intervention or action achieves the desired results with the most cost-effective use of resources. |
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Term
Values that underpin Australia's Health System
Continuous
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Definition
| Ability to provide uninterrupted, coordinated care or service across programs, practitioners, organisations and levels over time. |
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Term
Values that underpin Australia's Health System
Accessible
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Definition
| Ability of people to obtain healthcare at the right place and right time irrespective of income, physical location and cultural background. |
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Term
Values that underpin Australia's Health System
Responsive
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Definition
| Servics are client-orientated. Clients are treated with dignity and confidentiality, and encouraged to particupate in choices related to their care. |
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Term
Values that underpin Australia's Health System
Sustainable
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Definition
| Capacity of the system to sustain workforce and infrastructure, to innovate and respond to emerging needs. |
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Term
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Definition
A-Very low child mortality; very low adult mortality
B-Low child mortality; low adult mortality
C-Low child mortality; high adult mortality
D-High child mortality; High adult mortality
E-High child mortality; very high adult mortality |
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Term
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Definition
| Meeting the needs of the present without comprimising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. |
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Term
Objectives of Sustainable Development
Social
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Definition
To achieve social sustainability:
• Empower people to take control of their lives
• Respect the values and knowledge of people
• Promote equity by including all people in decisions and activities that will impact on their community
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Term
Objectives of Sustainable Development
Economic
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Definition
To achieve economic sustainability:
• Ensure employment opportunities and the payment of a fair wage for goods and services
• Promote economic growth at a national and international level
• Invest in education and improve the skills and knowledge of the workforce |
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Term
Objectives of Sustainable Development
Environmental
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Definition
To achieve environmental sustainability:
• Protect natural resources
• Reduce energy usage and promote greater efficiency in the use of energy
• Reduce pollution
• Encourage industry and agriculture to use natural resources responsibly |
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Term
Essential elements of sustainability
Equity |
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Definition
• Must be available and meet the needs of all of the people in the local community including women
• Must reach those most in need |
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Term
Essential elements of sustainability
Affordability |
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Definition
• Must focus on education
• Must be affordable for the community long term |
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Term
Essential elements of sustainability
Appropriateness |
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Definition
• Needs to empower people
• Must respect cultural values
• Must be accssible for all |
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Term
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Definition
| Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. It is about expanding people's choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health, and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Sustainable Human Development |
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Definition
| Refers to a process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead more productive lives, expand their choices and meet their needs without comprimising the opportunities for future generations to meet their own needs. |
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