Term
|
Definition
- Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure
- Body Mass Index (BMI)
- Wasit Circumference
|
|
|
Term
| Determinants of Body Weight |
|
Definition
- Individual Factors
- Social Factors
- Environmental Factors
- Lifestyle/Behavioral Factors
|
|
|
Term
| Composite Measures of the Built Enviornment |
|
Definition
- Walkability Index
- Walkscore
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sum of influences that the surroundings, opportunities, or conditions of life have on promoting obesity in individuals or populations |
|
|
Term
| Measures of the Built Environment |
|
Definition
- Density
- Diversity
- Design
- Destination Accessibility
- Distance to Transit
- Demand Management
|
|
|
Term
| Neighborhood features that make up the built environment |
|
Definition
- Recreational resources (diversity)
- Land use characteristics (diversity and density)
- Neighborhood form characteristics (design)
- Community environment characteristics
|
|
|
Term
| Physical Activity Index (Three Categories) |
|
Definition
- Active
- Moderate
- Sedentary
|
|
|
Term
| Relationship Betwen Mean BMI and Urban Sprawl |
|
Definition
- BMI goes up with more sprawl in metropolitan areas
- There is inequality between men and women
|
|
|
Term
| Why do we longitudinal analysis? |
|
Definition
- There are time-varying characteristics (weight/eincome/ environment)
- Takes out the fixed, non-varying characteristics out of the model to give better estimates
|
|
|
Term
| Obesity and Urban Sprawl in Canada |
|
Definition
- Montreal: island city, dense dwelling oportunities in the downtown area, leads to least sprawling
- Western cities and those communities with econmies tied to natural resources
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Urban sprawl contributes to obesity
- development of disperse patterns of area
- long commutes, car-dependent suburban neighborhoods
|
|
|
Term
| Obesity is Socially Patterned |
|
Definition
- The more women are educated, the less obese they are
|
|
|
Term
| Levels of Health Care Provision |
|
Definition
• Primary: preventative health/health promotion (ex family physician)
• Secondary: curative medicine (mostly hospital settings)
• Tertiary: cancer centers, cardiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Collectivist: pay into a system and all benefit
o Ex. Canadian Universal Health Care
• Anti-collectivist: pay individually for what you want
o Ex USA
• 1. Private Health Care insurance companies
• 2. Medicare: senior citizens
• 3. Medicaid: Poor people |
|
|
Term
| Criteria for making decisions about health care provision |
|
Definition
o Efficient
o Effective
o Equality
o Need
o Equitable |
|
|
Term
| Need vs Demand of health care |
|
Definition
o It is different form developing to developed countries
o Ex. Expressed need in Canada “waiting lists”
o Ex. Expressed need in USA “de-listing” what was formally under3 insurance coverage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| o Developing areas have 18% of world’s income, 11% of global health spending and has 93% of disease burden |
|
|
Term
| Scale and location of health facilities |
|
Definition
| o One big health facility vs many smaller health centers |
|
|
Term
| Location Allocation Models |
|
Definition
o Ex where to locate emergency ambulance services
o Can be done using GIS |
|
|
Term
| Accessibility to Health Services |
|
Definition
o Broader definition than mere availability of services
o Mutual attitudes of clients and providers
o Physical: service exists, user has means to reach it
o Socio-economic: includes the financial, psychological, informational and social aspects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Can be defined as “Revealed accessibility”
o Barrier to utilization= financial |
|
|
Term
| Barriers to Universal Health Care |
|
Definition
o Physicians tend to locate in more prestigious areas of major cities
o Added expenses of health care visit like loss of income and transportation |
|
|
Term
| Case study: Breast cancer screening facility |
|
Definition
| o Mortality attributed to delayed diagnosis and limited utilization of routine screening in low SES groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Canada with universal health care spends half as much on health care per capita as the US yet Canadians live 2-3 years longer
o Lasser et al: with the exception of smoking rates higher in Canada, Americans were more obese, inactive and had more chronic disease than Canadians
o More US respondents reported unmet health care needs but the reason differed-for Americans it’s money, for Canadians it’s wait times |
|
|
Term
| Why might BMI not be a perfect measure? |
|
Definition
| Doesn't take into account for muscle mass (can have little fat in body but still be heavy) |
|
|
