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Definition
| Characterized by instinctive need, physiological regulator. 20 min. time delay |
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| Emotional sensation associated with desire for certain food. |
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Definition
| Shrinks stomach to small pouch (2-4 tbls.). Average weight loss of 100lbs. Most will maintain 50% weight loss for 5 years after surgery. |
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Definition
| Sense of fullness (opposite of hunger |
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Term
| 3 sources that trigger hunger |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus, Limbic System, Cortex of Cerebrum |
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Term
| Average amount of weight gained back in quick fix weight loss program. |
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Definition
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Term
| Central element to diabetes |
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Definition
| Elevated blood glucose (result of not enough insulin and/or insulin resistance) |
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Term
| 2 essential fatty acids in diet |
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Definition
| Linoleic and alpha linoleic acid |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Narrowing of blood vessels, inadequate circulation to all parts of heart. Almost always due to to a narrowing of arteries leading to heart due to plaque (deposits of cholesterol, fats, calcium and cell materials). Risk for men and women alike. Diabetes, obesity, high blood tri./ increased age strong risk factors for heart disease in women. Increases substantially after menopause around 50. Due to decrease in estrogen and HDL-C which increases LDL. Almost always have higher HDL premenopause. |
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| Cause of large initial weight loss |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Essential organic material for growth and maintenance.
Water or fat soluble. Provide no energy, just facilitate release of energy.
1. Body can't produce enough of compound
2. Absence causes deficiency symptoms.
3. Evidence health declines when absent, but increases when reintroduced (positive reversibility). |
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Term
| 2 main reasons for nutritional misinformation |
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Definition
| Personal convictions and profit |
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Term
| Definition of immune system |
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Definition
| Body tissues that provide protection against bacteria/virus etc. |
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Term
| Difference between vitamin A and D |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Average weight loss from gastric bypass |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chest pain. Roughly 50% blockage, sign of heart attack |
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Definition
| Most popular claim. Must be less than 3 grams of fat per serving. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Hormone that decreases appetite |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Carb containing food have range of effects on bg -- some cause rapid rise. Value determined by elevation of bg after ingestion of 50g of food.
High: french bread 95, potato 85, fries 75
Medium: Popcorn
Low |
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| How to calculate glycemic load |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Abnormally low blood sugar, thought to be rare, often not diagnosed. Can be caused by insulin secreting tumors.
Causes weakness, nervousness, confusion, irritability. Stops 5-15min after glucose intake. |
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Definition
| Blood supply cut off (heart disease is the narrowing of blood supply) when clot forms. |
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| What impacts blood cholesterol |
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Definition
| Dietary intake (high sat. fat, high fat milk, cheese, eggs, beef), common behavior (smoking, sedentary life style). Responds less to dietary intake than to trans/sat fat intake. |
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Term
| Difference between histimine and antihistimine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Waxy lipid, ring structure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fat soluble vs. water soluble vitamins |
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Definition
| Fat soluble vitamins can cause toxicity in high amounts |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple (mono/di), complex (poly) |
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Term
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Definition
Antioxidant. Gets rid of free radicals (negatively charged particles that cause DNA mutations).
Major source: Plant oil, asparagus, leafy greens, tomatoes, nuts almonds, sunflower seeds.
Vit. E destroyed with oxygen and repeated deep frying. |
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Term
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Definition
Yellow. Used with oxygen demanding pathways. Also antioxidant.
Inflammation of mouth/tongue, dermititis, cracking, sensitivity to sun, confusion, forgetfulness.
Sources: Milk, meat, eggs, leafy grees, asparagus. |
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Term
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Definition
Produced when UV-B hits skin. Calcium Absorption (soft bones), creation of skin cells, aids immune system. Gatekeeper. Skin cells, bone, prostate, ovary, breast, immune system, BP.
Symptoms: Rickets -- poor mineralization of new bones (osteomalacia). Aging lowers vit D production by 70% by age 70. Roles in 2k genes. Lowers cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Taken off market because known carcinogen. 300X sweeter than sucrose. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most common lipid in body |
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Definition
| Bombarding atoms with hydrogen so nothing else can bond to it |
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Term
| 8 roles of fatty acids and triglycerides |
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Definition
| Energy storage, hormone production, insulation, transport fat soluble vitamins |
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Definition
height/weight relationship. Know pros and cons.
25 - overweight
30 - obese
35 - 40 - morbidly obese |
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Term
| Methods of determining fat content |
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Definition
| Underwater, bodpod, Callipers |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy content in food. 1 calorie is amount of energy needed to raise 1L H2O by 1 degree C. |
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Term
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Definition
HDL -- Good. Helps remove cholesterol from blood by escorting to liver for secretion. High levels protect against heart disease.
LDL -- Bad. More cholesterol than HDL, can form plaque. Antioxidants can be used to reduce oxidation of LDL (E and especially C). |
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Term
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Definition
B complex vitamin. Prevents atherosclerosis by lowering homocysteine.
2 forms -- natural (in veggies/fruits), and synthetic folic acids (supplement). |
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Term
| Drop in cholesterol in US adults over past 5 years |
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Definition
| 240mg to 203mg. Lowered heart disease 50%, but still a big problem. Every 1% decline produces 2% decline in rate of heart disease. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Good for heart. Fatty fish from cold water high in DHA and EPA (omega 3 fatty acids) which protect from heart disease by lowering tendency of blood clotting (lowers bp and triglycerides) |
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Term
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Definition
| (or breast feeding) -- dont eat swordfish, shark, mackerel and tilefish because mercury sucks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct relationship between nuts and lower heart disease. Have good fats that lower LDL-C. |
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Term
| Diet that lowers risk of heart disease will... |
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Definition
Provide 20-35% total carbs from fat, 10-25 from protein and 45-65 from carbs.
Emphasize healthy fats, limit unhealthy ones
high fiber (35gM/25gF)
3 servings veggies, 2 of fruits
whole grain and nuts
400mg folic acid
spreads with plant stanols/sterols |
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Term
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Definition
Help vision (light/dark contrast, prevent nightblindness). Makes mucus in eye (dry eye = xerophthalmia. Helps cardiovascular disease prevention, lung and oral cancer.
Sources: Liver, fish oil, spinach, milk, eggs.
Also a hormone. Liver/kidneys essential in synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced when UV-B rays hit skin. Regulates Ca |
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Term
| Average child sees x food ads per year |
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Definition
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Term
| Food industry spends x on ads |
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Definition
| $1.4B. A quarter of which have no nutritional info. |
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Definition
72% are heavy users
22% are super heavy users |
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Definition
| Make sure government doesn't pass legislation hurting them |
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Term
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Definition
K for "klotting." Activates proteins present in bones kidneys, muscles. Lack can cause hip fractures and bone weakness.
Sources -- leafy greens, liver, soybeans, canola oil, fortified chocolate. |
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Term
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Definition
Water soluble (Thiamine B-1). Release of energy from carbs. Deficiency causes beri beri -- lack of energy. Weakness, loss of appetite, nervous tingle, poor coordination, deep muscle pain.
Sources -- pork, whole grains, green beans, OJ, organ meats, peanuts, seeds. |
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Term
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Definition
B3. Metabolic pathways for energy release.
Pellagra -- rough skin, painful to touch.
Dimentia, diarrhea, dermititis, death.
Sources: Leafy greens, poultry, cereals, wheat bran, tuna. |
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Term
| Body uses energy from food to... |
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Definition
| fuel muscular activity, growth, tissue repair, maintenance, process nutrients, |
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Term
| 3 Categories of metabolism |
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Definition
Basal (60-80) -- breathing, heart, brain, neurons, muscle, bone renewal.
Physical activity
Dietary thermogenesis -- Energy required to break down components.
Body weight X 11 = needed daily calories. |
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Term
| Other factors determining caloric need |
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Definition
Physical Activity
Muscle mass
heiht
health status
genetic traits |
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Term
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Definition
inactive (less than 2 hours activity): 30%
average (2-4): 50%
Active (4+): 75% |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of calories needed for eating, transport, swallowing, digesting, etc. Some escapes through heat. Calories spent on heat is 10% |
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Term
| Carbs, protein, and fat calorie content |
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Definition
Carbs: 4 cals/g
Protein: 4 cals/g
Fat: 9 cals/g |
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Term
| Number of weight loss products/services available |
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Definition
| 29k. Dont change long term behavior and 90-95% weight losers gain it back. Most believe product must be effective to be on market. Not true, and laws don't protect against this. Fiber pills obstruct digestive tract, surgery is dangerous, diet pills ca cause heart problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some health risks, diet not long term. Positive effect on lipids/glucose/insulin and blood pressure. Not recommended for peeps with liver/kidney problems. Leaves glycogen stores empty which can cause nausea headache decreased stamina and lowered concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Should be closel watched. Increases stress on GI tract -- intestinal starvation, can't produce mucus on cell lining, can become infected. |
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Term
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Definition
| last resort, reserved for those with BMI 40+, or 35yrs + and immediate risk. |
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Term
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Definition
| $3000 (depending on fat). Thighs, hips, arms, back, chin can be partially removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| In all cases, high blood glucose levels caused by ineffective supply or use of insulin. Control with complex carbs, whole grain, cereals, fiber, veggies/fruits, regular meals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone produced in pancreas that performs many functions, one of which is to reduce blood glucose levels after meals. Facilitates passage of glucose into cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most likely with obese people, and young people. People with pre-diabetes usually have insulin resistance. Pancreas makes more insulin to get more insulin into cells, pancreas cells can get tired over time. |
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Term
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Definition
Results from deficiency. Have to check blood several times per day. Loss of 10-15lbs benefits blood glucose control in obese peeps significantly.
Can also be genetic -- insulin deficiency appears to stem from a viral infection or allergic reactions that hurt pancreas. |
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Term
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Definition
3-6% preggers get it.
Native Americans, blacks, people 35+, obese, low level activity at higher risk. Babies born to women with poorly controlled diabetes are FAT. |
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Term
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Definition
| (GI)(cals)/100 = GL Eat low GI foods with type II diabetes. |
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Term
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Definition
Adverse Reaction to normally harmless substance in food involving immune system.
1-2% adults have it, 60% claims unconfirmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adverse reaction to normally harmless substances that do not involve immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Components that trigger immune system. Highly sensitive people can have reaction triggered just by being in same room. |
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Term
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Definition
Forms in response to allergens, promotes immuno response. Upon second appearance, body sees antibodies and secrete histimines. Exposure to allergens can cause anaphylactic shock.
Infants and children get this more. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin prick, finds absence of, test isn't proof because tests are inaccurate half the time. |
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Term
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Definition
| radioallergosorbent test. Blood test to determine allergies. |
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