Term
| 1st part of subclavian artery |
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Definition
between origin and medial border of anterior scalene
from this section arises vertebral, internal thoracic, and thyrocervical trunk |
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Term
| 2nd part of subclavian artery |
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Definition
posterior to anterior scalene muscle
from this section arises costocervical artery |
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Term
| 3rd part of subclavian artery |
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Definition
lateral border of anterior scalene to outer border of 1st rib
from this section arises the dorsal scapular artery |
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Term
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Definition
arterial anastomosis between the carotid vessels and vertebrobasilar vessels
formed by union of posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral, anterior communicating and basilar arteries
provides collateral circulation in event of arterial obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
terminal branch of facial artery
located near medial angle of eye |
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Term
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Definition
formed by union of supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
continues down face as facial vein |
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Term
| anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries |
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Definition
branches of ophthalmic artery
course with corresponding nerves into corresponding foramina
supply sphenoid sinus, ethmoidal air cells, and nasal cavity |
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Term
| anterior division of retromandibular vein |
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Definition
| units with facial vein to form the common facial vein |
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Term
| anterior ethmoidal air cells |
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Definition
| drain into anterior aspect of semilunar hiatus |
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Term
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Definition
formed by union of small veins beneath chin
descend as pair of veins near midline of neck
pass behind SCM to empty into external jugular vein |
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Term
| ascending pharyngeal artery |
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Definition
slender branch that arises from medial aspect of ECA
ascends along lateral surface of pharyngeal wall |
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Term
| basilar and marginal sinuses |
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Definition
located within dura on the clivus and margin of foramen magnum
communicate with vertebral plexus of veins |
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Term
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Definition
formed by union of vertebral arteries on the ventral surface of the pons
terminates by dividing into right and left posterior cerebral arteries
connect to ICA via posterior communicating arteries |
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Term
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Definition
branch of maxillary artery in infratemporal fossa
courses with buccal nerve (V3)
supplies skin and mucous membrane of cheek |
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Term
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Definition
small ovoid vascular structue located on medial side of bifurcation of CCA
contains chemoreceptors that respond to changes in oxygen levels of blood
innervated by CN IX (main) and CN X |
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Term
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Definition
slight dilatation in wall of common carotid near origin of ICA
contains baroreceptors
responds to changes in blood pressure
innervated by CN IX (main) and CN X |
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Term
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Definition
located along lateral wall of body of sphenoid
receives superior ophthalmic vein from orbit anteriorly
drains posteriorly to superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
communicates with pterygoid venous plexus via emissary veins through foramen ovale
communicates via venous channels to opposite side sinus
lateral wall contains OTOM and ICA and abducens transverse medially through sinus |
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Term
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Definition
branch of ophthalmic artery to retina
penetrates meningeal coverings of optic nerve
courses within it to back of eye at the optic disk
divides into four branches that supply the quadrants of the retina |
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Term
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Definition
right arises from braciocephalic trunk
left arises from aortic arch
then ascend lower neck medial to IJV within carotid sheath
dive near upper border of thyroid cartilage into internal and external branches |
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Term
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Definition
originates near submandibular gland by union of anterior division of retromandibular vein and facial vein
empties into IJV |
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Term
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Definition
common junction of superior sagittal, straight, occipital, and transverse sinuses
located in internal occipital protuberance |
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Term
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Definition
branch of subclavian in 2nd part
arises from posterior surface of subclavian
divides into supreme intercostal artery |
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Term
| deep cervical lymph nodes |
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Definition
organized chain of nodes deep to SCM in association with IJV
receives ipsilateral of lateral margin of posterior 1/3rd, contralateral of medial portion of tongue, and receives from submandibular nodes
contain: jugulodigastric node and jugulo-omohyoid node
jugular trunks take lymph to thoracic duct on left and right lymphatic duct on right |
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Term
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Definition
formed by medial confluence of pterygoid venous plexus
communicates between facial vein and pterygoid venous plexus |
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Term
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Definition
branches of maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa
enter deep surface of temporalis muscle and supply it |
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Term
deep transverse cervical artery
(dorsal scapular artery) |
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Definition
branch of transverse cervical after it crosses posterior triangle or branch of subclavian artery in 3rd section
courses deep to levator scapulae and rhomboids
runs with dorsal scapular nerve |
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Term
| descending palatine artery |
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Definition
branch of maxillary artery in pterygopalatine fossa
passes inferiorly from fossa to palate via greater palatine canal (with GPN and LPN, V2 branches)
divides into greater and lesser palatine arteries |
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Term
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Definition
anastomotic venous channels within the diploe of skull
make connections with extracranial veins and intracranial sinuses (indirectly) |
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Term
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Definition
branch of ophthalmic artery
emerges through medial aspect of upper eyelid in company with infratrochlear nerve
anastomses with angular artery |
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Term
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Definition
| venous channels that directly connect extracranial veins with intracranial venous sinuses through existing foramina |
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Term
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Definition
composed of 10-15 small air cells within the ethmoid bone
divided into anterior, middle and posterior groups of air cells
innervated by anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
branch of CCA, medial
gives rise to superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries |
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Term
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Definition
arises near the angle of the mandible from the retromandibular and posterior auricular veins
descends diagonally across the SCM into posterior cervical triangle (with greater auricular nerve)
empties into subclavian vein with inferior posterior triangle |
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Term
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Definition
arises from anterior ECA immediately superior to the lignual artery
runs deep to posterior digastric and stylohyoid mm and submandibular gland
emerges onto face along lower border of mandible near attachment of masseter
coiled in appearance, courses diagonally toward corner of mouth
gives rise to inferior labial and superior labial arteries
continues superiorly along face
terminates as angular artery near medial angle of eye |
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Term
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Definition
originiates at medial angle of eye as continuation of angular vein
descends in face lateral to and with facial artery
receives superior and inferior labial veins
communicates with pterygoid venous plexus via deep facial vein
crosses superficial to submandibular gland
receives anterior division of retromandibular vein to form common facial vein |
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Term
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Definition
space between inner and outer tables of frontal bone
located behind the eyebrows
drains into nasal cavity via frontonasal duct (opens in semilunar hiatus)
innervated by supraorbital nerve |
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Term
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Definition
drains deep structures of brain
joins with inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus |
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Term
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Definition
distal division of descending palatine artery
emerges from hard palate via the greater palatine foramen then runs anteriorly
supplies most of hard palate |
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Term
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Definition
branch of maxillary artery in infratemporal fossa
gives rise to mylohyoid artery
enters mandibular foramen in company with IAN
supplies mandible and roots of teeth
terminates as mental artery |
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Term
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Definition
branch of facial artery
supplies substance of lower lip |
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Term
| inferior laryngeal artery |
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Definition
branch of inferior thyroid artery just before it enters gland
ascends upon the trachea to the back part of the larynx
runs with recurrent laryngeal nerve
supplies the muscles and mucous membrane of inferior larynx |
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Term
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Definition
drains lower portion of orbit
empties to superior ophthalmic vein |
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Term
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Definition
drains the cavernous sinus toward IJV
descends between petrous ridge and clivus
exits skull through jugular foramen where it empties into IJV |
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Term
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Definition
contain within the inferior, free margin of falx cerebri
small venous channel within the meningeal fold
unites with great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus |
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Term
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Definition
branch of thyrocervical trunk
ascends along medial border of anterior scalene (posterior to carotid sheath)
loops inferiorly to lower pole of thyroid gland
gives rise to inferior laryngeal artery
supplies thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
branch of maxillary artery in pterygopalatine fossa
passes forward to floor of orbit via inferior orbital fissure
courses within infraorbital groove and canal
gives rise to anterior and posterior superior alveolar arteries whilst in canal
emerges on face through infraorbital foremen (with nerve)
supplies central portion of face |
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Term
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Definition
branch of CCA, lateral branch
ascends within carotid sheath
enters skull through carotid canal
appears in emerges through cranial dura just medial to anterior clinoid process
gives rise to the ophthalmic artery
terminates by giving rise to anterior and middle cerebral arteries
main source of blood supply to brain |
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Term
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Definition
originates at jugular foramen from draining of sinuses
descends within carotid sheath lateral to ICA and CCA
receives superior and middle thyroid veins, pharyngeal, lingual, occipital, and common facial veins
unites with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein |
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Term
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Definition
branch of subclavian in 1st section
descends into thorax |
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Term
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Definition
named node of deep cervical node group
located near juction of IJV with superior belly of omohyoid |
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Term
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Definition
aka tonsillar node
named node of deep cervical node group
located near junction of IJV with posterior digastric |
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Term
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Definition
branch of ophthalmic artery
courses forward along superior border of lateral rectus
runs with lacrimal nerve
supplies lacrimal gland and upper and lower eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
distal divsion of descending palatine artery
emerges from hard palate via lesser palatine foramen then runs posteriorly
supplies soft palate |
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Term
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Definition
arises from anterior border of ECA near tip of greater horn of hyoid
ascends deep to posterior digastric and hyoglossus mm. to enter oral cavity
gives rise to dorsal lingual (posterior), deep lingual (anterior) and sublingual (gland and floor)
supplies respective sides of tongue due to presence of the lingual septum
some anastomosis at tip of tongue |
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Term
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Definition
passes through mastoid foramen
connects occipital and posterior auricular veins to sigmoid sinus |
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Term
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Definition
terminal branch of ECA, arises posterior to neck of mandible and enters infratemporal fossa
gives rise to middle meningeal, deep temporal, inferior alveolar, posterior superior alveolar, and buccal arteries
passes through pterygomaxillary fissure into pterygopalatine fossa
gives rise to sphenopalatine, descending palatine, and infraorbital arteries |
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Term
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Definition
largest of paranasal sinuses
located within maxilla bone
lies inferior to orbit, lateral to nasal cavity, medial to zygomatic bone and superior to teeth of maxilla
drains into nasal cavity via ostium in posterior aspect of semilunar hiatus
innervated by superior alveolar (middle, anterior and posterior) |
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Term
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Definition
formed by lateral confluence of pterygoid venous plexus
short
accompanies maxillary around neck of mandible
joins with superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein |
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Term
| medial and lateral palpebral arteries |
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Definition
branches of ophthalmic artery
enter lateral and medial margins of upper and lower eyelids, supplying them |
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Term
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Definition
terminal branch of IAA
exits mental foramen (with mental nerve)
supplies lower lip and chin |
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Term
| middle ethmoidal air cells |
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Definition
| drain into ethmoidal bulla |
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Term
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Definition
branch of maxillary artery in infratemporal fossa
ascends deepto lateral pterygoid muscle
passes betwen roots of auritular temporal nerve
enters MCF through foramen spinosum
courses between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater
supplies dura mater and adjacent skull bone |
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Term
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Definition
branch of IAA before mandibular foramen
runs in the mylohyoid groove
supplies the mylohyoid muscle |
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Term
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Definition
arises from posterior border of ECA opposite the lingual artery
gives rise to sternocleidomastoid branch
ascends along lower border of posterior digastric then deep to it
reappears in upper part of posterior triangle
provides blood supply to much of posterior scalp |
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Term
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Definition
ascends within the attaches margin of falx cerebelli to confluens
communicates with vertebral plexus of veins around margin of foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
branch of ICA
enters orbit via optic canal
crosses orbit from lateral to medial above the optic nerve with nasociliary nerve
branches into supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal, medial and lateral palpebral, central artery of retina, lacrimal, posterior ciliary, and anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries |
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Term
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Definition
passes through parietal foramen
connects occipital vein with superior sagittal sinus |
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Term
| posterior and anterior superior alveolar arteries |
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Definition
branches of infraorbital artery whilst in infraorbital canal
supply maxillary canine and incisor teeth and maxillary sinus |
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Term
| posterior auricular artery |
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Definition
arises from posterior border of ECA
axends along upper border of posterior digastric
emerges and enters posterolateral scalp between EAM and mastoid process |
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Term
| posterior ciliary arteries |
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Definition
branches of ophthalmic artery
enter back of eye near optic nerve
supply most of eye |
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Term
| posterior division of retromandibular vein |
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Definition
| unites with posterior auricular vein to form EJV |
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Term
| posterior ethmoidal air cells |
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Definition
| drain into superior meatus |
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Term
| posterior superior alveolar artery |
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Definition
branch of maxillary artery as it enters pterygopalatine fossa
passes downward on posterior surface of maxilla
enter posterior superior alveolar foramen (with PSAN)
supplies maxillary molar and premolar teeth and maxillary sinus |
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Term
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Definition
network of veins external to lateral pterygoid muscle
receives venous return from areas supplied by maxillary artery and branches
coalesces laterally into short maxillary vein
communicates with facial vein via deep facial vein
communicates with cavernous sinus via emissary veins through foramen ovale |
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Term
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Definition
formed by union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins
descends within parotid gland and near apex of gland divides into anterior and posterior divisions |
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Term
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Definition
formed by union of right jugular, right subclavian and right bronchomediastinal trunks
receives lymph from right head/neck, upper limb, and thorax
drains into right IJV or subclavian vein |
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Term
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Definition
continuation of transverse sinus along sigmoid groove
ends at jugular foramen and forms IJV |
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Term
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Definition
located within the body of sphenoid bone
thin bony septum divides space into two separate but unequal sinuses
ostium opens into sphenoethmoidal recess
innervated by posterior ethmoidal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
branch of maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa
passes medially from fossa to nasal cavity via sphenopalatine foramen
provides branches to lateral wall of nasal cavity
courses downwards on nasal septum supplying it
passes through incisive foramen at anterior aspect of hard palate (with nasopalatine nerve)
supplies small part of hard palate |
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Term
| sternocleidomastoid branch |
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Definition
branch of occipital artery
hooks hypoglossal nerve before entering and supplying SCM |
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Term
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Definition
located along intersection of falx cerebri with tentorium cerebelli
formed by union of inferior sagittal sinus and greater cerebral vein
drains to confluens of sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
right arises from brachiocephalic trunk
left arises from aortic arch
divided in to three parts
gives rise to vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical (trunk), costocervical and dorsal scapular arteries |
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Term
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Definition
continues distally as axillary vein
receives external jugular vein
proximally joins with IJV to form brachiocephalic |
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Term
| submandibular lymph nodes |
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Definition
drain ipsilateral lateral margins of anterior 2/3rds, and receives the submental nodes
drains to deep cervical nodes |
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Term
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Definition
drain tip of tongue, central part of lower lip, incisors and chin
drain to submandibular nodes |
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Term
| superficial cervical lymph nodes |
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Definition
located along external jugular vein
receive lymph from parotid, mastiod, and occipital nodes
drain to deep cervical nodes |
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Term
| superficial temporal artery |
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Definition
terminal branch of ECA, arises posterior to neck of mandible
ascends superficial to root of zygomatic artch
enters the anterolaterla scalp with auriculotemporal nerve and superficial temporal vein |
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Term
| superficial transverse cervical artery |
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Definition
branch of transverse cervical artery after it crosses posterior triangle
enters deep surface of trapezius
runs with accessory nerve (CN XI) |
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Term
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Definition
branch of facial artery
supplies substance of upper lip
gives rise to septal branch that supplies anterior-inferior portion of nasal septum |
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Term
| superior laryngeal artery |
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Definition
branch of superior thyroid artery
enters larynx through thyrohyoid membrane
runs with internal laryngeal nerve
supplies superior part of larynx |
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Term
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Definition
thin-willed vessel, larger in diameter than ophthalmic artery
formed by union of supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
follows course of ophthalmic artery
passes through superior orbital fissue and empties into cavernous sinus
typically receives inferior ophthalmic vein |
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Term
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Definition
drains cavernous sinus toward the transverse sinus at its junction with sigmoid sinus
located within attachment of tentorium cerebelli with superior border of petrous ridge of temporal bone |
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Term
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Definition
contained within the superior margin of falx cerebri
receives several superior cerebral veins
drains toward confluens of sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
first branch of ECA
arises from anterior border of ECA below level of greater horn of hyoid
gives rise to superior laryngeal artery
descends with external laryngeal nerve (deep to infrahyoid muscles)
enters superior pole of lobe of thyroid and courses along its superior border |
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Term
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Definition
branch of ophthalmic artery
emerges through supraorbital foramen with nerve and vein
supplies forehead and anterior region of scalp |
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Term
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Definition
branch of thyrocervical trunk
passes laterally superficial to anterior scalene
crosses posterior triangle deep to clavicle
course to upper border of scapula
passes above transverse scapular ligament
enters supraspinatus muscle |
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Term
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Definition
branch of ophthalmic artery
emerges through medial aspect of upper eyelid with nerve and vein (medial to supraorbital)
supplies forehead and anterior scalp |
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Term
| supreme intercostal artery |
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Definition
branch of costocervical artery
gives rise to first two posterior intercostal arteries |
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Term
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Definition
begins at cisterna chyli in abdomen
ascends through thorax to root of left side of neck
loops posterior to carotid shead
receives left jugular, left bronchomediastinal, and left subclavian trunks
descends to terminate at junction of left subclavian and IJV
drains lymph from entire body except right side of head/neck, right limb and right thorax |
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Term
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Definition
branch of subclavian in 1st section
ascends along medial border of anterior scalene
gives rise to suprascapular, transverse cervical, and inferior thyroid arteries |
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Term
| transverse cervical artery |
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Definition
branch of thyrocervical trunk
passes laterally superficial to anterior scalene (superior to suprascapular)
crosses posterior triangle
divides into superficial and deep branches |
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Term
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Definition
courses laterally from confluens
located within attachment of tentorium cerebelli to the transverse grooves of occipital bone
receives superior petrosal sinuses at intersection or petrous ridge and occipital bone
continues as sigmoid sinus |
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Term
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Definition
branch of subclavian during 1st section
ascends and enters transverse foramen of C6
ascends through successive transverse foramina
courses around lateral masses of atlas and enters skull through foramen magnum
right and left vertebral arteries unite on ventral surface of pons to form basilar artery
principal source of arterial supply to brain |
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