Term
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Definition
origin: lower border of mandible
insert: fascia over pec region
nerve: facial nerve, cervical branch
action: draws corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally, draws skin of neck superiorly
muscle of facial expression1 |
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Term
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Definition
origin: mastoid process and superior nuchal line
insert: manubrium and medial clavicle
nerve: spinal accessory (CN XI)
action: (bilateral) flexion of neck and head; (unilateral) lateral flexion of neck and rotation of chin to opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
origin:
insert:
nerve:
action: |
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Term
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Definition
origin: (inferior) superior broder of scapula; (superior) body of hyoid
insert: intermediate tendon
nerve: ansa cervicalis
action: depression of hyoid during swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
origin: manubrium
insert: body of hyoid
nerve: ansa cervicalis
action: depress hyoid during swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
origin: manubrium
insert: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
nerve: ansa cervicalis
action: depress hyoid during swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
origin: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
insert: body of hyoid
nerve: ansa cervicalis
action: depress hyoid during swallowing, elevates larynx and pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
origin: styloid process
insert: body of hyoid
nerve: CN VII
action: elevate hyoid, larynx, pharynx during swallowing and phonation; assits in opening mouth |
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Term
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Definition
origin: (posterior) inner surface of mastoid process; (anterior) digastric fossa of mandible
insert: intermediate tendon
nerve: (posterior) CN VII; (anterior) n. to mylohyoid
action: elevate hyoid, larynx and pharynx during swallowing and phonation; assist in opening mouth |
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Term
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Definition
origin: mylohyoid line of mandible
insert: midline raphe and body of hyoid
nerve: nerve to mylohyoid
action: elevate hyoid, larynx and pharynx during swallowing and phonation; assist in mouth opening
principal muscle of the floor of oral cavity |
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Term
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Definition
origin: inferior mental spines
insert: body of hyoid
nerve: C1 fibers
action: elevate hyoid, larynx and pharynx during swallowing and phonation; assist in mouth opening |
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Term
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Definition
origin: transverse processes C3-C6
insert: 1st rib
nerve: VPR C5, C6
action: (bilateral) flexion of neck, (unilateral) lateral flexion of neck |
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Term
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Definition
origin: transverse processes C1-C7
insert: 1st rib
nerve: VPR C3-C8
action: lateral flexion of neck, elevate 1st rib |
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Term
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Definition
origin: transverse processes of C4-C6
insert: 2nd rib
nerve: VPR C6-C8
action: elevate 2nd rib, lateral flexion of neck |
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Term
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Definition
origin: frontal bone, lacrimal bone
insert: lateral palpebral raphe
nerve: temporal and zygomatic (CN VII)
action: closes eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
origin: maxilla and mandible
insert: skin around lips
nerve: buccal branch (CN VII)
action: pucker lips |
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Term
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Definition
origin: medial infra-orbital margin
insert: skin and muscle of upper lip
nerve: zygomatic branch (CN VII)
action: elevates upper lip |
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Term
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Definition
origin: anterior zygomatic bone
insert: skin and muscles of mouth
nerve: zygomatic and buccal branches (CN VII)
action: draws angle of mouth superior and lateral |
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Term
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Definition
origin: maxilla
insert: skin and muscles around mouth
nerve: buccal branch (CN VII)
action: smile (elevate angle of mouth) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: tubercle of mandible
insert: skin and muscles around mouth
nerve: mandibular branch (CN VII)
action: depress angles of mouth |
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Term
| depressor labii inferioris |
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Definition
origin: oblique line of mandible
insert: skin of lower lip
nerve: mandibular branch (CN VII)
action: depress lower lip |
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Term
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Definition
origin: anterior mandible
insert: chin
nerve: mandibular branch (CN VII)
action: elevates and wrinkles chin, protrudes lower lip |
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Term
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Definition
origin: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, TMJ
insert: fibers of orbicularis oris
nerve: buccal branch (CN VII)
action: compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication, suckle |
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Term
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Definition
origin: two occipital and two frontal bellies
insert: galea aponeruotica
nerve: facial nerve
action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead |
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Term
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Definition
origin: zygomatic arch
insert: lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible
nerve: mandibular nerve (CN V3)
action: elevation of mandible |
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Term
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Definition
origin: temporal fossa and temporalis fascia
insert: coronoid process of mandible
nerve: mandibular nerve (CN V3)
action: elevate mandible, retract mandible
fan-shaped; broad proximally, narrows distally (wrt temporal bone) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: (superior) greater wing of sphenoid; (inferior) lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insert: (superior) articular disc and capsule of TMJ; (inferior) fovea of mandible
nerve: mandibular (CN V3)
action: (bilateral) protrude mandible; (unilateral) deviates jaw to opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
origin: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insert: medial surface ramus and angle of mandible
nerve: mandibular (CN V3)
action: (bilateral) elevate mandible; (unilateral) deviate jaw to opposite side |
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Term
superior rectus
(no action) |
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Definition
origin: common ring tendon
insert: superior sclera of eye
nerve: superior division of oculomotor (CN III) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: common ring tendon
insert: medial sclera of eye
nerve: inferior division of oculomotor (CN III)
action: adduct eye |
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Term
inferior rectus
(no action) |
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Definition
origin: common ring tendon
insert: inferior sclera of eye
nerve: inferior division of oculomotor (CN III) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: common ring tendon
insert: lateral sclera of eye
nerve: abducens (CN VI)
action: abduct eye |
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Term
superior oblique
(no action) |
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Definition
origin: body of sphenoid
insert: superolateral quadrant of posterior eye
nerve: trochlear nerve (CN IV)
passes on superior border of medial wall of oribit
tendon passes through fibrocartilaginous trochlea at medial wall |
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Term
inferior oblique
(no action) |
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Definition
origin: maxilla near floor and medial wall of oribt
insert: inferolateral quadrant of posterior eye
nerve: inferior division of oculomotor (CN III) |
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Term
| levator palpebrae superioris |
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Definition
origin: lesser wing of sphenoid (above optic canal)
insert: tarsal plate of skin of upper eyelid
nerve: superior division of oculomotor (CN III)
action: elevates upper eyelid
contains smooth muscle fibers that are innervated by fibers from superior cervical ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| superior rectus (abducted), inferior oblique (adducted) |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior rectus (abducted), superior oblique (adducted) |
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Term
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Definition
smooth muscle that connects the zonular filaments and controls shape of lens
PS --> contract, reduce tension, more spherical lens, near vision
sympathetic --> relax, increase tension, more flat lens, distance vision |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
radial fibers
sympathetic acons |
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Term
| superior pharyngeal constrictor |
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Definition
origin: lower border and hamulus of medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe
insert: pharyngeal tubercle, counter part along pharyngeal raphe
nerve: pharyngeal plexus of CN X
action: swallowing |
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Term
| middle pharyngeal constrictor |
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Definition
origin: greater and lesser horns of hyoid and stylohyoid ligament
insert: midline pharyngeal raphe
nerve: pharyngeal plexus of CN X
action: swallowing |
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Term
| inferior pharyngeal constrictor |
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Definition
origin: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and arch of cricoid cartilage
insert: pharyngeal raphe
nerve: pharyngeal plexus of CN X0
action: swallowing
superior portion is cricopharyngeus |
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Term
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Definition
superior portion of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
upper esophageal sphincter
normally closed, except when swallowing (relaxes to allow food to enter esophagus) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: styloid process
insert: superior border of thyroid cartilage (merge with palatopharyngeus)
nerve: glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
action: elevate larynx and pharynx, swallowing
passes between superior and middle constrictors to reach thyroid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
origin: lateral margin of soft palate
insert: blends with fibers of stylopharyngeus
nerve: pharyngeal plexus of CN X
action: pulls pharynx and larynx upward |
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Term
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Definition
origin: cartilage of auditory tube (at torus tubarius)
insert: merge with fibers of palatopharyngeus
nerve: CN X
action: elevate pharynx, pulls on torus tubarius to pressure equalize middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
origin: undersurface of apex of petrous portion and medial auditory tube cartilage
insert: upper surface of soft palate
nerve: pharyngeal plexus of CN X
action: elevates soft palate |
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Term
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Definition
origin: scaphoid fossa and lateral aspect of auditory tube cartilage
insert: tendon wraps around hamulus to the soft palate aponeurosis
nerve: mandibular nerve (CN V3)
action: tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube to allow pressure equalizing |
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Term
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Definition
origin: posterior nasal spine of hard palate
insert: uvula
nerve: pharyngeal branch of CN X
action: elevate uvula |
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Term
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Definition
origin: lateral margin of tongue
insert: side of tongue at junction of anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
nerve: pharyngeal plexus of CN X
action: depresses soft palate, elevates tongue to seal oral cavity from oropharynx (chewing or swallow prep) |
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Term
| intrinsic muscles of tongue |
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Definition
transverse, vertical, superior and inferior longitudinal
no bony connections
alter shape of tongue |
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Term
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Definition
origin: superior mental spines
insert: entire length of tongue, posterior fibers to body of hyoid
nerve: hypoglossal (CN XII)
action: (bilateral) protrude tongue; (unilateral) deviate tongue to opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
origin: body and greater horn of hyoid
insert: posterolateral tongue
nerve: hypoglossal (CN XII)
action: depress tongue |
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Term
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Definition
origin: styloid process
insert: posterior lateral tongue
nerve: hypoglossal (CN XII)
action: elevate and retract tongue |
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Term
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Definition
origin: upper lateral surface of cricoid cartilage
insert: inferior border and horn of thyroid cartilage
nerve: external superior laryngeal (CN X)
action: increases tension of vocal cords by tilting thyroid cartilage forward toward cricoid |
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Term
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Definition
origin: upper posterolateral surface of cricoid cartilage
insert: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
nerve: recurrent laryngeal
action: adducts vocal cords (draw muscular processes medially) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: posterior cricoid lamina
insert: muscular process of arytenoid
nerve: recurrent laryngeal
action: sole abductor of vocal cords (draw muscular processes laterally) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: posterior surface of arytenoid
insert: posterior surface of opposite arytenoid
nerve: recurrent laryngeal
action: slide toward each other along superior border of cricoid lamina |
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Term
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Definition
origin: pyramidal eminence
insert: neck of stapes
nerve: stapedial branch (CN VII)
action: pulls neck of stapes posteriorly to reduce oscillations across oval window, reflex to loud noises to protect inner ear structures |
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Term
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Definition
origin: semicanal on anterior wall of tympanic cavity
insert: medial surface of manubrium of malleus
nerve: mandibular (CN V3)
action: draws malleus and tympanic membrane medially, increase tension on membrane and decrease its vibration; reflex to loud sounds |
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