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Head and Neck Anatomy
Chp 6 Vascular System
82
Anatomy
3rd Grade
10/19/2009

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Cards

Term

What is the general term for a large network of blood vessels?

Definition
Plexus
Term

What is the term for the connecting channels between blood vessels?

Definition
anastomosis
Term

 

What type of vessel arises from the heart and carries blood away from it?

Definition
Artery
Term

What is its branching system?

Definition
Atery -> Arteriole -> Capillary
Term

What type of vessel carries blood to the heart? What is its branching system?

Definition

Vein.

Vein -> Venule

Term

What portion of the vascular system is a blood-filled space between two layers of tissue?

Definition
Venous Sinuses
Term

What major artery arises from the common carotid and subclavian arteries on the left side of the body?

Definition
Aorta
Term

What is the direct branch from the aorta (on the right side of the body), which then branches into the common carotid and subclavian?

Definition
Brachiocephalic Artery
Term

What artery arises directly from the aorta (on the left side of the body) and travels up the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx?

Definition
Common Carotid Artery
Term

Which artery arises directly from the aorta (on the left side of the body) and has the upper arm as its main destination?

Definition
Subclavian Artery
Term

What are the two major arteries that supply the head and neck?

Definition
Common Carotid & Subclavian
Term

Where is the most reliable pulse during emergency treatment?

Definition
Carotid Sinus
Term

Which artery supplies intracranial structures and is also the source of the ophthalmic artery?

Definition
internal Carotid Artery
Term

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

Definition
Eye, Orbit, and lacrimal gland
Term

Which artery supplies extracranial tissues of the head and neck including the oral cavity?

Definition
External carotid artery
Term

What are the major branches of the external carotid artery and how can they be grouped?

Definition
Superior Thyroid, Lingual, Facial - Grouped as the anterior branches of the external carotid artery.
Term

Which artery directly supplies tissues to the hyoid bone, infrahyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscle, muscles of larynx, and thyroid gland?

Definition
Superior thyroid. Its branches are: infrahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, superior laryngeal, cricothyroid.
Term

Which artery directly supplies tissues superior to the hyoid bone including the suprahyoid muscles, floor of mouth, and tongue?

Definition
Lingual Artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies mylohyoid muscle, the sublingual salivary gland, mucous membranes of the floor of mouth, and suprahyoid muscles?

Definition
Sublingual Artery
Term

Outline the pathway of the facial artery and list its major branches.

Definition
External Carotid Artery -> 4 Arteries - Ascending palatine, submental, superior and inferior labial, angular artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the soft palate, palatine muscles, and palatine tonsils?

Definition
Ascending palatine
Term

Which specific artery can be a source of serious hemorrhage if it is injured during a tonsillectomy?

Definition
Ascending Palatine Artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular salivary gland, and mylohyoid and digastric muscles?

Definition
Submental Artery
Term

Which artery supplies the lower lip tissues and facial expression muscles?

Definition
Inferior Labial Artery
Term
Which artery supplies the upper lip tissues and facial expression muscles?
Definition
Superior Labial Artery
Term

Which artery supplies tissues along the side of the nose (and is the termination of the facial artery)?

Definition
Angular Artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies pharyngeal walls, soft palate, and meninges of the brain?

Definition
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery -> Pharyngeal branches and meningeal branches
Term

Which artery directly supplies suprahyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscles, and scalp and meningeal tissues in the occipital region?

Definition
Occipital Artery
Term

Which arteries directly supply the internal ear and the mastoid ear cells?

Definition
inner ear by Posterier auricular artery adnd mastoid air cells by stylomastoid artery
Term

Which artery arises within the parotid salivary gland and can be visible in patients under the skin of their face (on the lateral portion of their forehead area)?

Definition
superficial temporal artery
Term

 

Which artery directly supplies the parotid salivary gland and the nearby tissues?

Definition
transverse facial artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the temporalis muscle?

Definition
middle temporal artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies portions of the scalp in the frontal and parietal regions?

Definition
frontal and parietal
Term

Outline the pathway of the maxillary artery and list the major branches within the infratemporal fossa.

Definition

mandibular condyle, between mandible and sphenomandibular ligament through infratemporal fossa ends up in pterygopalatine fossa.

branches withing the infa temporal fossa are: middle meningeal, inferior alveolar artery.

Term

Which artery directly supplies the meninges of the brain located on the inferior surface of the skull, as well as the skull bones?

Definition
middle meningeal artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the floor of the mouth and mylohyoid muscle?

Definition
mylohyoid artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies tissues of the chin and with what does it anastomose?

Definition
mental artery. anastomoses with inferior labial artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies pulp tissue, gingiva, and periodontium of mandibular anterior teeth?

Definition
incisive artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the anterior and posterior portions of the temporalis muscle?

Definition
deep temporal arteries
Term

Which artery directly supplies the masseter muscle?

Definition
massateric artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles?

Definition
pterygoid arteries
Term

Which artery directly supplies the buccinator muscle and soft tissues of the cheek?

Definition
buccal artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies pulp tissue, periodontium, and gingiva of posterior maxillary teeth and the maxillary sinus?

Definition
posterior superior alveolar artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the orbital region, face, and anterior maxillary teeth?

Definition
anterior superior alveolar artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the pulp tissue, periodontium, and gingiva of anterior maxillary teeth?

Definition
anterior superior alveolar artery
Term

Which arteries directly supply both the hard and soft palates?

Definition
greater and lesser palatine artery
Term

Which artery directly supplies the nasal cavity?

Definition
sphenopalatine artery
Term

Compare veins with arteries.

Definition
veins more variable in location then arteries. veins larger and more numerous.
Term

Which vein begins at the medial corner of the eye and drains into the internal jugular vein?

Definition
facial vein
Term

Which vein directly drains the tissues of the orbit?

Definition
ophthalmic veins
Term

Which vein directly drains the upper lip?

Definition
superior labial vein
Term

Which vein directly drains the lower lip?

Definition
inferior labial vein
Term

Which vein directly drains the tissues of the chin and submandibular region?

Definition
submental vein
Term

Which vein directly drains the dorsal and ventral side of the tongue and floor of the mouth?

Definition
lingual vein
Term

How is the retromandibular vein created and what will it form?

Definition
merger of superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein. Will form the external jugular vein
Term

Which vein directly drains the lateral scalp?

Definition
posterior auricular vein and superficial temporal vein
Term

What is the location of the pterygoid plexus of veins?

Definition
located around the pterygoid muscles
Term

With what veins does the pterygoid plexus of veins anastomose?

Definition
facial and retromandibular vein
Term

In general, which veins does the pterygoid plexus of veins drain?

Definition
deep portions of the face and drains into maxillary vein.
Term

What is the function of the pterygoid plexus of veins?

Definition
protect the maxillary artery from being compressed during masstication
Term

Where does the pterygoid plexus of veins drain?

Definition
maxillary vein
Term

Which veins drain blood from the deep portions of the face?

Definition
pterygoid plexus
Term

Which vein drains blood from the meninges of the brain?

Definition
middle meningeal vein
Term

Which vein drains the pulp tissues of the maxillary teeth and the periodontium of the maxillary teeth including the gingiva?

Definition
posterior superior alveolar drain
Term

Which vein drains the pulp tissues of the mandibular teeth and periodontium including the gingiva?

Definition
inferior alveolar vein
Term

Where are the venous sinuses located?

Definition
meninges
Term

Where is the cavernous venous sinus located?

Definition
each side of the body of the sphenoid bone
Term

With what does the cavernous venous sinus communicate?

Definition
with eachother on opposite sides of the body of sphenoid bone, pterygoid plexus, superior ophthalmic vein 
Term

Which major vein drains most of the head and neck tissues?

Definition
internal jugular vein
Term

What structures are contained in the carotid sheath?

Definition
cervical group of lymph nodes
Term

Which vein is the only vein in the head and neck to have valves near its entry of the subclavian vein?

Definition
external jugular vein
Term

Which vein begins inferior to the chin and drains into the external jugular vein?

Definition
anterior jugular vein
Term

Which vein is formed when the internal jugular vein merges with the subclavian vein?

Definition
brachiocephalic vein
Term

What do the brachiocephalic veins unite to form?

Definition
superior vena cava
Term

Which complications can come about as a result of blood vessel lesions?

Definition
atherosclerosis
Term

What is a clot that forms on the inner vessel wall?

Definition
thrombus
Term

What term is used when a clot dislodges from the inner vessel wall and travels as a foreign material in the blood?

Definition
embolus
Term

What is the term to describe when a large amount of blood escapes the tissue without clotting?

Definition
hemorrhage
Term

What is the term used to describe when a blood vessel is injured, a small amount of the blood escapes into the surrounding tissues, and a clot forms?

Definition
hematoma
Term

What are the clinical signs of a hematoma?

Definition
blood tissue tenderness, swelling, and discoloration
Term

How does a dental professional prevent blood vessel problems in medically compromised patients?

Definition
antibiotics before treatment
Term

During what dental injections is the risk of hematoma higher? How is this prevented?

Definition
infraorbital block or inferior alveolar block. Be aware of the location of larger blood vessels.
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