Term
|
Definition
- muscle of facial expression
- in superficial fossa of face
- goes from top of forehead to the start of orbicularis oculi
- inervated by Facial Nerve (CN VII)
- connected at top to epicranial aponeurosis, which occipitalis is connected to in back
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Term
|
Definition
- round muscle surrounding eye
- muscle of facial expression
- superficial fascia
- Facial Nerve (CN VII)
- makes eye closed and attached to bone at nasal side
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Term
|
Definition
- uplifts lip (upper)
- from bony attachment to upper lift
- growling face
- facial nerve (CN VII)
- muscle of facial expression
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Term
Zygomaticus Major and Minor |
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Definition
- muscle of facial expression
- minor is more medial to major
- from below eye to corner of lip
- facial nerve (CN VII)
- pull up corners of mouth in smiling
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Term
|
Definition
- circular muscle around mouth
- muscle of facial expression
- facial nerve (CN VII)
- pouty face?
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Term
|
Definition
- runs from chin area to lower corners of mouth, pulls them down
- pouty face?
- muscle of facial expression
- facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
|
Definition
- goes from chin to down over neck
- muscle of facial expression
- Facial nerve CN VII
- big muscle
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Term
|
Definition
- lies in a deeper plane then other facial expression muscles
- originates from both upper and lower jaw and goes into pterygomandibular raphe
- facial nerve (CN VII)
- contracts as you chew to keep cheeks stiff to avoid cheeks going into mouth
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Term
|
Definition
- venous inflamation of facial vein can cause it
- in cavernous sinus (dural sinus)
- central area of the face is referred to as a danger triangle
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Term
|
Definition
- CN V
- provide sensory inervation to face
- CN V.1: opthalmic branch leaves skull through superior orbital fissue
- CN V.2: maxillary branch leaves skull through round foramen
- CN V.3: mandibular branch leaves skull through foramen ovale
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Term
Superficial Branches of
Facial Nerve |
|
Definition
- CN VII, exits right next to ear, usually through parotid gland
- has temporal branches, zygomatic branches, buccal brances, mandibular branches, and cervical branches
- all motor and innervate muscles of facial expression
- not to be confused with auriculo temporal nerve(CN V.3)
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Term
|
Definition
- facial paralysis of some of the muscles of facial expression on one side of face
- results from a legion of the facial nerve, often deep to the parotid gland
- may bight cheeks when chewing(buccinator) or their eyes may dry out (orbicularis oculi)
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Term
|
Definition
- CN I Olfactory: has a bulb and is sense of smell(special sensory)
- CN II: Optic: vision
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Term
Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI |
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Definition
- CN III oculomotor (somatic motor and vicsceral motor(ps))
- CN IV Trochlear (somatic motor)
- CN VI Abducent (somatic Motor)
- move small muscles of the eye
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Term
|
Definition
- Trigeminal
- CN V1, V2 is somatic sensory
- CN V3 is somatic sensory and somatic motor (mastication)
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Term
|
Definition
- Facial Nerve somatic motor, special sensory (ant 2/3 of taste), general sensory, visceral motor(ps)
- nasal gland and lacrimal gland through V3
- sulingual and submandibilar gland
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Term
|
Definition
- vestibulocochlear does balance and hearing
- special sense
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Term
|
Definition
- Glossopharyngeal somatic motor, viscearal motor, visceral sensory(PS), special sensory (taste to post 1/3 tounge), general sensory (mouth, throat pharynx)
- carotid sinus
- parotid gland(salivary gland)
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Term
|
Definition
- Vagus nerve somatic motor, visceral motor (PS), visceral sensory, special sensory, general sensory
- autonomics of thorax and abdomin
- right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
- superior laryngeal nerves
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Term
|
Definition
- accessory nerve somatic motor
- innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
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Term
|
Definition
- hypoglassal
- somatic motor
- intrinsic tongue muscles
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Term
|
Definition
- outer table
- diploe (bone with alot of hollow stuff)
- inner table
- insulates and prevents heat loss
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Term
|
Definition
- Falx cerebri
- tentorium (divides cerebellum from cerebrium)
- falx cerebelli
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Term
|
Definition
- superior and inferior sagittal sinus
- straight sinus (inferior to confulens)
- transverse to sigmoid sinus
- occipital sinus
- cavernous sinus
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Term
|
Definition
- four rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial, lateral)(these elevate/depress and rotate and abduct/adduct)
- two oblique muscles (superior and inferior)
- inferior elevates abducts and rotates laterally
- superior depresses, abducts and rotates medially
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Term
|
Definition
- eustachius
- connects the middle ear to the throat (naso-pharynx)
- normally closed in adults unless you are clearing pressure when swallowing
- colds can effect the opening
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Term
|
Definition
- composed of skin folds underlain by elastic cartilage
- top part the helix, and the bottom part the lobule(no elastic cartilage)
- tragus is little indent over the opening of the ear
- concha is little ridge that goes into acoustic meatus
- sound transmitted through malleus (hammer) after vibrating tympanic membrane (in by auriculotemporal nerve(V.3)
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Term
|
Definition
- air filled cavity that contains three small bones (ossicles) that form a chain
- connect tympanic membrane to oval window
- other structures not involved in hearing are also in middle ear
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Term
|
Definition
- malleus connected to tympanic membrane (hammer)
- tensor tympani attached to malleus too(muscle)
- incus connected to malleus(syn joint) (anvil)
- has crus breve and crus longum
- stapes connected to incus(stirrup)(crus longum
- stapes attaches to inner ear at vestibular or oval window
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Term
|
Definition
- thin part of bone
- in middle ear
- roof of middle ear cavity and brain is right above it
- anvil and stirrup real close
- people who crack skull this can break leaking blood and cerebral spinal fluid
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Term
Muscles of the Middle Ear |
|
Definition
- Tensor Tympani (V.3)
- Stapedius (VII)
- dampen strong vibrations (safety mechanisms
- paralysis of these muscles leads to hypersensitivity of the ear(loud sounds will hurt)
- Bells Palsy can effect (Facial Nerve VII)
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Term
|
Definition
- Otitis Media
- more common in children because the position of auditory tube is more horizontal
- impairs easy drainage of infectious material
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Term
Path of CN IX
(Glossopharyngeal Nerve) |
|
Definition
- leaves skull through juglar foramen
- small branch re-entrers skull:tympanic nerve that is sensory to middle ear and forms plexus on medial wall of middle ear(tympanic plexus)
- typanic plexus forms lesser petrosal nerve, which leaves the middle ear anteriorly (PS)
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Term
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Definition
- (Vestibulo-cochlear Nerve)
- special sense of hearing and ballance in inner ear
- enters internal auditory meatus and passes to its target orgains: cochlea(hearing), smicircular canals, tricle and saccule
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Term
|
Definition
- small air filled space behind the middle ear (connection mastoid addicus)
- wall of mastoid antrum full of little air pockets called air cells
- mastoiditis is the infection of the mastoid antrum and air cells causing the spaces to become fluid filled
- could even swell external parts of ear and push on brain (epiderual abscess
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Term
|
Definition
- skin, subcutaneous fascia, epicranial aponeurosis, pericranium
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Term
|
Definition
- connects veins on inside of cranial cavity to those of loose areolar tissues
- non valves so blood can flow into and out of skull
- venous sinuses locted in folds of dura mater
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Term
|
Definition
- frontal sinus
- sphenoid sinus
- maxillary sinus
- ethmoid aircells
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Term
|
Definition
- large salivary gland
- located anterior to the ear(resembles a miniear)
- innervated by parasympathetic CN IX
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Term
|
Definition
- superior and inferior lacrimal punctum
- these flow into lacrimal sac
- nasolacrimal duct
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Term
|
Definition
- hole in skull
- filled with cartilage in adults
- carotid artery lies on top of this
- some nerves graze through it
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Term
Muscles inside Posterior Triangle |
|
Definition
- top to bottom
- spenius capitus
- levator scapuli
- anterior, middle and posterior scalenes
- posterior head of omohyoid muscle
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Term
Contents of Posterior Triangle
(superficial)
(above fascia) |
|
Definition
- external jugular vein and rt. subclavian vein.
- accessory Nerve (CN XI)
- greater auricular
- lesser occipital
- supraclavicular
- transverse cervical
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Term
|
Definition
- anterior and posterior heads
- connected in middle by a fibrous sling to hyoid bone
- each head innervated seperatly
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Term
Submandibular (digastric) Triangle |
|
Definition
- subtriange of the anterior triangle
- formed by the two heads of the digastric muscle and the mandible
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Term
|
Definition
- only bone in body that does not articulate with another bone
- held in a muscular sling in neck
- it can move sup/inf or ant/posterior
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Term
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle |
|
Definition
o: sternum and medial end of the clavicle
I: mastoid process of skull
A:turns head and lifts chin toward oposite side
lifts chin and flexes neck so that chin is thrust forward
IN: Accessory Nerve (CN XI) |
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Term
|
Definition
o: sternum
i: hyoid bone
a:depresses hyoid
IN: branches of cervical spinal nerves
most medial of hyoid strap muscles(infrahyoid muscles) |
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Term
|
Definition
O: mylohyoid lineof medial (inner) surface of mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe where right and left insert into each other and this goes from mandible to hyoid
A: elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth
IN: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3) |
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Term
Deep Infrahyoid muscles and
cricoid/thyroid muscles |
|
Definition
- thyrohyoid(from thyroid to hyoid)
- sternothyroid(sternum to thyroid cartilage)
- cricothyroid (cricoid to thyroid cartilage)
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Term
|
Definition
- digastric
- stylohyoid (styloid process of skull to hyiod bone
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid (knee/chin to hyoid bone0
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Term
|
Definition
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- sternothyroid
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Term
Contents of Submandibular Triange
|
|
Definition
- submandibular gland
- lymph nodes
- CN XII
- Facial Artery and vein
- Lingual Nerve and submandibular ganglion
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Term
|
Definition
- endocrine gland
- found in neck along the cartilage rings
- superior and inferior thyroid artery
- autonomic supply (PS from CN X) and (S from superior cervical ganglion
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Term
|
Definition
- inertnal juglar and common facial vein
- great auricular n, XI, Ansa Cervicalis, facial
- lymph nodes
- parotid gland and submandibular gland
- common carotid a -> external and interal carotid
- superior thyroid a
- com facial/lingal a
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Term
|
Definition
- widening of the common carotid before the bifercation
- monitors blood presure (CN IX)
- carotid body that sits on top that monitors blood chemistry (CN IX and X)
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Term
|
Definition
O: superior margin of scapula
I: hyoid bone
superior and inferior bellies joined to each other by an intermediate tendon.
intermediate tendon passes thru a fascia sling
A: depresses hyoid bone
In: branches of cervical spinal nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
- between two anterior bellies of the digastric muscle
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Term
|
Definition
- in carotid triangle and part of cervical plexus
- looks like a ducks foot
- made up with C1, C2, C3 and part of CN XII
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Term
Head Parasympathetic (Anabolic) |
|
Definition
- vegatative functions (digestion up)
- synapse btw pre and post ganglion far from CNS
- 4 ganglia for head
- CN III, VII, IX, X
- Sacral Nerve S2-4
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Term
Head Sympathetic(Katabolic) |
|
Definition
- Fight or Flight (heart rate up)
- synapse close to CNS (1 ganglion for head)
- superior cervical ganglion
- spinal nerves T1-L3
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Term
|
Definition
- traval with the long and short ciliary nerves(general sense to eyeball)
- these are branches of nasociliary nerve (V.1)
- these parasympathetics synapse in Ciliary ganglion
- sympathetic get here by way of ophthalmic artery off internal carotid
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Term
Ciliary muscle contraction |
|
Definition
- when contracts, puts tension on the ciliary body, decreasing its diameter
- this causes the zonular fibers to relax. putting less tension on lens
- lens assumes a convex shape, causeing eye to focus on closer objects
- when lens is flattened focuses on distant objects (when ciliary muscles are relaxed)
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Term
|
Definition
- disruption of sympathetic trunk
- causes pupil to be constricted and palpebral fissure to be narrow(space between eyelids)
- skin is red
- effects smooth muscles buried in levator palpebrae superious
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Term
|
Definition
- leaves cranial cavity through the internal acoustic meatus
- gives off greater petrosal nerve that passes through the geniculate ganglion in the petromastoid bone
- this leaves inner ear and carries taste from palate and parasymp. inn lacrimal gland, nasal and palatine gland(synapsing in the pterygopalatine ganglion)
- means that if tumor in ear eye can dry out
- also continues to middle ear and parasympathetically inn submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (also carries taste) (chorda tympani)
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Term
|
Definition
- PS, CN VIII
- enters the middle cranial fossa through a foramen just anterior to petrous crest
- crosses into foramen lacerum and enters a tiny canal called the pterygoid canal(nerve of pterygoid canal)
- symp traval along internal carotid (deep petrosal nerve) and join petrosal nerve
- synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion and innervates nasal lacrimal and palatine glands
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Term
|
Definition
- leaves skull thru jugular foramen and small branch re-enters skull(tympanic nerve: sensory to middleear
- this forms plexus on medial wall of middle ear
- tympanic plexus forms the lesser petrosal nerve that leaves ear anteriorly
- sympathetic branches join from internal carotid artery
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Term
|
Definition
- vagus nerve has minor parasympathetic branches in head and neck
- smooth muscle in esophagus and trachea
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Term
|
Definition
- CN IX
- froms from fibers of tympanic plexus and is joined by caroticotympanic nerve (SY)
- together they innervate the parotid gland
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Term
|
Definition
- Leaves the middle ear
- receives sympathetic branches
- passes to sublingual and submandibular salivary glands
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Term
Lymph Drainage of the anterior
Head and Neck |
|
Definition
- lymph from anterior head and neck transported to inferior deep cervical nodes
- from here enters jugular lymphatic trunk
- on left side this trunk empties into the thoracic duct
- on right side it empties in the right lymphatic duct
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Term
Lymph Drainage of Posterior
Head and Neck |
|
Definition
- collected in the posterior part of tranverse cervical lymph nodes
- passed to the transverse cervical lymph trunk
- on left side this trunk drains into the thoracic duct
- on right side this trunk drains into right lymphatic duct
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Term
Lymphatic Drainage of tounge |
|
Definition
- tip of tounge drains to submental nodes
- sides of tounge drain to submandibular nodes
- middle of tounge drain to inferior deep cervical nodes
- back of tounge drain to superior deep cervical nodes
- eventually all of them drain to inferior cervical nodes
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Term
|
Definition
- does not actually carry autonomics
- some autonomics from other nerves follow the path of CN V though
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Term
|
Definition
- superior it is bounded by the two temporal lines(outer and inner)
- anteriorly and latterally bounded by the frontal bone and zygomatic bones and arches
- temporalis muscle fills most of the temporal fossa
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Term
Infratemporal Fossa Boundaries |
|
Definition
- lat/med the ramus of mandible and lat pterygoid plate
- ant/post the maxilla and tympanic plate/mastoid and styloid process
- sup/inf: inf surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone and attachment of medial pterygoid muscle
- basically everything below zyg arch
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Term
Contents of Infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
- maxillary artery and branches
- auriculartemporal nerve, buccal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve (all branches of V.3)
- chorda tympani nerve
- otic ganglion ( synapse for lesser petrosal n from CN IX)-parotid gland
- medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
- middle meningeal artery
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|
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Term
|
Definition
- branch of V3
- enters mandibular foramen and supplies general sensation to teeth, lower lip, and chin
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Term
|
Definition
- branch of V3
- general sensation for auricle and temporal regions, TMJ,
- carries post ganglionic parasympathetic to parotid gland via CN IX
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Term
|
Definition
- branch of V.3
- general sense to anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth and gingivae
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Term
|
Definition
- branch of V3
- general sensation to skin and oral mucosa of cheeck and gengivae
- appears to be most anterior, lateral
- most difficult to find
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Term
|
Definition
- branch of CN VII
- enters infratemporal fossa through petrotympanic fissue
- joins lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa
- carries special sense of taste to to anterior 2/3 of tongue (genicula ganglion)
- carries parasymp to submandibular and sublingual glands in oral cavity
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|
Term
Inferior Alveolar(& Lingual)
Nerve Block |
|
Definition
- anesthetizes inferior alveolar and lingual nerves
- inferior alveolar: mandibular teeth on that side, supporting bone and periodontium, mental nerve areas (trying to hit mandibular foramen)
- lingual nerve: anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth, lingual gingivae
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|
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Term
|
Definition
- large, terminal branch of external carotid artery
- found in infratemporal fossa
- 3 parts based on relation to lateral pterygoid
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|
Term
Part 1 of the Maxillary Artery
branches |
|
Definition
- in front of lateral pterygoid
- inferior alveolar artery branch: enters mandibular canal via mandibular foramen
- Middle meningeal artery branch: enters via foramen spinosum
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|
|
Term
Part 2 Maxillary Artery Branches |
|
Definition
- inside lateral pterygoid muscle
- deep temoral artery: ascends into temporal fossa
- buccal artery:runs anterior and inferior to buccal region
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|
|
Term
Part 3 Maxillary Artery
Branches |
|
Definition
- deep to lateral pterygoid muscle
- posterior superior alveolar artery: descends on maxilla in infratemporal fossa (back maxila teeth)
- infraorbital: passes through inferior orbital fissure to orbit and from infraorbital canal and foramen to face
- sphenopalatine artery: passes through pterygomaxillary fissure and sphenopalatine foramen to nasal cavity(terminal branch of maxillary)
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Term
|
Definition
o: temporal line
I:coronoid process of mandible
A: closes or adducts jaw
IN: Deep Temporal Nerves (Branch of V.3) |
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Term
|
Definition
O:zygomatic arch
I: angle of the mandible
A: closes or adducts the jaw
IN: mandibular division of trigeminal |
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Term
|
Definition
- medial side of the lateral pterygoid plate and tuberosity of maxilla to the angle of mandible medial side
- V.3 inervation
- closes or adducts jaw
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Term
|
Definition
- from lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate and greating wing of sphenoid to the neck of mandible and articular disk
- protrudes, opens jaw and guides condylar movments
- V.3
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|
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Term
|
Definition
- medial and lateral pterygoid
- masseter
- temporalis
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Term
Sphenomandibular Ligament |
|
Definition
- remnant of meckels cartilage
- from spine of sphenoid to lingula of the mandibular foramen
- primary function may be to protect nerves and vessels running with it (inf alveolar)
|
|
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Term
|
Definition
- thickened band of fascia running between the styloid process and the angle of the mandible
- may help limit excessive protrusion of the mandible
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|
Term
Muscles that Elevate(close)
Mouth |
|
Definition
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
|
|
|
Term
Muscles that Depress (open)
mouth |
|
Definition
- lateral pterygoid
- suprahyoid
- infrahyoid muscles
|
|
|
Term
Muscles that Protrude Chin |
|
Definition
- masseter
- lateral and medial pterygoid
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Side to Side movements of mouth |
|
Definition
- temporalis of opposite side
- pterygoids of same
- masseter
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- TMD umbrella term for multiple disorders involving TMJ
- degenerative changes (TMJ arthritis)
- damge to disk or articular surfaces
- trauma, developmental defects, rheumatoid arthritis
- myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD): unbalanced muscle mechanics, oral habits (grinding teeth(bruxism))
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- consecutive chewing cycles or repeated rhythmic patterns of jaw movement and loading in which foods are broken down btw the molar and premolar teeth
- reduce foods to suitabel size for swallowing
- increase the exposed surface are of a food so that digestive enzymes penetrate more easily
- chewing stroke is single movement circuit of mandible
- power stroke tooth food tooth contact
|
|
|
Term
Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor |
|
Definition
- meets with the other constrictors at a midline raphe
- attachs on other end to pterygomandibular raphe
- paired with the buccinator muscle
|
|
|
Term
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor |
|
Definition
- meets with the other constrictors at a midline raphe
- attaches on other end to the hyoid
- paired with hyoglossus (stylohyoid ligament)
|
|
|
Term
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor |
|
Definition
- meets with the other constrictors at a midline raphe
- attaches at the other end to the cricoid/thyroid cartilage
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- at the base of the tongue in front of the opening to the larynx
- place where food or liquid can sit prior to being swallowed
- one on each side?
|
|
|
Term
Piriform Recesses/sinuses |
|
Definition
- structures on side formed between wall of pharynx and opening to layrnx
- place for food to pass by the layrnx?
|
|
|
Term
3 Muscles that Originate from
the styloid process |
|
Definition
- stylohyoid
- styloglossus
- stylopharyngeous
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- muscle at the top of the esophagus
- sometimes refered to as esophageal sphincter
- controls flow of food out of pharynx into esophagus
- change over from striated skeletal muscle to smooth muscle
|
|
|
Term
Three longitudanal strap muscles of
pharynx |
|
Definition
- palatopharyngeus
- salpingopharyngeus
- stylopharyngeus
|
|
|
Term
Blood Supply of the Pharynx |
|
Definition
- superior thyroid artery
- inferior thyroid artery
- ascending pharyngeal a
- these then branch (superior and inferior pharyngeals)
|
|
|
Term
Blood supply of the palate |
|
Definition
- descending palatine artery(maxillary artery) splits into greater and lesser palatine artery
- also ascending palatine artery (facial artery) and tonsilar artery (lingual artery)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- levator veli palatini (IX) (lifts up palate)
- tensor veli palatini (v.3)
- uvalae(IX) (hangs down in front of through
- palatopharyngeus (IX) (back palatal arch)
- palatoglossus (IX) (front palatal arch)
- btw the two arches is the tonsil
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pharyngeal tonsil
- tubal tonsil
- palatine tonsil
- lingual tonsil
- lateral band of tonsil
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- tip is the apex(mobile)
- attaches to the forehead via the root
- top of nose is the dorsum
- dorsum is the top of the nose
- each nostril is bounded laterally by the ala (wing) and medially by the nasal septum
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bony skeleton
- nasal bones(root of nose)
- frontal process of maxilla
Cartilaginous skeleton(mobile parts)
- lateral nasal cartilages
- alar and lesser alar cartilages
- septal cartilages(ant portion of nasal septum
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- posterior nasal apertures
- opening that goes down into the pharynx
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- frontonasal-anterior
- ethmoidal-middle(CN I)
- sphenoidal-posterior
|
|
|
Term
Floor of the Nasal Cavity |
|
Definition
- maxilla(palatine process) anterior 2/3
- palatine(horizontal process (posterior 1/3
|
|
|
Term
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Definition
- bony elemetns include the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid (superior) and the vomer bone (posterior and inferior)
- cartilaginous element is the septal cartilage that is anterior and mobile
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Term
Contents of the Inferior meatus |
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Definition
- below the inferior conchae
- nasolacrimal duct
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Term
Contents of the Middle Meatus |
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Definition
- ethmoidal infundibulum communicates with frontal sinus via frontonasal duct
- infundibulum also communicates with anterior ethmoidal cells
- semilunar hiatus comminicates maxillary sinus via maxillary ostium
- ethmoidal bulla above semilunar hiatus is elvation formed by middle ethmoid cells that communicate thru opening near bulla
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Term
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Definition
- posterior ethmoidal air cells cells
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Term
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Definition
- about the superior conchae
- opening to sphenoid sinus
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Term
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Definition
- Anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery (opthalmic artery)
- sphenopalatine artery (maxillary a)
- greater palatine artery (maxillary a)
- septal branch of superior labial artery (facial a)
- kiesselbach's area is the anastomoses of these arteries on nasal septum (near front of nose)
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Term
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Definition
- nasal mucosa becomes swallen and inflamed during severe upper respitory infections and allergic rx
- swelling happens readily because of its vascularity
- infections of nasal cavity may spread to: anterior cranial fossa, nasopharynx and retropharyngeal soft tissue, middle ear(auditory tube) paranasal sinuses, and lacrimal apparatus
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Term
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Definition
- nose bleed is relatively common because of rich blood supply
- most bleeding from anterior third of nose(kiesselbach area)
- also associated w/ infections and hypertension
- spurting of blood results from rupture of arteries
- mild epistaxis may also result from nose picking which tears veins of vesitbule
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Term
Opthalmic Nerve (V1) innervation of
Nasal septum |
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Definition
- anterosuperior portion of nasal cavity
- gives off anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves
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Term
Maxillary Nerve (V2) innervation
for nasal septum |
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Definition
- posteroinferior part of nasal cavity
- nasopalatine nerve
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Term
Opthalmic Nerve intervation of
Lateral Nasal Wall
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Definition
- anterosuperior portion of nasal cavity
- internal nasal branches from anterior ethmoid nerve
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Term
Maxillary Innervation of
Lateral Nasal Wall |
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Definition
- posteroinferior part of nasal cavity
- lateral nasal branches from greater palatine nerve
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Term
Passage out of Pterygopalatine Fossa |
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Definition
- lateral pterygomaxillary fissure
- posterior wall is foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal
- medial wall is pshenopalatine foramen
- roof is inferior orbital fissure
- floor is greater and lesser palatine canals
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Term
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Definition
- bone:frontal bone
- outflow: frontonasal duct to middle meatus
- innervated by branches of V1 (supraorbital nerves)
- variable left to right (not always symmetrical)
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Term
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Definition
- bone: sphenoid bone
- outflow: sphenoethmoidal recess
- innervated by branches of V1 (posterior ethmoidal n)
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Term
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Definition
- bone: lateral part of ethmoid bone
- outflow: anterior- middle meatus via infundibulum, middle- middle meatus near bulla, posterior - superior meatus
- innvervated by branches of V1 (nasociliary n)
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Term
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Definition
- bone: maxilla
- outflow: middle meatus via maxillary ostium (in semilnar canal)
- innervated by branches of V2 (superior alveolar nerves)
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Term
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Definition
- infections may spread from nasal cavity to the sinuses producing inflammation and swelling of the mucosa and local pain
- sometives several sinuses are inflammed (pansinusitis)
- swelling of mucosa may block one or more openings of the sinuses into the nasal cavity
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Term
Infection of the maxillary Sinuses |
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Definition
- most commonly infected because ostia are small and located high on their superomedial walls
- because of this position when head is erect, it is impossible to drain the snuses until they are full
- causings rolling back and forth at night to drain one then the other
- can be drained by passing a cannula into it
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Term
Infection of the Ethmoidal Cells |
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Definition
- if nasal drainage is blocked, ethmoidal infection may break through fragile medial wall of orbit
- severe infections may cause blindness because some posterior ethmoidal cells lie close to optic canal containing optic neve and opthalmic artery (internal carotid)
- infection can also spread to nerve sheath causeing optic neuritis
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Term
Epithelium of oral cavity |
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Definition
- lips, soft palate, cheeks, floor of mouth, and most other surfaces covered with stratified squamos non-k epithelium
- gingiva, hard palate are parakeratinized(surface cells nucleated but filled with keratin-provides extra protection against abrasion for bony surfaces
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Term
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Definition
- slit like space btw teeth and the gums and lips
- other part of mouth is oral cavity proper
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Term
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Definition
- exterior is SSqK epi with hair, sweat glands and subacous glands
- Vermillion border is thin skin with capilary tufts close to surface giving red color to lips(contains no hair or glands)
- interior is SSqNK epithelium
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Term
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Definition
- baby teeth
- first set of teeth to erupt from 6 months - 2years
- 20 teeth total
- each quadrant has 2 incisors, 1 canine and 2 molars
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Term
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Definition
- second set of teeth to erupt from 6-21 years
- typically 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars I2-C1-P2-M3
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Term
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Definition
- incisors: anterior, wedge shaped that propagate cracks
- canines are good at puncturing
- premolars: bicuspid, crush and grind food
- molars: posterior and multiple cusps that crush and grind food
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Term
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Definition
- crown is the portion of tooth projecting above the gingivae
- root is the portion fixed in the tooth socket(alveolar process) by the periodontium(periodontal ligament)
- neck between crown and root
- pulp cavity contains nerves and vessels inside the tooth
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Term
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Definition
- enamel is the hard outer tissue of crown
- dentin forms most of tooth (yellowish)
- cementum covers dentin on the root(perodontium ligaments attach)
- mineralized with hydroxyapatite
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Term
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Definition
- maxillary molars are close to maxillary sinuses
- improper extraction may lead to a root of the molar pierceing the sinus creating a communication
- this can lead to infection and because maxilary sinus shares superior alveolar nerve(V2) the inflamation is often accompanied by toothache
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Term
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Definition
- inflammation of the gingivae
- swell and redden as result
- if untreated could spread to other supporting structures, including alveolar bone causing periodontitis (inflamation and destruction of the bone and periodontium)
- dentoalveolar abscesses(collection of pus) may drain to the oral cavity and lips
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Term
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Definition
- when tooth erupts they undergo apoptosis leaving enamel exposed to the exterior
- why no new enamel is produced
- enamel covers the crown of the tooth
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Term
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Definition
- attach the periodontal ligament to both the cemuntum and the alveolar bone
- this helps hold teeth in the bony sockets called alveoli
- if it didnt exist orthodontists could not move teeth
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Term
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Definition
- disease caused by vitamin C deficiency resulting in abnormal collagen formation
- the peridontal ligament and sharpeys fibers are affected resulting in the loosening of teeth and bleeding from gums (scorbutic gums)
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Term
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Definition
- Genioglossus: mental spine, depresses tongue (CNXII)
- hyoglossus: hyoid bone, depress and retrude tongue (CN XII)
- styloglossus: styloid process retrude and curls tongue (CNXII)
- palatoglossus: soft palate, elevates tongue (CN X)(palatal arch)
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Term
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Definition
- attachment confined tongue
- mainly change tongue shape
- four muscles: superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse, and vertical
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Term
General Sensation of the Tongue |
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Definition
- anterior 2/3 - lingual nerve (V3)
- posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and small part of Vagus(CN X)
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Term
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Definition
- anterior 2/3- chorda tympani (CN VII)
- posterior 1/3 -glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and small part by vagus ( CN X)
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Term
Tongue Mucosa and Papillae |
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Definition
- Ventral surface is SSqNK epithelium
- dorsal surface is keratinized with papillae
- mucosa strongly attached to underlying muscle by lamina propria
- lymphoid and lingual tonsils on posterior 1/3
- papilae are other bumps and four types
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Term
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Definition
- tongue papillae
- consist of two or more parallel ridges and furrows, "peg-like", on dorsolateral surface of tongue
- contain taste buds
- poorly developed in humans
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Term
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Definition
- type of tongue papillae
- elongate with conical shape "threadlike"
- keratinized tip (rough feel on cats tongue)
- numerous scattered on dorsal tongue
- no taste buds
- can be used to clean yourself (cats)
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Term
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Definition
- type of papillae
- mushroom shaped with narrow stalk and dialated upper portion
- contain taste buds on apical and lateral surfaces
- appear as red dots on dorsal surface interspersed among filiform papillae
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Term
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Definition
- 7-12 large circular papillae arranged in a V anterior to sulcus terminalis
- taste buds?
- van ebners gland located at base?
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Term
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Definition
- serous gland
- drain into deep moats surround these papillae
- fluid washes taste buds (last bite) and secrete lipase to help prevent formation of hydrophobic layers on taste buds
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Term
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Definition
- onion shaped structures of about 50-100 cells that sit on basal lamina with apical projections(taste pores)
- contain both taste cells and supporting secretory cells
- 4 tastes: saltines(ion), sourness (ion), sweetness (receptor), and bitterness(receptor)
- tastants dissolve in saliva and contanct taste cells depolarize cell that stimulates afferent nerves at base
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Term
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Definition
- largest mass of lymphoid tissue in waldyers ring
- sits in tonsillar fossa bounded anteriorly by palatoglossal arch and posteriorly by palatopharyngeal arch
- has a discrete body with a capsule formed by a portion of pharyngobasilar fascia
- rest primarly on superior constrictor
- glosopharyngeal nerve can be found behind this
- have crypts in there SSqNK epithelium (stain dark)
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Term
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Definition
- repeated infections(5/year) reason for removal
- obstruction of the oropharynx and airway(kissing tonsils) is another reason
- palatine tonsils
- bleed can occur from exernal palatine vein
- glossopharyngeal nerve that follows tonsilar artery is at risk as well as internal carotid
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Term
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Definition
- inflammatio of the pharyngeal tonsils
- can block nasopharynx impairing breathing
- infection can spread to tubal tonsils, causing impairment of pharyngotympanic tubes
- infection can also spread to middle ear caising a middle ear infection and temporary to permanent hearing loss
- sometimes pharyngeal tonsils are removed with palatine tonsils
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Term
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Definition
- connects nasopharynx to middle ear
- posterolateral 1/3 is bone and remained is cartilaginous
- closely related to tensor veli palatine and levator veli palatini muscles
- equalizes pressurve btw middle ear cavity and atmosphere
- contraction of levator and tensor help to open auditory tube and equalize
- blocking it results in lower pressure and retracting tympanic membrane and interfering with movt. effects hearing(tube shorter and more horizontal ages 1-3)
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Term
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Definition
- scattered throughout the oral cavity
- secretes 10% of saliva
- 70% of the mucous in saliva
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Term
Parotid Salivary Gland (2) |
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Definition
- largest of salivary glands
- positioned laterally on face over ramus of mandible
- parotid duct empties at second upper molar
- almost exclusively serous cells
- high in amylase(sweet taste) for breakdown of carbs
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Term
Submandibular Salivary Gland(2) |
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Definition
- wraps around body of mandible
- submandibular duct runs anteriorly and ends next to lingual frenulum(tie down of tongue) at sublingual caruncle (where saliva exits)
- conains both serous(90%) and mucous (10%) cells with serous demilunes(secrete lysozyme)
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Term
Sublingual Salivary Gland(2) |
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Definition
- smallest of salivary glands
- lying in floor of mouth
- saliva exists thru sublingual ducts
- mucous cells predominate with serous demilunes present
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Term
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Definition
- part of salivary gland
- striations in striated duct reflects infoldings of basal cell membrane that are lined by mitochondria
- indicative of active transport
- cells pump out Na+ and Cl- out of lumen of duct and pump in k+ and HCO3-
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Term
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Definition
- the inability to produce salive
- usually drug induced or due to nerve injury during surgery
- pain in salivary glands, difficulties eating, swallowing and speaking, fissuring of tongue and lips, dental caries and susceptibility to fungal infections
- usually change in RX solves those cases
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Term
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Definition
- inflammation of parotid gland caused by a myxovirus
- spread through the saliva by coughing
- its symptoms include swelling of the parotid gland, fever, los of appetite, headache/earache
- can spreaad to other organs causing orchiditis, pancreatitis, or encephalitis
- immunization
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Term
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Definition
- anterior 2/3 of palate
- formed by maxilla and palatine bones
- lined with mucosa
- mucous secreting palatine glands (VII)
- incisive fossa, greater and leser palatine foramen transmit nerves and vessels
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Term
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Definition
- muscular posterior 1/3 of palate
- lacks a boy skeleton but has palatine aponeurosis that provides attachment for muscles
- levator veli palatini and tensor v. p. attach above and palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus attach from below
- uvula attaches at midline
- during swalowing it tenses to close off the nasopharynx
- tensor is V3 motor and the rest are CNX motor
- sensory is V2
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Term
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Definition
- congenital fissure btw left and right sides of palate(usually in midline)
- one in 700 births
- often associated with cleft lip
- can be surgically repaired but may take multiple surguries
- difficulty in suckling (increased risk of ear infections), cannot make vaccum
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Term
Temporal Mandibular Joint |
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Definition
- mandibular fossa and condyle of mandibule, as well as articular eminence
- translation and rotation
- covered in fibrocartilage instead of hyoid cartilage and has articular disk
- a TMJ capsule and a TMJ ligament
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