Term
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Definition
| happens suddenly around 20 |
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Term
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Definition
| person always had odd characteristics-->socially isolated-->slide into schizo ep |
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Definition
| ones that shouldn't be present (delusions, hallucinations, bizarre speech) |
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Definition
| loss or absence of functioning (paucity of thought, flattened affect, poor hygiene) |
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Definition
| takes info from nervous system-->mid brain |
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Term
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Definition
| NTs open channel-->release ions |
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Term
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Definition
| nTs cause receptors to create g-protein-->open ion channels-->2nd messenger-->turn on DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| made in neurons; released across synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| Ach, DA, NE, 5HT, GABA, Glu |
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Term
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Definition
| similar properties as small neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| endorphins, oxytocin, AVP |
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Definition
| released by neuron into circulation & target organ |
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Definition
| estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, insulin, thyroxin |
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Definition
| released by neuron into circulation and target organ |
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Term
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Definition
| oxytocin, AVP (arginine Vasopressin) |
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Term
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Definition
| excitatory NT; precursor to GABA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tyrosine-->L-Dopa-->Dopamine-->NE-->Epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
create vesicles @terminal buttons-->cell membrane-->release DA into synapse
Autoreceptors on DA neurons stop producing DA after certain amt produced
Transporters on DA neurons remove excess DA from synapse |
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Term
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Definition
Nigrostriatal
mesolimbic
mesocortical |
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Term
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Definition
midbrain to striatum; gross motor mvmts
shortage of DA-->Parkinson's symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| DA neurons from Ventral Tegmental area project into limbic system;emotion and memory |
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Term
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Definition
| VT area-->prefrontal cortex; high order thought, anticipation, fantasy |
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Term
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Definition
| Locus coeruleus @brain stem;forebrain bringing E to cortex, limbic system, thalamus & hypothalamus; hunger, arousal, sleep pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Dietary Trptophan->L-Trp (blood)->L-trp (brain)-->5HTP-->5HT |
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Term
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Definition
starts @ raphe nuclei (midline of brainstem--> neocortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, lumbic system;
5HT1A receptor contributes to mood & anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent low level depression occuring more days than not over 2 years |
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Term
| Suicide/depression rule of 7s |
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Definition
1/7 recurrent depressive illness commits suicide
70% suicides have depressive illness
70% suicides see MD w/in 6 wks of suicide
suicide=7th leading cause of death |
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Term
| Depressed brain structure |
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Definition
dec volume & inc activity @ prefrontal cortex
smaller Hippocampus
larger amygdala
inc activiated Anterior Cingulate Cortex
less active nucleus accumbus
dec serotonin
inc amygdala |
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Term
| Schizophrenic brain changes |
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Definition
inc D2 receptors
dec amygdala
dec hippocampus
reduc in volume of regions in frontal/temporal lobes
inc size of ventricles-->dec neurons
diminished NMDA receptors (glutamate) |
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Term
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Definition
mvmt and emotions
in schizo- paranoia & hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
problem solving
in schizo-diffculty in planning actions and organizing thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
emotions
in schizo-agitation
amygdala and hippocampus |
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Term
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Definition
| processes info about visual world |
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Term
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Definition
| mediates learning and memory formation, episodic memory |
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Term
| Diffs btw 1st/2nd gen antipsychotics |
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Definition
1st gen good for pos symptoms
2nd fewer extrapyramidal symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| dec intensity of pos symptoms, reduce rlapse, dec social disability |
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Term
| dopamine and glutamate in schizo |
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Definition
| overactive dopaminergic receptors inhibit release of glutamate |
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Term
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Definition
movement, perception of stimuli
somatosensory area |
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Term
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Definition
| visual processing-->hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| regulation and coordination of movement |
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Term
| DA and its pathways & schizo symptoms |
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Definition
too much in mesolimbic-->pos sx
too little in mesocortical-->neg sx
too little in nigrostriatal-->parkinsons
too little in tuberoinfundibular-->breast milk secretion |
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Term
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Definition
serotonin-Dopamine antagonist
antipsychotic
5HT2A inhibitors in sertaonergic neurons release DA |
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Term
| mood congruent psychotic state |
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Definition
BPD 1
delusions are related to mood state |
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Term
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Definition
prevent breakdown of 5HT
serious side effects due to excess NE
1st gen antiderpessants |
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Term
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Definition
1st reuptake inhibtors
block transporters in presynaptic neuron
side effects bc bind other targests
antidepressants |
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Term
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Definition
selective serotonin inhibitors
specific to serotonin by down regulating receptors |
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Term
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Definition
medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum
homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
regulates pituitary
eating, drinking, sex |
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Term
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Definition
fight or flight
inc activation in depressed/anxious
smaller in schizo |
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Term
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Definition
| top of pons; controls body mvmt |
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Term
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Definition
atypical
just as effective in red pos sx
also red neg sx
more enhancement of cog functions
greater tx compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| overactive or hypersensitive DA system |
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Term
| ion channels under resting conditions |
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Definition
Cl, K channels open
Na channels closed
NA/K pump actively transports K into cell, more NA out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
level of excitation crosses threshold
all or nothing
rapid and dramatic movement in pos direction followed by rapid restoration of resting potential
generated at axon hillock |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| stages of neurotransmission |
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Definition
synthesis-made from precursor
storage-stored in vesicles
release-influx of calcium ions into terminal
postsynaptic action-binds to receptors
inactivation-enzymes break down transmitters or transporters reuptake |
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Term
| lateral prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| judging vbalue of rewards and assessing value of an acion for obtaining a predicted outcome |
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Definition
| controls vital reflex functions |
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Term
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Definition
compromised in ddpressed
stress-->NE@hypothalamus-->CRH@ pituitary-->cortisol @adrenals |
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Term
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Definition
| cog symptoms precede mood symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| narrow x rays passed through tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic field around brain |
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Definition
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Term
| ways to misues brain imaging |
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Definition
prove brain body theory (dualism)
simplify brain functions to physical
disregard fact that brain molds itself from experience |
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