Term
| Polymophisms in MHC binding grooves provide what? |
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Definition
| - flexibility of what type and how a peptide is displayed to reactive T-cells. |
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Term
How can some patients infected with HIV control the disease without drugs
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Definition
| - 5-6 genetically determined peptides in the binding groove of the APC |
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Term
| What do duration and intensity of response depend on? |
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Definition
- which TLR is activated
- How much it is activated
- whether the DC responds appropriately to TLR activation |
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Term
| Three possibilities for response to go wrong via TLR polymorphisms? |
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Definition
1) No TLR or too few = no response
2) the "wrong" TLR = ineffective or pathologic response
3) Too many TLR activated = hypersensitivity |
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Term
| What do dentritic cells determine during antigen presentation? |
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Definition
| - the pattern of cytokine secretion during antigen presentation to T cells |
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Term
The presence of what molecules will generate a lower incidence of graft vs. host disease after bone marrow transplants?
- what evidence explains this? |
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Definition
- IL 10 gene promotors
- Il 10 suppresses Th1 responses |
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Term
| Mutations in which receptor may be the cause of inflammatory bowel disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are gut bacteria able to live? |
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Definition
1) they have trained TLR's to force DC's to be tolerant of them
2) Normal opulations of bacteria in the gut in concert with the individuals genome dictate the ratio of TRegs:Th17
3) Canges in gut bacterial population will change the ratio and are associated with autoimune dieases and inflammatory bowel disease. |
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Term
| Six things that must be known about a disease before vaccines can be made |
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Definition
1) microbiological identificatin
2) Determine teh protal of entry
3) Determine what structural component mediates entry
4) look foward in animal studies (almost never sufficient)
5) look backward in human studies
6) Determine effective immune mechanism invoked by host to survive |
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Term
| Three possible responses to vaccines |
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Definition
1) normal response where vaccine induces active immunity
2) reaction to vaccine based on hyper T/B cell response, secondary to manner of MHC presenation and cytokine polymorphisms
3) No immune response due to lack of effective presentation |
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Term
| Four scenarios that will change type of vaccine |
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Definition
1) vaccine that needs TIMMI/CD8 cytotoxicity = vaccine must activate TIMMI w/o causing actaul infection
2) If disease is from extracellular pathogen, need vaccine to stimulate B-cell response
3) If disease requires Th17 repsonse, need vaccine that promotes Th17 cell dominance
4) If it's a viral disease, vaccinologist needs to devise a strategy that not only prevents dissemination of the virus bu also facilitates T-cell responses that limit cellular infection |
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Term
| requirement of tumor cells for attack by vaccine |
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Definition
| - must look different, in some way be recognizable from "self" |
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Term
| Three ways a tumor cell can look different to the immune system |
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Definition
1) mutation
2) overexpression
3) post translational modification |
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Term
| two ways for a tumor cell to survive |
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Definition
1) be indistinguishable from self
2) find ways to thwart activation of cytotoxic responses to it |
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Term
| how a recognizable tumor cell can be detected/destroyed by immune system (5 ways)? |
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Definition
1) MHC I presents to CD8 and turns on cytotoxicity
2) death by MHCI recognizing NK cell
3) B cell antibodies made that bind to NK Fc-γ receptor
4) activation of complement system by ag:ab complex
5) Th1 + INF-γ (killed by activated macrophages) |
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Term
| Ways tumor cells can trick immune system into not attacking them |
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Definition
1) Immune effectr cells are convert to tumor protector cells (creation of TRegs specific for protection of tumor)
2) induces surrounding stromal tissue, especially the fibroblasts into a structure that promotes immune tolerance to teh tumor by supporting the growth of TRegs |
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Term
What defense mechanisms are turned off if a tumor tricks TRegs into protecting it?
What defense mechanism is left for body?
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Definition
- turns off: B cell, Th1, Fc-gamma receptor on NK because no antibodies are made, CD8 cytotoxicity, CD4
- NK cells, probably not good enough |
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Term
| How to make a dendritic cell vaccine |
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Definition
- harvest mononuclear peripheral blood cells from patient and isolate dendritic cells
- remove tumor from patient and isolate antigens from tumor
- trick dendritic cells into loading MHC II with antigen
- infuse dendritic cells back into patient
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Term
What can be used to treat RA?
What can be used to treat asthma? |
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Definition
- Anti-TNF-alpha
- anti-IgE |
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