Term
| the maintenance of a stable internal conditions despise a changing environment |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipid bi-layer is made of..... |
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Definition
| a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails |
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Term
| the phosphate head of the lipid bi-layer is.... |
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Definition
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Term
| the fatty acid tail of a lipid bi-layer is...... |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell membrane is made up of a.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify each type of cell like a name tag.... |
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Definition
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Term
| enable a cell to sense its surroundings by binding to certain substances outside the cell, this causes changes inside the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| these help with important biochemical reactions inside the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| These transport substances that need to go in or out of the cell but cannot go through the lipid bi-layer |
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Definition
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Term
| When molecules have evenly filled a space,_____ is reached |
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Definition
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Term
| If one area has a higher concentration than another area, a ________exists |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of substances from a higher concentration to a lower concentration is |
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Definition
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Term
| does diffusion require energy Yes/No |
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Definition
| No, it is known as passive transport |
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Term
| This is when small nonpolar molecules can pass directly through the lipid bilayer |
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Definition
| Simple diffusion, on example of this is oxygen |
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Term
| This is when transport proteins help substances that will not move easily through the nonpolar lipid bilayer |
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Definition
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Term
| These serve as tunnels through certain substances that have the right shape and charge can diffuse |
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Definition
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Term
| This binds to a specific substance on one side of the cell membrane causing the proteins shape to change, then the substrate is moved across the membrane and is released onto the other side |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmosis is a type of ______ transport |
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Definition
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Term
| Osmosis in cells is a form of _________ diffusion |
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Definition
| facilitated, it does not require energy but it does require help |
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Term
| What stops a plant cell from expanding until it bursts |
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Definition
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Term
| Soem unicellular eukaryotes have _________ that collect excess water and pump it out |
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Definition
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Term
| ______is the movement of a molecule against the concentration gradient |
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Definition
| Active transport, the cell has to use energy to do this |
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Term
| A_________ moves ions in and out of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ carries proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to be transported by carrier proteins across the cell in this |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of large substances by means of a vesicle is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of substances back out of the cell by a vesicle is called _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells coordinate activity and communicate by.......... |
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Definition
| sending chemical signals that carry info. to other cells |
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Term
| This cell produces a signal *hint* that is detected by the target cell |
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Definition
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Term
| A target cell will only bond with the signal that are important to its function, this is made possible by_____ |
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Definition
| Receptor proteins, it will only bind with the signal that EXACTLY matches the shape of its receptor binding site |
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Term
| When a signal binds to the receptor protein the cell may respond by doing (1 of 3 things, name all 3) |
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Definition
1.changng membrane permeability
2.Activating enzymes
3.Forming a second messenger |
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Term
| Name the 7 characteristics of life |
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Definition
1. Organization and cells-all living things have cells
2. Response to Stimuli- in order to survive
3.Homeostasis-maintain stable internal environment
4.Metabolism-sum of all chemical reactions in the body
5.Growth and development-all living things increase in size
6.Reproduction-all living things reproduce
7. Change over time- the ability to adapt in a changing world |
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Term
| This is a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the ability to produce offspring like itself |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes |
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Definition
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Term
| This is another word for change over time |
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Definition
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Term
| An organism that is made up of one or more cells |
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Definition
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Term
| An organism made up of one cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Darwin used this phrase to explain the "survival of the fittest" and their ability to pass on favorable traits to their offspring |
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Definition
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Term
| When conducting an experiment, this is the only factor changed |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the steps of the Scientific Method, in order (6 of them) |
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Definition
1. Observation-the act of viewing something that causes a question
2.hypothesis-a proposed explanation
3.Prediction-a statement that predicts what would happen in a test, should the hypothesis be true
4.Experiment-used to test hypothesis and prediction
5.Analysis-one experiment is completed the data is analyzed
6. Communication- so that others may verify or modify conclusions |
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Term
| protons have a ______ charge |
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Definition
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Term
| Neutrons have a _______ charge |
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Definition
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Term
| Electrons have a ________ charge |
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Definition
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Term
| on the pH scale below 7 is..... |
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Definition
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Term
| on the pH scale 7 is..... |
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Definition
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Term
| on the pH scale above 7 is a..... |
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Definition
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Term
| the overall charge of an atom is.... |
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Definition
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Term
| An_______ is an atom of the same element but with a different number of neutrons |
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Definition
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Term
| A_______ bond is formed by the sharing of outer shell electrons. A molecule is held together with this type of bond |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of matter that maintains a fixed volume or shape |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of matter that maintains a fixed volume bu not shape |
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Definition
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Term
| a type of matter with no fixed volume or shape |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of bond is formed when atoms lose or gain electrons in order to obtain stability |
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Definition
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Term
| I some covalent bonds, the shared electrons are attracted more strongly to one atom than to the other. This results in one end of the molecule having a slightly negative charge and the other a slightly positive charge. This molecule is______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The attraction of particles of the same substance, this is how steam combines to form a pool |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the attraction between particles of different substances that are in contact with each other |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This is a chemical substance that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| energy that must be added in order for a reaction to occur |
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Term
| organic compounds are made primarily of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-a 5 compound sugar (ribose)
-the nitrogen containing compound adenine
-three linked phosphate groups |
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Term
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Definition
| the bonds are broken, they are easy to break because the phosphate groups are close together and have negative charges |
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Term
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Definition
-usually solid at room temp.
-generally bad for you
-their bonds are fully saturated with hydrogen
-Is arranged in straight rows
-found in meats, butter, ect... |
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Term
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Definition
-generally healthy
-generally liquid at room temp.
-not all of its bonds are saturated with hydrogen
-every place where a bond is not saturated, the bond twists/curves
-found in corn oil, olive oil |
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Term
| The ratio of C, H, and O in sugars are... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a molecule that increases the speed of chemical reactions |
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Term
| An enzyme.... (what it does) |
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Definition
| lowers the activation energy |
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Term
| The steps as to how an enzyme works is... |
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Definition
1. Two substrates bind to an activation site, they fit into a specific location and position
2.The binding causes the enzymes shape to change slightly, this change in shape causes bonds to break or form
3.The Chemical reaction is complete when a new substance is formed, the enzyme can be used again |
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Term
| These two things can effect an enzymes ability to work |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipid molecules have a higher ratio of _____and _______ than carbs. |
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Definition
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Term
| A monosaccharide is______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| many sugars linked together, starch is hundreds of sugars linked togeather |
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Term
| the primary and secondary shape of a amino acid |
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Definition
Primary- the order
Secondary-Its shape, the way it twists and bends |
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Term
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Definition
-Deoxyribonucleic acid (sugar is a deoxyribose)
-the entire genetic code
-only found in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
-its sugar is a ribose
-can go in or out of the nucleus
-only receives small parts of the genetic code |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that preform various functions (like break down toxins) |
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Term
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Definition
| in 1665, used a crude microscope, coined the term cells after rooms in a monastery |
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Term
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Definition
| used a strong microscope, found organisms in pond water, dubbed them "animacules" |
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Term
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Definition
-All living things are made of one or more cells
-cells are the basic unit/structure/function in organisms
-all cells arise from existing cells |
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Term
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Definition
Plant: chloroplasts, large central vacuole, cell wall
Animals: none of those |
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Term
| Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes |
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Definition
Prokaryotes-very simple, single loop of DNA, most have a cell wall, believed to be oldest type of cell, always single celled
Eukaryotes-can be multi-cellular, DNA is nucleus, more complex, can preform specialized functions, many membrane bound organelles |
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Term
| The 4 major types of tissue are....... |
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Definition
-Epithelial: covers and protects, skin is an example
-Muscle tissue: moves the body
-Nerve: sends electrical signals throughout the body
-Connective: joins, supports, and transports
a. defensive-defends body: white blood cells
b. Structural- tissues give support: bones
c. Sequestering- Store compounds: red blood cells store heoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| by contracting and releasing, they work in pairs |
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Term
| The outermost layer of skin..... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dead cells, it starts as epithelial cells (basal layer) that are pushed up, they begin to make keratin in order to water-proof skin |
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Term
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Definition
-nerves
-Muscles-tiny muscles at base of hair follicles
-blood vessels
-hair follicles
-glands |
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Term
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Definition
| brownish pigment that produces color. |
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Term
| Melanin production depends on 2things |
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Definition
1.genetics
2.UV exposure: over UV exposure can lead to cancer |
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Term
| Why do kemo drugs make your hair fall out and make you sick to your stomach? |
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Definition
| Because kemo drugs are meant to take out fast reproducing cells (tumors), Epithelial cells are fast producing and are found in hair and the stomach |
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Term
| What is the only muscle in your body that can generate an electrical impulse |
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Definition
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Term
| what are hair and nails made of? |
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Definition
| dead karaten coated cells |
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Term
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Definition
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