Term
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Definition
| the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries |
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Term
| Multinational corporation |
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Definition
| a corporation that owns businesses in two or more countries |
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Term
| Direct foreign investment |
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Definition
| a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country |
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Term
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Definition
| government-imposed regulations that increase the cost and restrict the number of imported goods |
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Term
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Definition
| a government's use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies and their workers from foreign competition |
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Term
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Definition
| a direct tax on imported goods |
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Term
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Definition
| nontax method of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods |
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Term
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Definition
| a limit on the number or volume of imported products |
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Term
| Voluntary export restraints |
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Definition
| voluntarily imposed limits on the number or volume of products exported to a particular country |
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Term
| Government import standards |
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Definition
| a standard ostensibly established to protect the health and safety of citizens, but, in reality, is often used to restrict imports |
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Term
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Definition
| government loans, grants, or tax deferments given to domestic companies to protect them from foreign competition |
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Term
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Definition
| a classification assigned to imported products by government officials that affects the size of the tariff and the imposition of import quotas |
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Term
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) |
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Definition
| a worldwide trade agreement that reduced and eliminated tariffs, limited government subsidies, and established protections for intellectual property |
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Term
| World Trade Organization (WTO) |
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Definition
| the successor of GATT; the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations; its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| areas in which tariff and nontariff barriers on trade between countries are reduced or eliminated |
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Term
| Maastricht Treaty of Europe |
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Definition
| a regional trade agreement between most European countries |
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Term
| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
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Definition
| a regional trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico |
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Term
| Dominican Republic Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) |
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Definition
| a regional trade agreement between Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and the United States |
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Term
| Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) |
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Definition
| a regional trade agreement between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Guyana, Suriname, and Chili |
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Term
| Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) |
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Definition
| a regional trade agreement between Brunei Darussalum, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam |
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Term
| Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) |
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Definition
| a regional trade agreement between Australia, Canada, Chile, the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Mexico, Japan, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Peru, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States, and all the members of ASEAN except Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar |
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Term
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Definition
| when a multinational company has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries and runs them all using the same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures |
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Term
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Definition
| modifying rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures to adapt to differences in foreign customers, governments, and regulatory agencies |
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Term
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Definition
| selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries |
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Term
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Definition
| an agreement to which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country |
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Term
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Definition
| an agreement in which a domestic company, the licensor, receives royalty payments for allowing another company, the licensee, to produce the licensor's product, sell its services, or use its brand name in a specified foreign market |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service, the franchisor, licenses the entire business to another person or organization, the franchisee |
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Term
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Definition
| an agreement in which companies combine key resources, costs, risks, technology, and people |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company |
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Term
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Definition
| foreign offices, facilities, and manufacturing plants that are 100 percent owned by the parent company |
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Term
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Definition
| new companies that are founded with an active global strategy and have sales, employees, and financing in different countries |
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Term
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Definition
| the relative cost of a standard set of goods and services to different countries |
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Term
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Definition
| the risk of major changes in political regimes that can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential events |
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Term
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Definition
| the risk associated with changes in laws and government policies that directly affect the way foreign companies conduct business |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country |
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Term
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Definition
| someone who lives and works outside his or her native country |
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