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Definition
| choosing a goal and developing a strategy to achieve that goal |
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Definition
| goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely |
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| the determination to achieve a goal |
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| a plan that lists the specific steps, people, resources, and time period needed to attain that goal |
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Term
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Definition
| short-term goals or subgoals |
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Term
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Definition
| long-term goals or primary goals |
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Term
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Definition
| maintaining planning flexibility by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans |
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Term
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Definition
| a cushion of extra resources that can be used with options-based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities |
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Term
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Definition
| overall company plans that clarify how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors over the next two to five years |
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Definition
| a statement of a company's purpose or reason for existing |
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| a more specific goal that unifies company wide efforts, stretches, and challenges the organization, and possesses a finish line and a time frame |
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Term
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Definition
| plans created and implemented by middle managers that specify how the company will use resources, budgets, and people over the next six months to two years to accomplish specific goals within its mission |
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Term
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Definition
| a four-step process in which managers and employees discuss and select goals, develop tactical plans, and meet regularly to review progress toward goal accomplishment |
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Term
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Definition
| day-to-day plans, developed and implemented by lower-level managers, for producing or delivering the organization's products and services over a thirty-day to six-month period |
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Definition
| plans that cover unique, one-time-only events |
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Term
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Definition
| plans used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events |
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Term
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Definition
| standing plans that indicate the general course of action that should be taken to a particular event or situation |
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Term
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Definition
| standing plans that indicate specific steps that should be taken in response to a particular event |
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Term
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Definition
| standing plans that describe how a particular action should be performed or what must happen or not happen in response to a particular event |
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Definition
| quantitative planning through which managers decided how to allocate available money to best accomplish company goals |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives |
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Term
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Definition
| a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| a gap between a desired state and an existing state |
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Definition
| the standards used to guide judgments and decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which each decision criterion is compared to a standard or ranked on its own merits |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which each decision criterion is compared directly with every other criterion |
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Term
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Definition
| choosing the best alternative |
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Definition
| choosing a "good enough" alternative |
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Term
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Definition
| a barrier to good decision making caused by pressure within the group for members to agree with one another |
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Term
| C-type conflict (cognitive conflict) |
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Definition
| disagreement that focuses on problem- and issue-related differences of opinion |
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| A-type conflict (affective conflict) |
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Definition
| disagreement that focuses on individuals or personal issues |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision-making method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of critic |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision-making method in which decision makers state the assumptions of a proposed solution (a thesis) and generation a solution that is the opposite (antithesis) of that solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision-making method that begins and ends by having group members quietly write down and evaluate ideas to be shared with the group |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision-making method in which members of a panel of experts respond to questions and to each other until reaching agreement on an issue |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision-making method in which group members build on each others' ideas to generate as many alternative solutions as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision-making method in which group members use computers to build on each others' ideas and generate as many alternative solutions as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| a disadvantage of face-to-face brainstorming in which a group member must wait to share an idea because another member is presenting an idea |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of what others will think of your ideas |
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