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Happiness, Wellbeing and Positive Psychology Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Flashcards
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/01/2013

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Term
Individualism
Definition
Emphasis of priority over one's own goals. Defines one's self esteem in terms of personal attributes instead of a group
Term
Collectivism
Definition
Interdependence
Eastern culture
Stress the needs and goals of society over the individual.
Term
Social Exchange Model
Definition
Based on principles of economy
1. Rewards and Costs
2. Outcomes and Profit
3. Comparison level of satisfaction
Term
Reward
Definition
Anything positive and desirable to a person that continues the relationship.
Term
Cost
Definition
Any unwanted condition of effect that subtracts from the reward
Term
Outcome/profit
Definition
The positive or negative difference between rewards and costs.
Term
Comparison Level
Definition
How satisfied we are with our relationship
Determined by comparing to past and possible future relationships.
Term
Social Roles
Definition
The "parts" we play in our society or culture
Term
Role Conflict
Definition
Sometimes roles make demands that can become conflicting or impossible to meet
EX: Parent's tough love
Term
PAC Model
Definition
Developed in the 1960s by psychiatrist Dr. Eric Berne
Attempts to make sense of Freud's id, ego, and superego.
Term
Parent
Definition
Superego
Caring and teaching
Values and judgements of home and society
Can be Neutral or Judgemental
Term
Adult
Definition
Ego
Rational information
Term
Child
Definition
Id
Focus on biological and emotions
Can be happy natural or hurt/not-okay
Term
Onion Model
Definition
Deal with more involvement and commitment ans we move deeper within the model
Term
The Encounter
Definition
Begins with some sort of communicative act or transactional stimulus, inviting a response from another person, transactional response
Term
Stereotypes
Definition
Fixed ideas, imposed on a new situation by first impressions, narrow experiences, or incomplete information.
Information that contradicts these is often ignored forgotten or misinterpreted
Term
Confirmation Bias
Definition
The discarding or forgetting of information that contradicts a stereotype
Term
Primacy effect
Definition
First impressions and the reason they stick.
Term
Halo Effect
Definition
An overall positive or negative impression of a person at one time may transfer to expecting them to be the same in the next encounter.
Term
Recency Effect
Definition
The change of impression over time, when the person becomes better known.
Term
Physical Attractiveness
Definition
Most important factor in the earlier stages of relationships.
Term
Proximity
Definition
Physically being in the same area
Important factor in attraction
Attraction is likely to develop between individuals who have frequent contact with each other
Term
Availability
Definition
Psychosocial presence of a possible companion. Accessible, able to be reached
Term
Similarity
Definition
Familiarity breeds contentment.
Most people are most attracted to and become more deeply involved with people most similar to themself
Term
Principle of Complementarity
Definition
Opposites attract
Illustrated by the belief that sociable and outgoing individuals are often attracted to people who are shy and reserved.
Term
Fraudulent Contract
Definition
Where one partner violates the terms of the relationship contract in a way that exploits the other.
Term
Games model
Definition
"Players" use hidden agendas and strategies, that have a "payoff" or advantage for the "gamemeister" that only they know.
Substitute for true intimacy in daily life
Strategy to maintain relationship
Term
Collusion
Definition
"secret-like" abnormal relationship is established
One person usually takes the initiative in establishing the terms of the contract.
Term
Discordant Patterns
Definition
Serious and continued disagreements and conflicts over unresolved issues, hurting both people involved and the quality of the relationship
Term
5 Common Sources of Relationship Conflict
Definition
1. Competition
2. Domination/Control
3. Failure
4. Provocation
5. Value differences
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