Term
Lumbricals
- general location
- insertions
- innervation
- function
how many? |
|
Definition
anterior, under FDS tendons, above intrinsic hand muscles and interossei
tendons of FDP (the length of metacarpals) to radial aspects of proximal phalanxes.
1/2 medial nerve, 1/2 ulnar (4&5)
flexes MCP, extends PIP
4 |
|
|
Term
Dorsal Interossei
- general location
- insertions
- innervation
- function
-how many? |
|
Definition
dorsal side
Attach towards middle finger.
origin: two heads at adjecent MCP.
insertion: one head @proximal phalanx (towards middle finger).
ulnar nerve
assit lumbricals in flex/MCP, extend/PIP and ABduct 2,3,4 (DAB)
Bipennate
4 |
|
|
Term
Palmar Interossei
- general location
- insertions
- innervation
- function
how many |
|
Definition
palmar side
attach away from middle finger
origin: metacarpals
insertion: base of proximal phalanxes
innervation: ulnar nerve
function: assist lumbricals in flex/MP, extend PIP & ADduct (PAD)
3 |
|
|
Term
| palmar or dorsal interossei attaches thumb and 1st finger? |
|
Definition
dorsal
double head of dorsal interossei attaches to thumb and radial side of first finger. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OFA
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, |
|
|
Term
Adductor pollicis (not thenar but in vicinity)
origin/insertion
innervaton
function |
|
Definition
3rd metacarpal/capiate to sesamoids of thumb
ulnar |
|
|
Term
abductor pollicis brevis
origin/insertion
innervation |
|
Definition
scaphoid/trapezium to proximal phalanx
median recurrent |
|
|
Term
flexor pollicis brevis
origin/insertion
innevation |
|
Definition
capitate/trapezium to proximal phalanx
median recurrent |
|
|
Term
opponens pollicis
o/i
innervation |
|
Definition
trapizium to metacarpal
median recurrent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OFA
opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi |
|
|
Term
opponens digiti minimi
o/i
innervation |
|
Definition
hook of hamate to 5th metacarpal
ulnar |
|
|
Term
flexor digiti minimi
o/i
innervation |
|
Definition
hook of hamate to 5th proximal phalanx
ulnar |
|
|
Term
abductor digiti minimi
o/i
innervation |
|
Definition
pisiform to proximal phalanx
ulnar |
|
|
Term
palmaris brevis (not hypothenar but in the vicinity)
o/i
innervation
function |
|
Definition
palmar aponeurosis (ulna side) to hypothenar eminence (lateral border of ulna side of hand)
ulnar
tightens palmar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
Hand..
Abductors usually
Flexors usually
opponens usually |
|
Definition
abductors: attachment from prox phalanx to outer bones of wrist
flexors: MC/PP to middle bones of wrist
opponens: short connection from MC to wrist, located on outide |
|
|
Term
| Path of ulnar nerve shoulder to hand |
|
Definition
ulnar side of arm, passes behind medial epicondyle, under flexor carpi ulnaris. Bifurcates into superficial and deep branches at wrist.
superficial branch goes over flexor retinaculum to half of 4th and 5th fingers.
deep branch goes through guyon's canal and across wrist (deep) to thumb. |
|
|
Term
| path of radial nerve shoulder to hand |
|
Definition
from brachial plexus moves behind humerus (at surgical neck with profundus brachii artery). at mid-humerus follows radial groove (lateral side), and moves anterior along and then superior to lateral epicondyle and capitellum. around head of radius bifurcates into superficial and deep branches.
superficial follows radius (under brachioradialis) following radius laterally then moves behind styloid process, heads to fingers 1-3.5.
deep branch pierces supinator and moves down arm to innervate extensor muscles on radial posterior side of arm. |
|
|
Term
| path of median nerve shoulder to hand |
|
Definition
| leaves brachial plexus, follows medial side of humerus then moves anteriorly at mid humerus, over trochlea. heads towards hand down middle of forearm under FDS, through carpal tunnel to reach hand. innervates fingers 1-3 and 1/2 of 4. |
|
|
Term
9 tendons in carpal tunnel
nerve? |
|
Definition
| 4 FDP, 4 FDS , 1 flexor pollicis longus
median |
|
|
Term
muscles that form snuff box (radial fossa)
nerve/artery that run through? |
|
Definition
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
EPB/ABuctor on left, EPL on right (posterior view)
radial nerve/artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
what fracture is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome
etiology
symptoms |
|
Definition
inflammation of the flexor retinaculum sheath due to repeated movement in tunnel, causing compression of median nerve.
symptoms: numbness/tingling in fingers 2-3, lack of sensation in lateral 3.5 digits, wasting of thenar muscles, lack of opposition
wasting of thenar/lack of opposition due to nerve problmes of median recurrent n. |
|
|
Term
flexor retinaculum
(transverse carpal ligament)
constitution
location
function |
|
Definition
dense connective tissue
extends from pisiform/hook of hamate to tubercle of trapezium
forms carpal tunnel (an osseofibrous tunnel) |
|
|
Term
Guyon's Canal
made my what?
location
function
what passes through? |
|
Definition
between hook of hamate and pisiform bone
formed by pisohamate ligament
deep branch of ulnar nerve and ulnar artery move through here
**just like carpal tunnel syndrome, if ulnar nerve gets compressed pt will feel tingling, loss of sensation, weakness in hypothenar muscles. ** |
|
|
Term
[image]
what would this look like as a cross section, distal and proximal to carpal tunnel?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Palmar Aponeurosis
proximal merges with?
distal merges with? |
|
Definition
thick, strong, deep fascia that covers soft tissues and overlies palmar tendons, blood vessels, and nerves.
Proximal end continuous with flexor retinaculum (underneath)
Distal end - forms 4 longitudinal digital bands (fascicles) that attach to the bases of proximal phalanges, then all bands joined horizontally by superficial transverse metacarpal ligament.
Can still see palmaris brevis, and thenar muscles. |
|
|
Term
Dupuytren's Contracture
what? |
|
Definition
atrophy of palmar aponeurosis, leading to shortening of palmar fascia (chiefly affecting 4th/5th digits)
if gets bad all fingers will assume flexed position. need surgery to fix. |
|
|
Term
common synovial sheath
where, what's in it? |
|
Definition
| in middle of hand, where tendons of FDP/FDS meet. |
|
|
Term
common synovial sheath
where, what's in it? |
|
Definition
| in middle of hand, where tendons of FDP/FDS meet. |
|
|
Term
synovial sheaths (general)
what cover? |
|
Definition
| all flexor tendons of fingers (FDP, FDS, FPL)coming from carpal tunnel. |
|
|
Term
Tenosynovitis
what?
spread depends on what?
on what finger prone to spread? |
|
Definition
infection of digital synovial sheaths causing inflammation of tendon and sheath.
spread depends on connection with common synovial sheath. small finger's sheath is continuous with common sheath so infection is prone to spread to other fingers this way.
otherwise, usually confined to 1 digit |
|
|
Term
osseofibrous tunnel
characteristics |
|
Definition
canal
long flexor tendons pass
formed by fibrous sheaths |
|
|
Term
vincula
what is it?
a degenerate form of what? |
|
Definition
synovial folds containing small blood vessels that feed tendons.
degenerate form of mesotendon. (vincula with more layers that used to attach tendon to wall of tendon sheath) |
|
|
Term
Extensor hood
formed by what?
where are vincula, hood, FDP, FDS, interossei, lumbricals?
|
|
Definition
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Triangular expansion of extensor tendon over the MCP joint.
provides insertion of lumbricals, interosseus
Distal end of metacarpals the four Extensor Digitorum tendons flatten to make the Extensor expansion “hood
[image]
|
|
|
Term
| where touch to test ulnar nerve sensation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where touch to test median nerve sensation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where touch to test radial never sensation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ulnar artery
pathway?
where in relation to ulnar nerve?
what happens when gets to hand?
3 main things |
|
Definition
branches from brachial artery at cubital fossa. moves down ulnar side through guyon's canal with ulnar nerve to hand. after canal divides into palmar superficial arch and deep palmar arch. (the superficial arch extends towards fingers more so than deep arch)
once the superficial arch reaches the thenar eminence it anatomoses with a superficial branch of the radial artery.
LATERAL TO ULNAR NERVE. |
|
|
Term
Radial artery
pathway?
anatomoses with what in hand? |
|
Definition
at cubital fossa (under bicepital aponeurosis) brachial artery bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries.
radial a. then travels under brachioradialis (over pronator teres) down into thenar side of hand. Bifurcates before flexor retinaculum. superficial branch travels over FR to anatomose with superficial palmar arch from ulnar artery.
deep radial branch anatomosese with deep branch of ulnar artery to form deep palmar arch. |
|
|
Term
Deep palmar arch
what + what?
where in relation to superficial palmar arch? |
|
Definition
deep branch of radial a. + deep branch of ulnar a.
if looking at hand, deep arch is inferior to superficial arch |
|
|
Term
superficial palmar arch
what + what? |
|
Definition
| superficial branch of ulnar a. + superficial branch of radial a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most blood in hand comes from which artery?
however, what if one arch or radial/ulnar artery is compromised? |
|
Definition
ULNAR
many cxns exist between arches so blood flow could be maintained in on arch cut.
Blood flow can be maintained with only radial or ulnar artery. but have to do allen's test and check that collateral circulation is OK. |
|
|
Term
cubital tunnel syndrome
where is tunnel? |
|
Definition
cubtial tunnel:
formed by the ulnar head (attaches to ole) and radial head (attaches to ME) of the flexor carpi ulnaris, along with medial epicondyle and ulnar collateral ligament.
ulnar nerve passes through here and can get compressed and cause numbness/tingling in pinky and ring fingers. |
|
|
Term
| What's the other tendon that is found in carpal tunnel but sometimes not considered to be within it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ulnar nerve
innervates how many muscles/which ones?
Deep branch innervates what muscles?
superficial? |
|
Definition
1.5 muscles in forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 FDP)
Deep: Hypothenar, interossei, 1/2 lumbricals, adductor pollicus
Superficial: skin over ulnar distribution of hand |
|
|
Term
| If ulnar nerve damage what happens? |
|
Definition
Claw hand
cannot extend IP/flex MP at pinky/ring, cannot flex distal IP joint and pink/ring,
cannot abduct/adduct non thumb digits
cannot adduct thumb
loss of sensation over ulnar distribution of hand |
|
|
Term
| What hand/forearm muscles does median nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
forearm: all flexors except ulnaris (flexor radialis, palmaris longus, pronator teres, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator quadratus*, 1/2 FDP)
Hand: 3 thenars, 2 radial lumbricals |
|
|
Term
| If only recurrent branch fucked, what happens to hand? |
|
Definition
Ape hand.
thenar muscles dont work. cannot oppose thumb and flattened thenar eminence. |
|
|
Term
| If medial never damage is high (at cubital fossa) what are symptoms? |
|
Definition
Suffers all problems:
no thenars, lack of sensory in lateral 3.5 digits, no pronation, no flexion of distal IP joints (no FDP), weak wrist flexion (forearms muscles), hand of benediction |
|
|
Term
| radial nerve innervates what? |
|
Definition
BEST
all extensors in arm/forearm, brachioradialis, supinator, triceps |
|
|
Term
| what break will cause radial nerve damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
pronator syndrome
what is it?
what nerve affected? |
|
Definition
| median nerves becomes compressed between two heads of pronator teres. |
|
|
Term
| if deep branch of radial nerve damaged, what is result? |
|
Definition
| wrist drop (from lack of extensors), cannot extend thumb/MP joints (extensor digitorum) |
|
|
Term
| if superficial branch of radial nerve damaged what is result? |
|
Definition
loss of sensory over radial nerve distribution of dorsallateral hand.
(passes through snuffbox to posterior dorsal portion) |
|
|
Term
| if radial nerve damage is high (at axilla) what are results? |
|
Definition
| loss of extention of wrist, forarm at elbow joint. cannot extend arm (triceps) |
|
|
Term
| pronation will be lost if what nerve is severed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
common interosseus artery
from what artery?
what branches?
parts? |
|
Definition
ulnar.
branches at end of cubital fossa, around ulnar tuberosity from ulnar artery.
divides into posterior and anterior interossei a. shortly after. (1cm after comes off ulnar artery) |
|
|
Term
anterior interosseus artery
location? |
|
Definition
From common interosseus artery, travels down arm deep between radius and ulna. when gets to dorsal hand anatomoses with posterior interosseus a. and joins dorsal carpal network.
supplies FPL, FDP, carpals, and has other branches |
|
|
Term
posterior interosseus artery
path?
blood supply to what? |
|
Definition
after bifurcation, pierces interosseous membrane and travels posterior.
blood supply to deep muscles in posterior forearm |
|
|
Term
Where is deltopectoral triangle?
What pierces through here? |
|
Definition
a triangle in the upper chest region that is bounded medially by the clavicle, superiorly by the deltoid m. and inferiorly by the pectoralis major m.
pierced by the cephalic vein |
|
|
Term
Humural structures:
greater/lesser tubercle, surgical neck, bicepital groove, radial groove, trochlea, capitellum, epicondyles, deltoid tuberosity, anatomical neck, coranoid fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ulna/Radius
olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid process, head, neck, radial tuberosity, ulnar tuberosity, radial notch of ulna, styloids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| three muscles that attach to coracoid process |
|
Definition
| pect major, coracobrachialis, short head of bicep |
|
|
Term
| back muscles that laterally rotate |
|
Definition
| teres minor, infraspinatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0-15 degrees: supraspinatus
15-90 degrees: deltoid
90-180: serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
| back muscles that medially rotate arm |
|
Definition
| Lat dorsi, teres major, subscapularis |
|
|
Term
quadrangle space
borders?
runs through? |
|
Definition
teres minor (sup), teres major (inf) surgical neck of humerus (lat), long head of triceps (med)
axillary n, posterior humeral circumflex artery |
|
|
Term
triangular interval
borders?
runs through? |
|
Definition
teres major (sup), long head of triceps (medial), lateral head of triceps (lateral)
radial nerve, profundus brachii a. |
|
|
Term
triangular space
borders?
runs through? |
|
Definition
teres minor (sup), teres major (inf), long head of triceps
circumflex scapular (SPACE/SCAPULAR) |
|
|
Term
| cardinal sign of long thoracic n. damage? |
|
Definition
winged scapula.
innervates serratus anterior which protracts scapula. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Erb's palsy
which roots of BP damaged?
presentation?
-etiology? |
|
Definition
C5/C6
upper extremity medially rotated (paralysis of rotator cuff muscles) paralyzed, no abduction/flexion, can move fingers, 'waiter's tip'.
neck/shoulder stretched too much, baby pulled out by head (breech) |
|
|
Term
Klumpke's palsy
what roots affected?
presentation?
etiology? |
|
Definition
C8/T1
intrinsic muscles of hand paralyzed. (claw hand)
pulling of arm, grabbing branch upon fall, kid being pulled out of snow, baby out of womb by arm (breeched) |
|
|
Term
posterior cord of BP
what branches?
what main type of muscle they innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do median and ulnar nerves innervate in arm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Axillary a. branches STLSAP.
Then what? |
|
Definition
| subscapular branches into thoracodorsal and scapular circumflex |
|
|
Term
collateral circulation of axillary artery
[image] |
|
Definition
Artery on left = dorsal scapular, moves down anatomoses with thoracodorsal (bottom) to lateral border of scapula.
artery on right = suprascapular ->circumflex scapular
If axillary artery ligated need to get blood to arm somehow. Body has own collateral system. Blood will move through from axillary - thyocervical trunk - suprascapular - circumflex scapular to posterior circumflex or down axillary to profunda brachii
|
|
|
Term
interosseous membrane
what is it, where?
functions |
|
Definition
dense connective tissue between radius and ulna.
Separates flexor & extensor compartments
transfers force from radius to ulna |
|
|
Term
| superficial flexor muscles all originate where (except brachioradialis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachioradialis
innervated by?
function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intermediate and deep muscles in flexor (anterior) compartment |
|
Definition
Intermediate
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Deep
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicus Longus
Pronator Quadratus |
|
|
Term
Tennis Elbow
what kind of epicondylitis?
caused by? |
|
Definition
lateral epicondylitis
from chronic inflammation of the origin of extensor muscles in forearm. |
|
|
Term
golfer's epicondylitis
what kind of epicondylitis?
caused by? |
|
Definition
medial epicondylitis
caused by small tear/inflammation in the origin of flexor muscles for forearm. |
|
|
Term
cubital fossa
bounded by?
contains what? |
|
Definition
bounded by brachioradialis and pronator teres.
Mnemonic: Ron Beats Bad Man. (lateral to medial)
radial n., biceps tendon, brachial artery (which splits here), median nerve. |
|
|
Term
coracobrachialis
i/o
inervation
function |
|
Definition
coracoid process to mid humerus
musculocutaneous
flexes arm |
|
|
Term
biceps brachii
o/i
inn
function |
|
Definition
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
short head: coracoid process
--> radial tuberosity of radius.
musculocutaneous
flexes arm/forearm, supinates forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mid humerus to coronoid process of ulna and ulna tuberosity
musculocutaneous
flexes forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral head: superior radial groove of humerus (located posterior, second third of humerus)
medial head: inferior to radial groove
long head: infraglenoid tubercule
all to olecranon process.
radial nerve
extends forearm
lateral is most lateral, median head under lateral. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral epicondyle to upper ulna
radial
extends forearm |
|
|
Term
| i/o of superficial flexors (4) |
|
Definition
FCulnaris (ME to base of 5th MC)
PalmarisL (ME to palm aponeurosis)
FCradialis (ME to bases of 2&3 MC)
PT (ME to radius) |
|
|
Term
Flexor carpi radialis
fucntions? |
|
Definition
flex forearm/hand and ABducts.
RABiD |
|
|
Term
only intermediate forarm muscle
i/o
inn
fucntion |
|
Definition
medial epicondyle to middle phalanges
median
flexes PIPs, hand/wrist |
|
|
Term
Deep flexor muscles
i/o
inn
function
no longer medial epicondyle! |
|
Definition
FDP: anterior ulna/interosseus mem to distal phalanges
1/2 ulnar 1/2 median
flexes distal phalanges and hand
Flexor Pollicis longus
antradius/interossmem to distal phalanx of thumb
median
flexes thumb/hand
Pronator quadratus
radius to ulna
median
pronates |
|
|
Term
extensors of forearm
medial to lateral (post view) |
|
Definition
ExCarpiRadLong, ExCarpiRadBrev, ExDigitorum, ExDigMinimi, ExCarpiUlnar
(ExCarpRadBrevis underneath ECRlong) |
|
|
Term
brachioradialis
i/o
inn
fuction |
|
Definition
lateral epicondyle to styloid of radius
radial
flexes arm |
|
|
Term
which flexor orginiates from lateral epicondyle?
what nerve is this muscle innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
superficial extensors
i/o? |
|
Definition
all originate at lateral epicondyle
ExCarpRadLong: to 2rd MC
ExCarpRadBrev: to 3rd MC
ExDigitorum: to extensor expansion, base of middle and distal phalanges
ExDigMinimi: to dorsal expansion, pinky
ExCarpUlnaris: to 5th MC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ExIndicis: ulna/IOMem to extensor hood of index
ExPollicisLongus: ulna/IOmem to distal phalanx of thumb
ExPollicisBrevis: radius/IOmem to proximal phalanx of thumb
AbductorPollLong: ulna/IOmem to base of MC
Supinator: lateral epicondyle to radius |
|
|
Term
| Pollicis extendors extend as well as... |
|
Definition
abduct
EXPolLong EXPolBrev |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral epicondyle to radius (under radialis extensors)
radial
supinates |
|
|
Term
| when do tendons of FDS split? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whihc flexors don't originate at medial epicondyle? |
|
Definition
| FDP, FPL, Brachioradialis |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi ulnaris does what in addition to extending hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which extensors dont start at lateral epicondyle? |
|
Definition
ex indicis
ex pollicis longus
ex pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus |
|
|
Term
dorsal scapular
what Cs?
innerves what |
|
Definition
C5
rhomboids/levator scapulae |
|
|
Term
long thoracic
Cs
n?
how damaged usually? |
|
Definition
C5-C7
serratus anterior
radical mastectomy, thoracic surgery, stab wound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C5, C6
supraspinatus, infraspinatus |
|
|
Term
nerve to subclavius
Cs
innerv? |
|
Definition
C5, C6
subclavius muscle.
note: joins accessory phrenic nerve to form the phrenic nerve. |
|
|
Term
lateral pectoral nerve
Cs
inn?
what runs with it? |
|
Definition
C5-C7
pectoralis major/minor
pectoral branch of thoracoacromial a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C5-C7
biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis
descends between these muscles. |
|
|
Term
medial pectoral nerve
Cs
Inn? |
|
Definition
C8 - T1
pect minor (pierces it) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Musculocutaneous nerve
Cs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lower subscapular n.
innervates? |
|
Definition
| 1/2 subscapularis , teres major |
|
|
Term
| largest branch of brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
injury to post cord of brachplex
how could happen?
result? |
|
Definition
from compression by crutch. (crutch palsy)
loss of function of extensors of arm, forearm, hand - wrist drop |
|
|
Term
injury to axillary nerve
how?
result? |
|
Definition
fracture of surgical neck of humerus OR interior dislocation of humerus
weakness in lateral rotation, abduction |
|
|
Term
injury to radial nerve
how?
result? |
|
Definition
fracture of midshaft of humerus
loss of function of extensors, wrist drop |
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Term
injury to median nerve
how
result? |
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Definition
compression of carpal tunnel or supracondylar fracture
loss of pronation, opposition of thumb, no flexion in lateral two PIP joints, flattening of thenar eminence |
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Term
injury to musculocutaneous nerve
result? |
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Definition
| weakness in flexion of flexion of forearm (bichep/brachialis, coracobrach) and supination |
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Term
common interosseous artery originates from what artery?
anterior and posterior interosseous nerves originate from what nerves? |
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Definition
artery from ulnar a.
anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve. (branches in cubital fossa, runs with anterior interosseus artery.
deep branch of radial nerve becomes posterior interosseus nerve close to hand. |
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Term
injury to ulnar nerve
how?
results? |
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Definition
fracture of medial epicondyle.
claw hand. no abduction or adduction of fingers. no flexion of MP/extension of PIP on pinky/ring. wasted hypothenar eminence and palm. loss of adduction in thumb. |
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Term
| flexors not innervates by median nerve and their innervations |
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Definition
medial 1/2 FDP (ulnar) FCUlnaris (Ulnar)
Brachioradialis (Radial) |
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Term
| what does tenderness in snuffbox indicate? |
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Definition
scaphoid fracture
problem: could lead to avascular necrosis of the scaphoid bone |
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Term
| sensory deficit of median nerve |
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Definition
| can't feel dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers |
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Term
Colles fracture / dinner fork
what?
where?
how?
most commonly in who? |
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Definition
distal fracture of radius and ulnar styloid
dinner fork because wrist will rest behind it's normal anatomical position
caused by a strong force pushing hand into forearm, ex. falling and catching weight with hand
most common +50 |
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Term
Wrist Joint (Radiocarpal)
how does wrist articulate with forearm? |
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Definition
| condylar (round articular surface, elliptical cavity) joint formed superiorly by radius and articular disk, inferior by schaphoid and lunate and triquetrum |
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Term
Parts of radius to identify: ulnar notch, styloid process, head, radial tuberosity
Ulna: radial notch, coronoid process, olecranon, trochlear process, head, styloid, tuberosity
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Definition
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Term
annular ligament
where? does what? |
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Definition
a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna.
[image] |
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Term
| glenohumeral ligaments coracoclavicular ligament coracoacromial ligament |
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Definition
superior, middle, inferior (glenohumeral)
[image]
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Term
| transverse humeral ligament |
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Definition
extend between greater/lesser tubercles. holds tendon of long head of biceps in biceptial groove
[image]
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lip-like fibrocartilaginous projection in scapular glenoid fossa |
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Term
| Bursa in glenohumeral joint function? 3 types |
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Definition
sac of liquid to prevent tendons and muscles fraying as they rub over bones subscapular, subacromial, subdeltoid
[image] |
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Term
| fracture in greater tuberosity, how? |
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Definition
violent contractions of supraspinatus.
if breaks infra, supra and teres minor would still be attached |
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Term
| fracture of lesser tuberosity, how? |
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Definition
| accompanies posterior dislocation, leaving subscapularis attached to it |
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Term
fracture of shaft
what would be injured? |
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Definition
| radial artery and deep brachial artery, both in spiral groove |
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Term
shoulder separation
what is it really?
how? |
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Definition
acromioclavicular joint dislocation. shoulder becomes separated from clavicle
from fall on outstretched arm. |
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Term
dislocation of shoulder joint
what direction usually happens in? |
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Definition
dislocation of glenohumeral joint.
anteroinferior direction... here there are lack of rotator cuff muscles. |
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Term
Referred pain to shoulder.
probably from where? |
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Definition
| from diaphram. Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) has same origin as supraclavicular nerve (C4-C5) which supplies sensory fibers to shoulder. |
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Term
rupture of rotator cuff
how occur?
usual symptoms |
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Definition
chronic wear/tear, acute fall on outstreched arm
severe limitation of movement, especially abduction |
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Term
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Definition
| encloses pectoralis minor, extends inferolaterally to attach to axillary fascia as suspensory ligament of axilla |
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Term
| quadrangle space, triangular interval, trinagular space! |
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Definition
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Term
| what does radial nerve innervate in hand? |
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Definition
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Term
Sensory distribution of hand
radial
median
ulnar |
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Definition
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Term
| most commonly dislocated large joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| what nerve and artery may be damaged when the shoulder is dislocated? |
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Definition
axillary and posterior humeral circumlex joint tends to dislocated anteriorly and inferiorily, so nerve/art can be compressed, torn, damaged
[image] |
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Term
what kind of joint is elbow?
what structure allows for supination and pronation? |
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Definition
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Term
Subluxation of elbow
also called?
what is it?
who is it common to? |
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Definition
nursemaid's elbow
annular ligament gets slipped off radius and fixed in radial-humeral joint space
happens when an extended arm gets pulled
most often in children 1-5 |
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Term
mallet finger
how get it?
what happens? |
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Definition
Uncontrolled rapid flexion of DIP joint causes rupture of the extensor tendon. (pushed down while straightened)
without treatment and with time the IP joint may swaneck (hyperextend) |
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Term
Jersey finger
how?
what is it? |
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Definition
Often occurs while grabbing a jersey while a player is pulling away
Causes partial or complete avulsion of FDP (flexor digitorum profundus) tendon at its attachment to distal phalanx.
DIP cannot flex, usually on ring finger |
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Term
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Definition
central slip of extensor hood (at PIP) torn. PIP cannot extend.
lateral extensor tendons are still attached to dip. distal phalanz gets pulled back towards hand in extended position |
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Term
| if looked at cross-section of wrist will probably see which ones? |
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Definition
| a little triquetrium, scaphoid, capitate, hamate, pisiform |
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Term
| borders of axillary artery |
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Definition
| outer border of first rib to inferior border of teres major |
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Term
| if brachial artery ligated at its origin what artey could supply blood to the profundus brachii? |
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Definition
posterior humeral circumflex.
it goes around humerus and joins with another artery that will eventually anatomose with profunda brachii |
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Term
triceps insertion?
biceps insertion? |
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Definition
triceps = olecranon
biceps = radial tuberosity |
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Term
| blood for extensor compartment in forearm comes from what artery? |
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Definition
| posterior interosseous (ulnar) |
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Term
median branches, what innervate?
median
medial recurrent
anterior interosseus |
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Definition
FCRad, PL, FDS, PT
thenars
FPL, PQ, 1/2 FDP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which AC joint ligament provides most strength? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to clavicle when coracoclavicular ligaments rupture (or clavical breaks in the middle?) |
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Definition
medial side of clavicle lifted upward by sternocleomastoid muscle
lateral side pulled downward by deltoid and gravity. |
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Term
ulnar collateral ligament
radial collateral ligament
join what? |
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Definition
UCL: humerus to ulna
RCL: humerus to radius |
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Term
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Definition
common in young adults
happens when fall onto abducted hand (away in medial plane) |
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Term
angle of inclincation
kids
adults
females
eldery |
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Definition
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