Increase RR but decrease TV

Decreases the ventilatory response to hypercarbia--> hold on to more CO2--> rightward shift in the curve 

Causes CNS stimulation 

Decrease responsiveness to CO2--> rightward shift in the curve

Interferes with pontine medullary ventilatory center that regulates rhythm

Cause SLOW and DEEP breaths--> sometimes apnea 

Depresses ventilatory response to HYPOXIA

Also decreases responsiveness to PaCO2

Dose dependent effect on ventilation 

Does not significantly depress ventilation

PaCO2 is unlikely to increase > 3 mmHg

Rate may be decreased but duration of effect is short

Acts as a bronchodilator 

Ventilatory depressant

Mediated by decreased in HYPOXIC drive 

Can be seen even with 90% of receptors blocked

Adequate amount of muscle strength must be present to allow spontaneous or assitsted ventilation 

Strict management of PaCO2 and PaO2

Titrate agents that affect respiratory drive 

APL valve setting

Fresh Gas Flow

Pt Tidal Volume

If ventilating with mask do you have a good seal?

End tidal will always be 2-5 mmHg less than PaCO2 

EtCO2 i the most accurate measurement of at patient's ventilation 

EtCO2

EBBSH

Chest Rise and Fall

Mositure in the tube

TV

Latest sign pulse ox