Term
|
Definition
| physical characteristics that are studied in genetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of heredity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism's genetic combination (ex)Tt or TT or tt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is
passed from parent to offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different forms of a gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sections of DNA found on a chromosome that controls a trait that an
organism inherits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process of passing traits from parent to offspring
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a pair of chromosomes contains different alleles for a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism's physical appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the traits of an organism change over time naturally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an allele whose trait always shows up and masks the
recessive allele |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an allele that is covered up when a dominant allele is
present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when a trait has 2 identical alleles producing offspring with the
same forms of each trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having 2 identical alleles for a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process of a few organisms with desired traits to
serve as parents for the next generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having 2 different alleles for a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of populations that are best-suited or adapted to their environment surviving and reproducing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a section of DNA that controls a trait that an organism inherits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a technique used to improve the quality of an organism by selecting or choosing certain organisms for reproduction.
Ex. A cow with leaner meat is bred with a cow that survives in dry,arid climates.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PHYSICAL characteristics that an organism can pass to its offspring.
Ex. eye color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the far right of the periodic table, you will see the _______ which usually gain or share valence electrons in a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Starting from the left side of the periodic table, you’ll notice that most of the elements are _____._______ usually give up their valence electrons in a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between the metals and the nonmetals are elements known as ________. They have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrons that are farthest away from the nucleus or most loosely held |
|
|
Term
1) # of valence electrons move to 8
2) or all the valence electrons are given up
WHICH MAKES THE ATOM MORE STABLE |
|
Definition
| When an atom forms a chemical bond, two things happen: |
|
|
Term
| Neutrons = Atomic Mass Rounded - Atomic Number |
|
Definition
| What is the formula used to calculate neutrons? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of protons and electrons are the same as the ____________. |
|
|
Term
Atomic Number equals
Protons
Electrons
Mass Number (rounded) minue
Atomic Number equals
Neutrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In addition to physical properties, the periodic table also tells you something about chemical properties. For example, the ease with which a metal reacts with other substances decreases from left to right across a period. The elements in Group 1 are all metals that react violently with water. The metals in Group 11, however, react with water slowly or not at all. For nonmetals, the opposite is true. Nonmetals in Groups 13 through 17 become more reactive from left to right. Group 18 elements are an exception. They almost never react.
Periodic Trends |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Density and melting points are two other physical properties reflected in the organization of the elements. Density usually increases as you move down a group. Also as you move down, the melting points of metals decrease and those of nonmetals increase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An element’s physical and chemical properties can be predicted from its location in the periodic table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the average mass of one atom of the element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What kind of charge does an electron carry? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An atom is neutral because it contains ________ number of protons and electrons. |
|
|
Term
| F, Only Protons and Electrons |
|
Definition
T or F
Protons and Neutrons have opposite charges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of particle moves in the space outside the nucleus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positive electric charge + |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest part of an element |
|
|
Term
protons stay the same
neutrons vary |
|
Definition
| Atoms of any particular element always have the same number of ________, but the number of ________ may vary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means |
|
|
Term
1) hard, shiny, malleable(hammer into sheets), ductile(drawn into wire)
2) good conductors of electricity/heat
3) some are attracted to magnets |
|
Definition
| Physical Properties of metals |
|
|
Term
1) dull, not shiny, not ducticle or malleable, they are crumbly
2) do not conduct electricity or heat very well
3) not attracted to magnets |
|
Definition
| Physical properties of non-metals |
|
|
Term
1) Some properties of both
2) Ability to conduct electricity
(Used as semi-conductors) |
|
Definition
| Metalloids Physical Properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in matter that produces one or more new substances |
|
|
Term
| Ways to detect chemical change |
|
Definition
Gas produced
Color may change
A solid may appear when the two are mixed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T or F
Valence electrons can be determined by the group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of matter involved in achemical reaction does not change. The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most useful property of the metalloids is their varying ability to ________________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A combination of two or more atoms that are bonded together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change in matter that produces one or more new substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) reacts with vinegar, the reaction takes heat from the solution, making it feel cooler. This kind of reaction, which absorbs energy, is called an _______reaction . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The reaction that occurs in cold pack is another example of an ________ reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reaction in a barbecue grill between charcoal and oxygen in the air releases enough energy to cook a meal. This energy is given off as heat. A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat is called an ___________ reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of symbols that represent the elements in a compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A combination of symbols that shows the ratio of the elements in a compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that enters into a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of matter involved in a chemical reaction does not change. The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation, that indicates how many atoms or molecules of each reactant and product take part in the reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ________ reaction produces materials that have different properties than the starting materials had. Each reaction either absorbs or releases energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True or False
Every chemical reaction needs activation energy to get started. Endothermic reactions need energy to continue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume of a substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anything that has matter and takes up space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of mass within a certain volume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grams, Triple Beam Balance |
|
Definition
| Mess is measureed in ____ using a __________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not make the material into another substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force or pull of gravity on a object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amount of space an object occupies
The amount of space an objects takes up or contains |
|
|
Term
Graduated Cylinder (Liters or Milliters)
Scale (lbs)
Triple Beam Balance (Grams) or Kilograms |
|
Definition
What items measure -
Volume
Weight
Mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which can change in space? Mass or Weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solid volume is measured by ______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irregular solids can be measured using a ____________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upward force that keeps things afloat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When an object is immersed in water, and the water is pushed out to make room for the object |
|
|
