A measure of an adult's weight in relation to his or her height. 

adults weight in kilograms/ square of his or her height in meters

30 or higher is considered obese. 

State Specific Prevalence of Obesity among US adults by Race/ethnicity

Black Non-Hispanic:

Summary of this group in the map findings..

FOR NON-HISPANIC BLACKS:

Overall prevalance of obesity is 35.7%

• Higher prevalences were found in the Midwest and in the South
• 40 states had a prevalence of > or = to 30%
• highest prevalence was 45.1% in Maine
• 5 states had a prevalence of > or = to 40%

State Specific Prevalence of Obesity among US adults by Race/ethnicity

For Hispanics, summar of findings was..

Overall prevalence of obesity was 28.7%

• lower prevalence was observed in the NE
• highest was 36.7% in TN
• 11 states had a prevalence of > or= to 30%

State Specific Prevalence of Obesity among US adults by Race/ethnicity

Whites, summary of findings was...

Overall prevalence of obesity was 23.7%

• Higher prevalence were found in the midwest and the south
• highest prevalence was 30.2% in West Virginia
• 1 state  had a prevalence of obesity > or = to 30%
• 5 states had a prevalence of < 20 %

• Hypertension
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Stroke
• Gallbladder Disease
• Sleep apnea and respiratory problems
• some cancers such as breast and colon cancer

In just two decades,

the prevalence of overweight doubled for US children ages 6 to 11 

AND 

tripled for American teenagers

What percentage of US Medical costs can be blamed on obesity?

How much money is this actually?

Who conducted this research?

17%

168 billion dollars

1. John Cawley of Cornell
2. Chad Meyerhoefer of Lehigh University

Funding Medicaid ( low income people)  and Medicare (elderly, disabled)

-funded by our tax dollars

- good for eyesight. 

-helps you grow properly and aids in healthy skin

- The B vitamins are important in metabolic activity 

-means that they help make energy and set it free when your body needs it

• important for keeping body tissues such as gums and muscles in good shape. 
• Also helps you heal your wounds
• And helps your body fight against infection. 

• Vitamin you need for strong bones
• helps your body absorb the amount of calcium it needs

• maintains a lot of your body's tissues such as the ones in your eyes, skin, and liver
• helps in the formation of red blood cells

• provide an immediate source of energy
• cells need energy for processes such as growth, repair, and movement

• Normal growth and development
• Energy (fat is the most concentrated source of energy)
• Absorbing certain vitamins ( like vitamins A, D, E, K, and carotenoids)
• Providing cushioning for the organs
• Maintaining cell membranes
• Providing taste, consistency, and stability to foods

• building block of cells
• essential for the healthy growth and repair of body cells and tissues
• cannot be stored in the body
• 80g is needed every day
• any excess protein is broken down by the liver
• milk, eggs, cheese

Govt Agencies that oversee our food supply: 

theres 7. 

1) FDA : all domestic and imported food except meat and poultry. Bottled Water. Wine (<7% alcohol)

2) USDA: all domestic and imported meat and poultry incluing products containing these foods such as frozen pizza. Processed egg products. Secretary of Ag Thomas Wilsack oversees the USDA

3) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Fish and seafood. Seafood inspection program

4) CDC (centers for disease control): All foods. Food borne diseases. Trains local and state food safety personnel. 

5) EPA: drinking water

6) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms: alcohol beverages EXCEPT wine. 

7) US customs: imported food. 

1. Public Health and Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act- 2002
2. Trans fat labels-2003
3. Action plan for obesity-2003
4. Scientific criteria to ensure safe food-2003
5. food allergy labeling and consumer protection act-2004
6. anabolic steroid control act-2004
7. FDA bans dietary supplements with ephedrine alkaloids-2004

• on the rise in popularity
• Functional food or medicinal food is any healthy food claimed to have a health-promoting or disease-preventing property beyond the basic function of supplying nutrients.^[1] The general category of functional foods includes processed food or foods fortified with health-promoting additives, like "vitamin-enriched" products. Fermented foods with live cultures are considered as functional foods with probiotic benefits.

1900: hamburgers on a bun

1924: pasterized milk, 1st frozen food

1930: Snack food-- twinkie

1954: TV dinner, aluminum

1965: microwave

1. Carbs
2. Lipids (fat)
3. Minerals
4. Proteins
5. Vitamins
6. Water

Condsumer choices are determined by:

• tastes and preferences
• habit and conveience
• culture, emotions, and values
• cost
• nutrition, health benefits, and body image
• innovation and marketing

by 10%

important because consumer spending on food is an indication of how healty our economy is

• $6,133 per consumer unit/ per year
• $47-$49 per week per person
• $117.94 per consumer unit/ per week

USDA food plan

• The USDA food plan serves as a national standard for a nutritious diet at a low cost.
• it represents a set of "market baskets" of food that people of specific age and gender could consume at home to maintain a healthful diet that meets current dietary standards

Who spends a higher proportion on food--low income or high income families?

Does rising food prices and sales tax on food affect low income families or high income families more?

47.8 million

• working age (18-64) : 12.9%
• elderly: 16.1%
• Children: 18%

• Defined as half of the federal poverty line, 
• an annual income of less than $11,000 for a family of 4
• an annual income of less than $6000 for an individual
• Mississippi : 9.3% in deep poverty

BACK THEN:

- 1955, families of 3+ spent about 1/3 of their after-tax income on food.

- she then multiplied the cost of the USDA economy food plan by 3 to arrive at the minimal yearly income a family would need

- in 1963 she arrived at $3,100 a year as the poverty threshold for a family of 4 

TODAY: 

-families no longer spend 1/3, now they spend 1/6 of their income on food. The rest of it goes towards housing transportation and utilities. 

-For a family of 4 the Orshanky version of how much the family would need would be $18,751 a year, but the amended version is (6250 x 6) which is $37,502 the family would need a year

-anything below that =poverty.  

Serves as the first line of defense against hunger.

• enables low-income families to but nutritious food with EBT cards.
• Food stamp recipients spend their benefits to buy eligible food in authorized retail food stores. 
• can ONLY be used to buy food. NOT cigarettes, alcohol, or medicines. 

1. open dating
2. pull date
3. expiration date
4. quality assurance date
5. pack date

1. open dating: date when a product should be sold or consumed
2. pull date: last day the product should be sold
3. expiration date: last date a product should be consumed
4. quality assurance date: last date a product is at its peak
5. pack date: date the product was manufactured or packaged. 

1. 3 x
2. 4 x

1. UK
2. Austrailia
3. US

• also known as the "buy local" movement
• began in Italy and is to promote the buying of locally grown food

Genetic engineering:

Biotechnology:

Genetic engineering: use of biotechnology to modify living cells

ex: modified tomatoes have a longer shelf life

Biotechnology: use of organism to create or modify products

ex: use of bacteria to make yogurt or adding genes to make products more resistant to insects or viruses. 

• food radiation: using x-rays or high voltage electronics to kill potentially harmful substances in foods such as bacteria. 

• can be added on purpose or by accident
• purpose: ex: food coloring or preservatives
• on accident: rocks or small bug 

• salmonella in Peanut Butter
• e-coli in spinach
• cows with Mad cows disease