Term
| presents with headache worse of coughing or straining or sneezing, neurological defect depends on the location and size: diplopia [CN VI], deafness [CN VIII], dysphagia [CN X], irrational thoughts [frontal lobe], blurred vision and papilledema; |
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Definition
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Term
| CT scan or MRI of brain will show the location, size and nature of the mass. |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with head pain related to specific neck movements, decreased passive neck movements with taut and tender neck muscles; |
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Definition
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Term
| x-rays of the cervical spine may show abnormal curvature or head carrying posture. |
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Definition
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Term
| syndrome of recurrent paroxysmal episodes of sudden severe unilateral headaches occurs over a period of weeks at the same time every day, may be triggered by alcohol or afternoon naps, may be associated with red eye, nasal congestion and a runny nose on the same side of the headache. |
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Definition
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Term
| syndrome of recurrent unilateral throbbing headaches that are preceded by an aura of flashing lights; associated with nausea and vomting, photophobia and phonophobia, aggravated by activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| syndrome of recurrent unilateral throbbing headaches that are not preceded by an aura of flashing lights; associated with nausea and vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, worse with activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| skin infection caused by HHV type 3 virus [varicella zoster]; presents with a prodrome of pain and hypersensitive area of skin along a dermatome followed by a vesicular pustular rash along a dermatome usually in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. |
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Definition
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Term
| sustained elevation of blood pressure greater than 140/90 on at least 3 consecutive occasions; 5% may be associated with hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s disease, Conn’s disease or pheochromocytoma, the rest is known as essential hypertension; |
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Definition
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Term
| may be seen more often in overweight patients who smoke and drink alcohol excessively; may be asymptomatic or with headaches or evidence of end organ damage: cardiomegaly, silver wiring of retinal vessels; hypernatremia may be present, chest x-ray may show cardiomegaly. |
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Definition
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Term
| respiratory tract infection caused by the influenza virus which is spread by droplets or aerosol dispersal; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with abrupt onset of fever, headache, myalgia and a stuffy nose, may worsen into a pneumonia especially in the very young and the elderly; serology is needed to identify the strain. |
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Definition
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Term
| may be viral or bacterial; presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness and convulsions, Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s tests may be positive; leucocytes and bacteria may be present in the CSF in a lumbar puncture in bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
| localized pain associated with trigger points; presents with tender points on specific muscles which when pressed, produce pain that radiates in a particular pattern. |
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Definition
| Myofascial Pain Syndrome: |
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Term
| inflammation of the middle ear; may be viral or bacterial [Hemophilus influenzae is most common in children]; common in children because of the straight Eustachian tube; presents with ear pain and mild hearing loss, there might be a fever with loss of appetite, the tympanic membrane is swollen and red. |
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Definition
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Term
| headache triggered by sex’ presents with throbbing headaches with no neurological deficits. |
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Definition
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Term
| infection of one of the paranasal sinuses, usually the frontal or maxillary sinus, may be bacterial or viral in nature; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with facial pain which is worse on bending forwards, there may be tenderness on percussion over the eye [frontal sinus], below the eye [maxillary sinus] or between the eyes [ethmoid sinus], there may be fever and a block nose; CT scan will show the affected sinus with swollen mucosa and possible fluid in the sinus. |
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Definition
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Term
| rupture of one of the vessels in the circle of Willis, often seen in berry aneurysms; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with sudden onset of the worse ever headache with or without change in the level of consciousness, neck stiffness but no fever, Kernig’s and Brudzinsku’s tests may be positive; |
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Definition
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Term
| CT scan of the brain will confirm the bleeding, lumbar puncture will show blood in the CSF or may have a yellow tinge. |
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Definition
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Term
| giant cell inflammation of the temporal artery, may be seen in patients with polymyalgia rheumatic; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with unilateral throbbing headache with tender swollen superficial temporal artery; ESR will be greatly elevated; urgent referral is necessary to prevent blindness. |
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Definition
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Term
| multifoctoral including joint degeneration, trauma and stress; presents with jaw pain associated with clicking or popping sounds in opening the joint, tenderness on palpation with limited opening of the joint. |
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Definition
| Temporomandibular joint dysfunction: |
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Term
| chronic recurrent daily headaches which are bilateral and squeezing in nature; |
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Definition
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Term
| headaches are not aggravated by activity and are not associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia or phonophobia. |
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Definition
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Term
| disorder of the trigeminal nerve producing excruciating pain in the face triggered by cold, touch, wind or chewing; presents with severe excruciating, lancinating pain which may last between a few seconds up to 2 minutes along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve; |
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Definition
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Term
| MRI may reveal an aberrant artery near one of the divisions of the nerve. |
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Definition
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