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Gymnosperms
All about gymnosperms
16
Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/17/2010

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Cards

Term
Layers of gymnosperm leaf:
Definition

-cuticle

-epidermis

-hypodermis (made of sclerenchyma)

Term
Adaptations for arid climates
Definition
cuticle/epi/hypodermis; sunken stomata,
Term
Interior structure of leaf
Definition

mesophyll=uniform, no palisade/spongy mesophyll

mesophyll forms layers w/ air space above/below along interior of hypoderm;

ducts secrete resin in response to wounding, etc

 

Term
Vascular bundle
Definition
found @ center; surrounded by transfusion tissue
Term
All conifers are
Definition
woody perennial plants with lateral meristems and secondary growth
Term
Secondary xylem made of
Definition

tracheids and ray parenchyma, and contains no vessels;

some trachieds more for support than transport

Term
Phloem consists primarily of
Definition
sieve cells and parenchyma
Term
Gymnosperm wood
Definition
soft wood
Term
Angiosperm wood
Definition
hardwood (usually more dense)
Term
Cones
Definition

Bear micro/megasporangia;

smaller=microspores; usually lower, so pollinated by wind

Term
Each scale on cone:
Definition

has two microspore moms;

meiosis to 4 microspores

mitosis to 4 winged pollen grain

blown to pollinate

Term
Each scale of female=
Definition

2 mega spores;

ext cells of ovule=integuement

int=nucellus tissue

Term
micropyle
Definition

small hole where outer tissue doesn't meet;

pollen tube grows through nucellus (up to 6 mos) and eventually pollen goes through here to fertilize ovary

Term
While pollen tube forming:
Definition
generative cell divides; forms a spermatogenous cell and a sterile cell
Term
spermatogenous cell
Definition

divides again to produce two sperm;

one unites with w/ egg, other disintegrates

 

Term
Why no pericarp/fruit?
Definition

no ovary or ovary wall;

integument develops into the seed coat

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