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GVPT ch. 1 2 5 6
GVPT democracy, constitution, civil lib and rights
23
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2009

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Term
Democracy
Definition
A system of government that gives the power to the people, whether directly or through elected offcials.
Term
monarchy
Definition
A form of governemt where power is vested in hereditary kings and queens
Term
totalitarianism
Definition
A form of governement in which poer resides in a leader who rules according to self interest and without regards to individual rights and liberites.
Term
oligarchy
Definition
A form of govenrment in which the right to participate is conditioned the posession of wealth, social status, millitary position or achievement.
Term
Social contract theory
Definition
The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, this in turns requires that all people give their consent to be govenred. espoused by John Locke.
Term
republic
Definition
A government rooted in the consent of the governed. A representative of indirect democracy
Term
majority rule
Definition
the central premise of DIRECT DEMOCRACY is- which only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made into law
Term
popular consent
Definition
The principle that government must draw thier powers from the ocnsent of the governed.
Term
mercantilism
Definition
an economic thoery designed to increase a nations wealth through the development of comercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.
Term
confederation
Definition
Type of government where where the national gov derives powers from the states , aleagu of independent states.
Term
Great Comprimise
Definition
The Final decision of the constitutional Convention to create a two house legislature with the lower house elected by the people and with the powers divided between the tow houses. Also made national law supreme.
Term
supremeacy clause
Definition
Mandates that national law is supreme to all other laws passes by the states or any other subdivision of government.
Term
full faith and credit clause
Definition
provision of the constituiton that mandates states to honor the laws and judicial proceedings of other states.
Term
Marbury vs. Madison
Definition
set the precedent that federal courts had the power to nullify acts of the nations government when it was determined to be in conflict with the constitution.(judicial review)
Term
Due process
Definition
clauses contained in the fith and fourteenth amendment. Gurantees to individuals a variety of rights
Term
establishment clause
Definition
The first clause in the first ammendment; it prohibits the national government from establishing a national religeon.
Term
free excercise clause
Definition
The second clause of the first ammendment: it prohibits the us gov from interfering with a citizens right to practice religeon
Term
selective incorporation
Definition
A judicial doctrine whereby most but not all of the of the protections found in the bill of rights are made applicable to the staes via the fourteenth ammendment.
Term
prior restraint
Definition
constitutional doctrine that prevents the gov from prohibiting speach or publication before the fact. violation of the first ammendment.
Term
Alien and sedition acts
Definition
Enacted by John adams, made any slanderous false writing against the united States a criminal offense
Term
Gitlow v New York
Definition
States authority to regulate speech greatlt reduced after this court case.
Term
Clear and present danger
Definition
test used to determine between protected and unprotected speech. Congress has the right to prevent words that will bring about substantive evils.
Term
Direct incitement
Definition
Test articulated by the Supreme court in Brandenburg vs. ohio that holds that advocacy of illegal action is protected by the first ammendment unless directly inciting lawlessness
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