Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the bladder
Most commonly caused by bacteria moving up urinary tract from external urethra to bladder |
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Term
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Definition
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Dysuria
- Urgency
- Urinalysis to test for leukocyte esterase |
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Term
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Definition
| - Bacterial infection in kidney and renal pelvis (upper urinary tract) |
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Term
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Definition
- Fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea
- Flank, back, or loin pain
- Abdominal discomfort
- Turning, N/V, urgency, frequency, nocturia
- General malaise or fatigue |
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Term
| Chronic pyelonephritis key features |
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Definition
- HTN from ineffective angiotensin I and II
- Inability to conserve sodium
- Decreased concentrating ability
- Development of hyperkalemia and acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
- Narrowed areas of urethra
- Most often caused by syphillis
- Common symptom: obstruction of urine flow
- Treatment: urethroplasty, temporary: dilation of urethra |
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Term
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Definition
- Most common type
- Caused by weakened pelvic muscles: can't tighten muscles enough to overcome contraction of bladder
- Common after childbirth
- Interventions: kegels, surgery |
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Term
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Definition
- Urgent need to urinate from bladder contractions
- Interventions: drugs (anticholinergics, antihistamines), diet therapy (avoid caffeine and alcohol), behavioral interventions (exercises, bladder/habit training) |
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Term
| Overflow incontinence (reflex incontinence) |
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Definition
Contantly full bladder triggers frequent urination or constant dribble
- Caused by weakened bladder muscles from ANS damage or blocked urethra
- Interventions: surgery to relieve obstruction, intermittent catheterization, drug therapy, behavioral interventions |
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Term
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Definition
Inability to get to toilet prior to urination bc of mobility, meds, diseases, cognitive deficit
- Interventions: treatment of reversible causes, habit training, applied devices, catheterization |
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Term
| What is urolithiasis and what are the causes |
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Definition
stones in urinary tract
caused by
- slow urine flow
- increased acidity
- too alkalyn
- damage to urethra lining |
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Term
| Nursing interventions of urolithiasis |
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Definition
- Very painful in lower back (can radiate to front of abdomen), give pain meds
- Look for kidney stone in urine using coffee filter
- Surgery needed if stone is large enough to block ureter
- Prevent by drinking at least 3L water a day |
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Term
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Definition
Uses sound, laser, or dry shock wave energy to break stones into smaller fragments
- Pt undergoes conscious sedation
- Continuous monitoring by ECG bc there can be cardiac side effects from procedure or laser |
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Term
| Hydronephrosis and hydroureter |
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Definition
Hydronephrosis: obstruction of upper part of ureter
Hydroureter: obstruction of lower part of ureter |
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Term
| Polycystic kidney disorder |
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Definition
- Inherited disorder, fluid-filled cysts in nephrons
- Chronic, no treatment
- Kidney tissue replaced with cysts, kidney gets bigger, can grow to size of football |
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Term
| Polycystic kidney disorder s/s |
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Definition
- Abdominal or flank pain
- Hypertension
- Nocturia
- Increased abdominal girth
- Constipation
- Bloody or cloudy urine
- Kidney stones |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for polycystic kidney disorder |
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Definition
- Acute and chronic pain
- Constipation
- Hypertension and renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
- From prior (10 days ago) exposure to a pathogen
- Symptoms: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, edema, HTN
- Interventions: manage infection, prevent complications (BP), patient education |
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Term
| Chronic glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
- Develops over 20-30 yrs, cause unknown
- Kidney's atrophy, leads to kidney failure, need dialysis replacement
- Diagnosed by decreased GFR, decreased creatinine clearance |
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Term
| Interventions for glomerulophritis |
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Definition
- Slow progression, prevent complications
- Diet changes
- Fluid intake
- Drug therapy to prevent uremia
- Dialysis, transplantation |
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Term
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Definition
- Increased glomerular peremability allowing larger molecules to pass into urine
- Causes severe loss of protein into urine, edema formation, decreased plasma albumin levels
- Caused by inflammation, immune problem |
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Term
| Nephrotic syndrome treatment |
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Definition
- Immunosuppresive agents
- ACE inhibitors
- Heparin
- Diet changes
- Mild diuretics |
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Term
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Definition
Thickening in nephron blood vessels resulting in narrowing of lumen
- Occurs with HTN, artherosclerosis, diabetes
- Treatment: control HTN |
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Term
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Definition
Process affecting renal arteries
May severely narrow lumen reducing blood flow to kidneys
- Interventions: manage HTN, restore blood flow to kidney |
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Term
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) |
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Definition
| Benign growth of glandular tissue in prostate gland that results in ureter narrowing |
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Term
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Definition
- Hyperirritable bladder
- Urgency and frequency
- Hypertrophied bladder wall muscles
- Cellules and diverticula
- Hydroureter
- Hydronephrosis
- Overflow urinary incontinence
- Straining
- Weak stream |
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Term
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Definition
- Urinary retention and reflux
- Hyperirritability of ureter
- Hypertrophy of ureter |
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Term
| Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) |
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Definition
To remove part of prostate
Post op care
- Urinary catheter with retention balloon placed into bladder
- Traction via taping to patient's abdomen or thigh
- Uncomfortable urge to void continuously |
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Term
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Definition
| Cystic mass usually filled w/ straw-colored fluid forms around testis, results from impaired lymphatic drainage of scrotum, causing swelling of tissues surrounding testes |
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Term
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Definition
- Drainage via needle and syringe
- Surgical removal |
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Term
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Definition
- Sperm-containing cyst develops on epididymis alongside the testicle
- Normally small and asymptomatic, require no intervention
- If large enough to cause discomfort, spermatocelectomy is performed |
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Term
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Definition
- Cluster of dilated veins occuring behind and above testis
- Can cause infertility
- PErform varicocelectomy through inguinal incision, ligate spermatic veins |
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Term
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Definition
constriction on opening of foreskin so it cannot be retracted over head of penis
emergency circumcision |
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Term
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Definition
Foreskin is retracted behind the head and can't be replaced to normal position
Creates tourniquet for penis head |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling of foreskin and head of penis |
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammation of prostate gland
- Can be acute or chronic |
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Term
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Definition
- Chills, fever, skin flushing (chronic similar symptoms of acute but less severe)
- Urinary symptoms: blood, dysuria, difficulty starting, foul smelling, weak stream, pain in abdomen, pain w/ ejaculation, blood in semen, pain during bowel movements |
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Term
|
Definition
- Antibiotics
- Urinate often and completely
- Warm baths to relieve pain
- Stool softeners
- Avoid substances that irritate the bladder
- Push fluids |
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammation of epididymis resulting from infection or noninfectious source (trauma)
- Treatment: bedrest, scrotum elevation, scrotal support when ambulating |
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Term
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Definition
Acute testicular inflammation resulting from trauma or infection
- Treatment: bedrest w/ scrotal elevation, ice, analgesics, antibiotics
- Can get orchitis from mumps |
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