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the author's attitude or feelings toward a subject, character, situation, or the reader |
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the writer's reason for creating a work or using particular language used to inform, describe, explain, summarize, persuade, demonstrate, compare or contrast, entertain, give examples, introduce, encourage, or emphasize |
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the author's choice of words |
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Autho's purpose for Using Particular Language |
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....maybe..to emphsize a point, create a specific mood, or achieve a particular emotional reation |
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language states the meaning exactly in proper language |
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Often uses expressions or slang. It is everday speech |
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literal or dictionary meaning of a word |
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the associations surrounding a word that are not part of its literal dictionary meaning |
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a word or language that has heavy emotional associations or connotations persuasive devide used to influence the reader's feelings emotional and often creates +or- feeling |
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Way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region or group of people. ______may have distinctive vocabulary, pronounciation system and grammar |
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Statement or opinion about what will happen |
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Conclusion that is drawn from evidence or reasoning |
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Distinguishing between statements of fact and statements of opinion is an important skill for readers in analyzing the text and recognizing how language can be used to convince us |
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.....can be proved by evidence to be either true or false. A ______can be checked either by consulting a reliable source or by personal observations |
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beliefs or conclusions that cannot be proved |
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Comparing and Contrasting |
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_______ things allows us to recognize how they are alike and different and helps us to gather essential information and draw important conclusions |
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when we ______ things, we focus on how they are similar or alike. We examine what qualities they have in common |
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when we _____ things, we focus on how they are different. We examine the qualities that make them distinct |
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Relationships can help us to understand what has happened and how it affects what is happening in the story |
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refers to an event or motivating factor that makes something else happen. It is the reason or basis for doing or feeling something |
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refers to the consequence or outcome that result because of the actions of someone or something else |
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means to summarize something using other words in order to make it simpler or shorter without changing the meaning |
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shortened version of a selection that restates only the main points |
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Using languages that is brief (fewer words) to restate information more clearly without changing the meaning of the original sentences |
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the focus or central point of a piece of writing |
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reasons, arguments, examples, or facts that help to explain or support the main idea |
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Sometimes the main idea is clarly stated in the selection. The sentences that states the __________is called the topic sentence or thesis statement |
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Other times the main idea is _______ (understood or suggested) |
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The statement about life that the author is communicating through the work. It is a message that unifies the work ____ is not the issue, or problem, or subject of a work. It is a comment the author makes about the issue, problem or subject |
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Some stories have obvious or clear themes that the author states directly |
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Most often the themes are not stated directly, but rather they are impied or suggested |
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Some themes are universal because they are appicable in various times and places |
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place of action in the story and the time the action occur |
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Natural site or location at which the action occurs |
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Refer to the specific time of day, week, or year, season, climatic condition, or historical time period of the story |
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Patten of events that reveals what happens in the story There are five stages to the devlopment of plot exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution |
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Beginning of a story that introduces the setting, main characters, and conflicts |
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Development of the characters and conflict. The characters try to solve their problems and/or encounter new difficulties |
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the most intense moment in the story |
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occurs after the major decision is made |
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End of the story in which the outcome is decided |
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Vantage point, or position, from which the author tells a story |
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First person point of view has the narrator (or speaker) as a character in the story |
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This narrator can only tell the reader about his/her throughts and feelings, or what he/she observes directly or has been told by other characters |
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Third person point of view has the narrator (or speak) as someone outside the story |
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Who tells us about the characters and actions in the story. The narrator is unknown |
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struggle between the character and something outside the character |
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occurs when there is a problem or fight between two or more characters in a story |
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occurs when the character struggles against a force or nature or some aspect of the environment |
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occurs when the character goes against the rules of values of the group in which he/she lives |
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occurs when the character must struggle against his/her destiny (somethings inevitable) or some force beyond the character's control |
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representation in language of sensory experience |
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specific images that apeal to our senses. __________ can make us feel that we "are there," sharing the experience with the author |
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language that uses the imagination to compare one thing to something that is very different |
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indirect comparison between two different things using words such as like, as, than, and resembles |
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Makes a comparison between two distinct things without using any linking words |
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has the narrator as someone outside the story. This narrator knows everything about all the characters in the story. The ______ _____ know what everyone does, says, thinks, or feels |
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the narrator as someone outside the story. This narrator knows only about one of the characters in the story. |
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narrator as someone outside the story. This narrator knows only what can be observed int he story |
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Method the author uses to reveal a character's personality |
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Narrator's description of the character |
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Indirect characterization |
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description of a situation that provides clues about the character's personality |
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Individuals who take part in the actiono f a story. _________ may be people, animals, or imaginary beings |
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Main character or characters that are central to the cnflict and action of the story |
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less important characters that simply interact with the main characters |
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Characters can be classified by their role in the conflict |
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Most important character who is central to the action. The _______ is the hero of the story |
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Individual, thing, or force that opposes the protagonist |
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Complexity of the character |
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characters can be classified by how complex or well developed they are |
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one-dimensional characters that have only a few personality traits |
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more complex with various personality traits |
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remain the same from begining to the end of the story . Things happen to these characters, but without any changes occuring within the character |
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change or are transformed by their experiences |
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Oversimplified an standarized image or idea about what something, someone, or some group is like |
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struggle between two oppsing forces in a story |
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struggle within a character |
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occurs when the character has a problem that can only be resolved within the character |
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