Erickson's first stage-Trust vs. Mistrust

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1. establishing of a dependent being

2. establishing of self-awareness

3. developing a feeling for affection

4. developing physiological equillibrium

5. developing rudimentary social interaction

ways caregivers/parents can enhance trust in the infant

1. predictable envrionment

2. consistent caregiver

3. responding consistently to needs

4. rhytmn to care what is coming next

Neonate- 1st 28 days

* senses-touch,temp,pain

*fluid needs->than the adult

*resistance-same antibodies from mom,but have little resistance to infection

infant growth

three principles

1. cephalocaudal-from head to tail

2. proximal/distal- central body to distal

3. general to specific

denver devopmental- 2-3 yrs old use a large crayon, where a younger can't

infant

sleep:  16-20 hours per day

nutrition:  15-60 ml with 6-10 feedings in 24 hours

1-3 months

sleep: 9-10 hrs/day

nutrition: usually liquids

elmination: 6+ wet diapers;3-4 bms/day

motor:holds head up,rolls side to back

language:listens/responds to sounds,smiles,babbles,coos

social:likes faces

play:rattles mobiles

4-6 months

development

sleep:thru night 10hours with 2 day naps

nutrition: 1st and 2nd teeth

motor: sits with support, rolls stomach to back then all the way over

language: looks toward sounds, squeals laughs

play: all in the mouth, teethers

7-9 months

development

nutrition: more teeth, crackers

motor: stands holding on and can crawl

language: imitate speech and sound

social: fears strangers

play:water play,sof toys, patty cake

10-12 months

development

sleep: may fight sleep

nutrition: solid food; finger foods

motor: pulls up to stand;creeps on all fours;walks with help or alone

language: 1-2 words; imitates voices and faces

play: sleep,pull toys,riding toys

infant 1-12 months

*breast feeding vs. formula

*infants need at least two hours of sucking/day

*calorie-110 kcalor 50 kcal/lb

*new born-1-3 oz feeding

3 months-5-6 oz/feeding

six months-8 oz/feeding

feeding concerns

avoid propping bottles

1. infant unable to push bottle away

2. leads to decay

3. decrease physical contact

main reason: aspiration

positioning

sudden infant death syndrome(sids)-unexplained death of an infant, usually 2-4 months of age.

Current recommendation is to sleep on back

solid foods

* usually when taking more than 32 oz/day or not being satisfied

*how can you tell when the infant is satisfied after feeding?

ans. when they fall asleep

parent teaching

* infants not usually ready to digest starch until 4-6 months

*extrusion reflex goes by 3-4 months

*there is no specific time or rule to begin solid food

*colic-offer support to parents

*WIC-women,infant,children help from the govern

general guidelines

* small amounts do not mix with formula

1. cereal- 5-6 months

2. fruits- 8 months

3. vegetables: 7 months

4. meats- 8 months

5. egg yolks-10 months

6. cheese-10-12 months

general guidelines

cont'd

* 6 months-chewing begins

*10-12 months-table food

9-12 can drink from cup, use spoon

Avoid: hot dogs,raw carrots, fruit with peel,peanut buttering

satisfactory growth steady ,even gain in weight and length

infant socialization

1-6 months

* first-unable to see self as seperate

views hospilization as:

a. causing pain

b. immoblization

c. disruption of usual routine

infant socialzation

7-12 months

* second-begins to differentiate self from parent

hospilization or any seperation from main caregiver-causes protest due to "seperation anxiety"

later will learn leaving does not mean abandonment

Deprivation effects

1. retarded mental and motor development

2. excessive crying,nervouseness

3. abnormal weight gain(failure to thrive)

4. avoids adult contact (becomes passive)

5. poor sleep pattern(rigid facial expression)

6. poor resistance(to infection)

7. unable to trust ppl.

hospilization

bathing- encouraging particiapiton

feeding-maintain breast feedings

assessment-small b/p cuff, apical pulse,patience