Term
| Why do people join groups? |
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Definition
| To gain social status, affiliate with others, and interact with individual group members. |
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Term
| Stages of Group Development |
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Definition
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning |
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Term
When roles in the group are not distributed properly, group performance does not suffer.
True or False?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which forces push group members closer together, such as through feelings of intimacy, unity, and commitment to group goals. |
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Term
| Social Facilitation: The Zajonc Solution |
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Definition
The presence of others increases arousal which strengthens the dominant response to a stimulus.
On an easy task the dr is usually correct and thus the prescence of others enhances performance. Opposite effect for a difficult task. |
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Term
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Definition
| The propostition that the mere presence of others is sufficient to produce social facilitation effects. |
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Term
| Evaluation Apprehension Theory |
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Definition
| A theory that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others are seen as potential evaluators. |
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Term
| Distraction Conflict Theory |
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Definition
| A theory that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others distract from the task and create attentional conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group produced reduction in individual output on tasks where contributions are pooled. |
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Term
People will cheer louder when they cheer as part of a group than when they cheer alone.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| Social Loafing is less likely to occur when... |
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Definition
1. people believe that their own performance can be identified and evaluated by themselves and others
2. the task is important or meaningful to those preforming it
3. people believe that their individual efforts are necessary for a positive outcome.
4. the group expects to be punished for poor preformance
5. the group is small
6. the group is cohesive |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that individuals will exert effort on a collective task to the degree that they think their individual efforts will be important, relevant, and meaningful for achieving outcomes that they value. |
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Term
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Definition
| The loss of a person's sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behaviour. |
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Term
| Social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) |
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Definition
| a model of group behaviour that explains deindividuation effects as the result of a shift from personal identity to social identity. |
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Term
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Definition
| the reduction in group preformance fue to obstacles created by group processes, such as problems coordination and motivation. |
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Term
People brainstorming as a group come up with a greater number of better ideas than the same number of people working individually.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A technique that attempts to increase the production of creative ideas by encouraging group members to speak freely without criticizing their own or others' contributions. |
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Term
Group members' attitudes about a course of action usually become more moderate after group discussion.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The exaggeration of intial tendencies in the thinking of group members through group discussions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group decision making style characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to see concurrence. |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition in which sommitments to a failing course of action are increased to justify investments already made. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for groups to spend more time discussing shared information than unshared information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shared system for remembering information that enables multiple people to remember information together more efficiently than they could do so alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized interactive computer programs that are used to guide group meetings, collaborative work, and decision making processes. |
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Term
| Conditions for Team Effectiveness |
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Definition
1. interdependance
2. challenging, clear, and consequential purpose
3. small numbers, clear norms
4. reward system for positive consequences for excellent team preformance.
5. technical assistance and training should be available. |
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Term
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Definition
1. anonymousity
2. reduce directive role of the leader
3. allow simultaneous input
4. let least assertive members go first
5. systematic agenda of info gathering/decision making
6. keep the focus on the ideas rather than the people
7. have a devils advocate in the room! |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which a self-interested choice by everyone will create the worst outcome for everyone. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of dilemma in which one party must make either cooperative or competitive moves in relation to another party. |
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Term
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Definition
| Social dilemmas incolving how two or more people will share a limited resource. |
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Term
Large groups are more likely than small groups to exploit a scarce resouce that the members collectively depend on.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction. (GRIT) |
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Definition
| A strategy for unilateral persistent efforts to establish trust and cooperation between opposing parties. |
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Term
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Definition
| A negotiated resolution to a conflict in which all parties obtain outcomes that are superior to what they would have obtained from an equal division of the contested resouces. |
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