Term
Maternal and Infant Health |
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Definition
Important to the overall "community" of the country:
-measure of overall health of the country
-maternal mortality rate
-infant mortality rate (death in the first year of life)
-Neonatal mortality rate (death in the first 28 days of life)
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Term
What maternal and infant morbidity measures |
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Definition
-measure of the effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotion efforts
-incidence and prevalence of diseases and conditions related to or consequences of pregnancy
-incidence and prevalence of diseases and conditions of infants |
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Term
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Definition
-infant's health dependent on the mother's health
-health behaviors before and during pregnancy can have long term consequences for the infant as the baby develops
-money spent on quality maternal health care can save money over course of infant's life |
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Term
Family Planning and Contraception |
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Definition
-ability to plan family size is one of the CDC's "Top-10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century"
-Family planning: determining the preferred number and spacing of children and choosing the appropriate means to accomplish it
-Approximately 1/2 of pregnances in the US are unplanned |
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Term
Effectiveness of Contraceptive |
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Definition
Surgical sterilization: tubal ligation or vastecomy-->99%
-By age 40, 54% have been surgically sterilized
Contraceptive implant-- >99%
Birth Control pills or vaginal ring 91 to >99%
Diaphragm 88-94%
Condoms 82-98% |
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Term
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Definition
-In 2007--12.7 maternal deaths per 100,000live births
-Causes: hemorrhage (including ectopic pregnancy), pregnancy induced hypertension, and embolism
- 1990 there were between 600-900 maternal deaths/100,000 live births
-childbearing was leading killer of women of childbearing age
-common causes--post-delivery infenctions, hemorrhage, and pregnancy induced hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
-improvement in training in obstetrical methods for doctors and midwives
-understanding of importance of germ control during and after delivery
-antibiotic treatment for post-delivery infections
-emergency medical care for birth complications like hemorrhage
-special care for pregnant women with high risk medical complications |
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Term
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Definition
Low Birth Weight (<2500 grams, 5 lbs, 8 oz)
Very Low Birth Weight (<1500 grams, 3 lb, 5 oz)
-premature birth: born before 37 weeks of gestation
-maternal diet/weight gain
-maternal smoking
-maternal drug and alcohol use
Nutrition: Breastfeeding recommended for the first year of life (but any amount of time is better than none)
-Infants environment after birth
-Home and family circumstances
-access to health care |
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Term
Infant and Neonatal Mortality |
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Definition
-Infant mortality rate (birth to 2 year of age) in 2008 was 6.61 per 1000 live births
-Neonatal Mortality Rate (birth to 28 days of age) in 2007 was 4.42 per 1000 live births |
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Term
Causes of Infant Death 2008 |
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Definition
- Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities
- disorders related to prematuriy and low birth weight
- sudden infant death syndrome
- Newborn affected by maternal pregnancy complications
- Unintentional injur
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Term
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Definition
3 types
Basal Cell Carcinoma-
- most commonly developed (75% of cases)
- Found on face, neck, and hands
- highly treatable and rarely spreads
Squamous Cell Carcinoma-
- 2nd most common type
- usually develops in places exposed by the sun
Melanoma
- most dangerous and deadly
- caused by changes in cells called melanocytes, usually when skin has recieved too much of the UV rays
- appears on skin, moles, or other areas that changes appearance
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Term
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Definition
- Family history
- skin/hair/eye color
- exposure to sun
- history of bad sunburns
- certain moles
- history of indoor training
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Term
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Definition
- avoid tanning outside (between 10am-4pm)
- don't use tanning beds
- try not to get burned
- wear clothing that will protect your skin
- apply sunscreen generously and often (every 2 hours)
- use broad spectrum sunscreen with 15spf or higher
- reflective surgaces like water, snow and sand increase risk of being burned
- take vitamin D supplements
- wear sunglasses
- check expiration date on sunscreen before application
- cosmetics don't count as sunscreen
- wear sunscreen even on cloudy days
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Term
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Definition
A: assymetry
B: border
C: color
D:diameter
E:evolving |
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Term
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Definition
Biopsy
- samples are sent to pathologists
- punch biopsy
- shave biopsy
- exisional biopsy
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Term
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Definition
Stage based on three factors:
- size of the growth
- depth
- spread to lymph nodes or to other parts of the body
Stage 0: The cancer involves only the top layer of skin (melanoma in situ)
Stage 1: the growth is less than two millimeters deep
Stage 2: the growth is more than two millimeters deep
Stage 3: cancer has spread below the skin to cartilage, muscle, bone, or to nerby lymph nodes--it has not spread to other places in the body
Stage 4: cancer has spread to other places in body |
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Term
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Definition
- UV light exposure from sunlight
- Tanning booths
- immunosuppression-impairment of the immune system, may occur as a consequence of other disease
- exposure to high levels of x-rays
- chemical factors (arsenic)
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Term
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Definition
- people with fair skin, especially skin types that freckle and sunburn easily
- people with light hair, blue or green eyes
- those with genetic disorders: albinism, xeroderma pigmentosum
- people with unique, unusual moles
- medical history of skin cancer
- people had at least 1 severe sunburn early in life
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Term
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Definition
- Skin cancer is most common form of cancer in U.S.
- 59,695 people in US were diagnosed with cancers of the skin, including 38,484 men and 25,211 women
- 8,623 people in US died from skin melanoma, including 5,672 men and 2,951 women
- 1999-2008 skin cancer has increased 2.3% among men, 2.1% white men
- women skin cancer increased 2.5%
- mortality rate increased 1% in white men
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Term
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Definition
Varies depending on size, type, depth and location
- freeze small skin lesions
- excisional strategy
- laser therapy
- mohs surgery
- curettege and electrodesiccation
- radiation therapy
- chemotherapy
- photodynamic therapy
- biological therapy
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Term
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Definition
- Melanoma Monday (first Monday in May) Sun Safe Smart Skin bracelets are sold
- start white then turn blue when exposed to ultraviolet light
- 4 for $10 and 100% of the Profits are donated to the Melanoma Research Foundation, Camp Discovery or CCMAC
- Relay for Life--12 hour event that lasts throughout the night--goes toward Hope Lodge, Road to Recovery, Look Good..Feel Better
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Term
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Definition
Cigarette smoking: #1 most preventable cause of death in the US
- smoking doubles the risk of suffering a stroke and developing heart disease
- decreases the amount of oxygen in your blood
- extra effort of the heart can make blood clots form more easily
- smoking adds build-up in the arteries, decreasing blood flow to the brain
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Term
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Definition
- "Brain Attack"
- occurs when there is a blood clot in an artery or a breakage in a blood vessel
- when the blood source to the brain is cut off, brain cells begin to die, can lead to permanent damage
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Term
Smoking that causes Strokes |
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Definition
- Smoking causes muscles and arteries to harden--when muscles harden, body doesn't function the way it should (heart, blood, and vascular)
- Blood clots often occur because smoking causes blood to thicken--when reaches the brain=stroke
- High blood pressure--poor blood circulation worstened by smoking
- high cholesterol--carbon monoxide found in cigarettes
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Term
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Definition
- sudden numbness in face arm or leg especially on only one side of the body
- sudden vision changes
- trouble speaking
- confusion
- trouble walking and with balance
- sudden severe headach
- irregular heartbeat
- damaged heart valve
- recent heart attack are all factors that increase risk of stroke
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Term
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Definition
- Coronary Artery Disease-narrowing of blood vessels
- Cardiomyopathy-disease within the heart muscle
- Myocarditis-inflammation of the heart muscle
- Tricuspid Stenosis-tricuspid valve is narrowed
- Atherosclerosis-hardeinging of the arteries
- Main cause is smoking--artery wall thickens as result of fatty materials
- smoking traps oxygen from White Blood Cells--causes artery to become inflamed
- muscle cells enlarge and form hard cover over artery
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Term
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Definition
- Chest pain or chest discomfort
- pain in one or both arms, shoulder, neck, jaw or back
- abnormal heartbeats
- shortness of breath
- dizziness
- naseau
- rapid heart beats
- feeling very tired
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Term
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Definition
- Cardiovascular Disease is used to describe over 60 conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels
- Change lifestyle
- stop smoking
-increase exercise
-have a healthy diet
- become more educated on family history
- special procedure, surgery, medication
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Term
Second Hand Smoking Prevention Strategies |
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Definition
Recommendations from CDC:
- increase unit prices of tobacco products
- mass media compaign
- school/community based prevention programs
Ohio Law:
- public places and businesses must prohibit smoking in any public place
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Term
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Definition
- Mayo Clinic defines diabetes as "a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar"
- Glucose=main source of energy for cells that make muscles and other tissues
- Diabetes patient's immune system attacks or destroys insulin producing cells
- Excess of glucose in the blood--change in diet, physical activity and additional health percautions can help
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Term
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Definition
- common among young
- can transpire at any point in ones lifetime
- beta cells don't work
- autoimmune disease
- genetic
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Term
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Definition
- blurry vision
- excessive thirst
- fatigue
- hunger
- weight loss
- increased urination
- vomiting
- weight loss
- developed over short period of time--diagnosed in emergency situation
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Term
Type 1 Diabetes Treatment |
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Definition
- Life long to keep blood sugar levels at normal range
- monitor multiple times on a daily basis
- use insulin injections or insulin pump
- exercise, healthy life choices
- medical check ups to check for complications
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Term
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Definition
- most common type of diabetes
- body isn't making enough insulin and not responding to insulin--high levels of glucose in the blood
- developed disease
- often onset in adulthood
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Term
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Definition
- Frequent infections
- blurred vision
- cuts/bruises heal slowly
- tingling/numbness in the hands/feet
- recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
- any type 1 diabetes symptoms--frequent urination, unusual thirst, etc
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Term
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention |
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Definition
- occurs due to body becoming resistant to effects of insulin
- cause: drastic change in diet from paleolithic/natural diet--high in sugar/fat
- prevention: return back to diet of natural foods--low fat/saturated fat but HIGH in protein, fiber, and complex carbs
- consistent significant bodily exercise at least 3 times a week
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Term
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Definition
- occurs in women during pregnancy
- hormonal changes during pregnancy cause one to be less responsive to insulin
-if they can't adapt to insulin, blood sugar levels rise, cuasing gestational diabetes
- many women don't have it after pregnancy because blood sugar levels return to normal
- increased risk for future diabetes
Those more likely to develop:
-obese
-over 35
-exessive weight gain during pregnancy
-high blood pressure
-have had a previous stillborn child, child with a defect or a large child
-australian, african-american, south and north asian, pacific islander, hispanic more suseptable |
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Term
Gestational Diabetes Symptoms |
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Definition
- some have had it and not known about it
- increased thirst
- increased urination
- increased hunger
- blurred vision
- only way to find out for sure is to get tested because symptoms also common with pregnancy
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Term
Gestational Diabetes Treatment |
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Definition
- maintain blood glucose levels equal to pregnant women wtihout gestational diabetes
- special meal plans
- scheduled physical activity
- blood glucose level testing (daily)
- insulin injections
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Term
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Definition
- 70,000 people diet of diabetes every year
- 13.7% of men over 30 have diabetes
- 11.9% women over 30
- more men have disease than women
- Colorado, Minnesota, Montana and Vermont have lowest rates
- Southeastern states have highest rates (mississippi 27.7%)
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Term
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Definition
- Uncontrolled growth in the breast cells
- breast cancer in both men and women
- invasive or noninvasive
- invasive--spread from milk ducts to other tissue in breast
- noninvasive--not yet spread into other areas of the breast
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Term
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Definition
- Ductal Carcinoma: originates in lining of tubes, known as ducts, moves the milk from breast to nipple (most common)
- Lobular Carcinoma: originates in the part of breast that is called the lobules which produce the milk
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Term
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Definition
- Women: 100 times more likely in women than men
- Age: older--higher chances, 2/3 of women who have invasive breast cancer are over the age 55
- women with BRAC1 and BRAC2 genes 80% more likely to get breast cancer
- higher chances with genetic family history
- having children later in life increases risk
- being overweight or obese (fat around waist)
- lack of exercise--10 hrs a week risk decreases by 18%
- 2-5 drinks daily are 1 1/2 times more likely to get breast cancer
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Term
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Definition
- Stage 0-4 determined by:
- size of tumor
- cancer is found in lymph nodes
- invasive vs. noninvaive
- cancer spread beyond breast
- local,regional,distant--words commonly used to describe
- local: cancer cells confined in breast
- regional: cancer in lymph nodes
- distant: cancer involved other areas of body
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Term
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Definition
Stage 0:
-non-invasive
-no cancer cells present
-no non cancerous, cells in healthy tissue
Stage 1:
-invasive cells invading healthy tissue
-tumor up to 2cm and has not spread
Stage 2:
-cancer in lymph nodes, no tumor (2a)
-tumor larger than 2cm, not in lymph nodes (2b)
-tumor is 2-5 cm, has spread to lymph nodes
-tumor exceeds 5 cm, has not spread
Stage 3:
-any size, cancer cells spread, clumped in lymph nodes
-any size spread to bone or chest
-cells have spread to lymph nodes, skin
Stage 4
-invasive, cancerous cells
-spread to other organs, lymph nodes
-referred to as "advanced" or "metastatic" |
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Term
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Definition
- Men can't get breast cancer--2190 diagnosed each year, 410 die on average--higher mortality rate because unaware of its existance
- Finding a lump means breast cancer--80% of lumps are benign or cysts
- Only women with family history are at risk--majority of women dont have family history
- Negative mammogram means no cancer--10-20% fail to detect--clinical exams and self exams important
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Term
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Definition
Lumpectomy
- breast-conserving surgery
- removal of only tumor and small amount of surrounding tissue
- perserve appearance of breast
Mastectomy
- removal of all breast tissue
- more refined and less instrusive than it used to be
- muscles under the breast are no longer removed
- doesn't require radiotherapy after surgery
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Term
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Definition
Naturopathic Medicine
- support whole body wellness, immune system, digestion, sleep, energy levels, diet, exercise and spirituality
- normal metabolism during treatment
- decrease side effects
- boost immune system
Immunotherapy
- biological therapy
- uses bodies immune system to fight cancer, reduce side effects
- halts precess of cancer growth
- helps immune system identify cancer cells
- promotes natural ability to repair
Acupuncture
- thin needles on part of body to increase energy flow
- control pain and relieve symptoms
- not believed to cure
- decreases negative side effects and relieves stress
Mind-body
- assumes that tending to your psychological and spiritual health help healing faster
- reduces nasea, vomiting, muscle tension, sleep issues/side effects
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Term
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Definition
- maintain healthy lifestyle and diet
- plenty of physical activity
- limit alcohol
- breastfeed
- those with high risk (genetic disorder)--prophylactic mastectomy (removal of both breasts)--prophylactic oophorectomy (removal of ovaries)
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Term
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Definition
-excessive intake of alcohol where judgement is impaired and a person loses self control
-binge drinking--intake enough alcohol for BAC to reach .08 within 1-2 hours--can cause death or alcohol poisening
-moderate drinking
- Men: 4 drinks in one day or 14 in a week
-Women: no more than 3 drinks in a day, 8 in a week |
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Term
Initial Effects of Alcohol Abuse |
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Definition
Depressant--restricts function of central nervous system
-low to moderate amounts of alcohol--blood alcohol conent begins to rise (under .06) as alcohol moves from stomach to blood
-begin to experience stimulating effects
-increases arousal, energy, confidence cause by sugar
-after consuming over .06 BAC--experience down fall--depressant effects
-fatigue, lack of coordination, suppressant of pain, judgement, thoughts and memory
-prolong consumption--restricts brain from receiving oxygen--"black outs" |
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Term
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Definition
- one person in an intimate relationship tries to dominate or control other person through physical force
- excessive alcogol consumption leads to unintentional and intentional cases of domestic violence
- alcohol loosens inhibitions--more physical
- adverse health effects--broken bones, bruises, sexual injuries, emotional anxiety
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Term
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Definition
-
Most drivers that have had some drinks have a low BAC.
-Not very many people who drive after drinking have a BAC above .15.
- For drivers involved in single-vehicle crashes, the relative risk of death is 385 times more than a driver with a BAC of zero.
- Drivers with high BAC’s are usually men, ranging from 25 to 35 years old, with a background of DUI history, and abuse of drugs.
- For men, the risk is 707 times more than that of a sober driver.
Car Accidents
- Someone dies in a car accident involving alcohol once every 22 minutes.
-Drunk driving is the top freeway safety issue today.
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Term
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Definition
Chronic Disease
- Cirrhosis (liver failure, body can't filter blood anymore)
- diabetes
- high blood pressure
- artherosclerosis
- cornoary heart disease
Psychological Issues
- Lack of sleep, increased agression, coping, mood disorders
- affects family life--feelings of inadequacy
More common in men than women
- Men--alcohol decreased levels of tesosterone
- inability to perform sexually udring middle age
- alcoholism for women extremely dangerous, increases risk of liver cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer
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Term
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Definition
- Risk factors for becoming dependent on alcoholism
-men: >15 drinks per week
-women: >12 drinks per week
-anyone: >5 drinks per occasion at least 1 time per week
Other factors:
-family history
-young-adult peer pressure
-depressiong and other mental health problems
-easy access to alcohol
-low self-esteem
-relationship issues
-stress
-social and cultural factors |
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Term
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Definition
- 1400 deaths among college students linked to alcohol
- 1/3 of all drownings
- fatal alcohol snydrome 10% of healthcare costs
- 4/5 high school students claim to have tried alcohol before gradution
- most used date rape drug
Ohio Laws
- can't consume alcohol under 21
- BAC less than .08%
- can't sell to underage
- have open container in public
- fake ID
- persons under 21 drinking on your property
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Term
Prevalence of Underage/College Drinking |
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Definition
Prevelence: proportion of a population found to have a condition
-drinking alcohol> smoke tobacco/marijuana
18-20 year old drinkers
-showed largest increase (56%) in binge-drinking episodes among American adults
-second-highest rate of binge drinking
-most widespread health problem on college and university campuses in US is high risk alcohol
-National surveys, local populations, special populations provide information
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Term
Policies and Problems at Miami |
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Definition
- underage drinking results in either a
- 1st offense: 2 hours of substances abuse education
-2nd offense: comprehensive substance abuse assessment
-3rd offense: suspension from the university
- Police officers patrol uptown bars--resident assistants
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Term
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Definition
No-use programs/abstinence-only
-Based on 3 myths
- alcohol use is the same as alcohol abuse
- alcogol consumption is a gateway to other drug use
- exaggerating dangers of alcohol consumption who scare young people into abstinence
Purpose of no-use programs
- prevent any and all consumption of alcohol among those under 21--scare tactics
- to provide strategies to help refuse alcoholic beverages
- nothing provided to hose who choose to drink
This tactics not effective
Responsible-use programs
oMore of a reality-based program
oPurpose
-Provide accurate, unbiased information about alcohol and its consumption
-Distinguish the difference between the use and abuse of alcohol
-Provide ways to reduce the potential harm that can result from the abuse of alcohol
-Address the possible consequences of under age drinking |
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Term
Center for Disease Control Alcohol Program |
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Definition
Mission-strengthen scientific foundation for preventing excessive alcohol consumption
Goals:
- to improve public investigation of the excessive use of alcohol (binge drinking and underage drinking)--health realted outcomes
- Increase research on alcohol related health issues
- build state public health capacity in epidemiology
- provide national public health leadership to prevent excessive drinking
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Term
CDC actions in regards to alcohol use and abuse |
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Definition
- Public health surveillance--monitor trends in bine and unerage consumption
- Alcohol Epidemiology Studies--research in relationship between excessive drinking and other health and social oucomes
- State Public Health Capacity--draws attention to excessive drinking as related to health risk behavior
- National Leadership Parnership--participates along with other committees to prevent underage drinking and works with state and local public health agencies
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Term
Mental Health and Substance Abuse |
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Definition
History:
-1733 George Cheyne introduced idea of mental health in relation to emotions and feelings
Ex: nervousness
-1808 Johann Christian Reil first psychiatrist
-1941 congress passed National Mental Health Act
-1956 substance abuse recognized as disease |
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Term
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Definition
-syndrome that causes progressive memore loss
-affects memory, speech, language and orientation
-irreversible and slow
-liklihood increases with age
-may contrivute to cognitive impairement: depression, effects of drugs and alcohol, delirium, Vitamin B12 deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
- most common form of Dementia
- account for 60% of the cases
- Maintain mental health:
- early diagnosis
- provide treatments that may help slow cognitive deterioration
- make plans
- breain healthy diet
- brain games for prevention
- sudoku
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Term
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Definition
Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act
- companies with 50+ employees must offer coverage for mental illness and substance use disorders
- eliminates the practice of unequal health treatment
- improves access to treatment
- 44 million American do not have health insurance plans
- 1/5 Americans have experienced mental illness over the past year alone--overlap
- Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act--working Americans can get mental and substance abuse coverage
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Term
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Definition
Entire body illness that causes the patient to have trouble functioning in everyday life activities: eating, socializing, oversleeping, thoughts of suicide
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Term
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Definition
- 17.5 million Americans who are affected by some form of depression, 9.2 million have major or clinical depression
- most people don't seek the proper treatment
- 2020, WHO estimates depression will be number 2 cause of "lost years of healthy life worldwide"
- more common in women than men
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Term
Cures and Treatment for Depression |
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Definition
-anti-depressants
-therapy sessions
-institutionalization
-other clinical treatments |
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Term
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Definition
- Preventable, yet still 10th leading cause of death in US in 2007
- Gender rates vary
- Methods of dying also vary by gender
- Inbalance of serotonin in brain
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Term
Suicide Proventative Factors |
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Definition
Protective Factors
- primary care doctors and medical care
- support from family, friends, religious affiliations
Treatment
- cognitive therapy
- medication
Immediate Situation
- Doctor help, emergency room, hospital or 911
- remove objects that someone could use to harm themselves
- don't leave the individual alone
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Term
Mental Illness, Substance Abuse and Juvenile Crime |
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Definition
- Youths with MI and/or SA have highest offense rates
- alcohol-prevalent drug involved offenses
- high correlation between crime, SA and MI doesn't establish causality---underlying family, individual and situational issues
- MI and SA treatment can lead to decrease in crime rates---change in policy regarding access to treatment and higher alcohol prices
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Term
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Definition
Four types of program aiming to reduce SA and crime rates
- methadone maintenance program
- therapeutic communities
- outpatient drug free (least successful)
- civil commitment programs
- use of SA and MI treatment to delay or prevent youth detention for any offense
- Stricter alcohol laws may be highly effective
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Term
Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse |
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Definition
- 1/8 of 95 million visits to hospital ER mdae by adults are due to mental health or substance abuse
- mood disorder (42.7%), anxiety (26.1%), alcohol-related (22.9%), drug disorders (17.6%)
- 20% of Americans with anxiety/mood disorder suffer from substance abuse
- posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder--associated with substance abuse problems
- alcohol abuse common among people suffering social anxiety
- disorders treated with substance abuse issue--decrease relapse
- cognitive-behavior therapy--ofen used in treatment for both issues when occuring at same time--more effective
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Term
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Definition
Psychiatric diagnosis for a modd disorder in which people experience disruptive mood swings that encompass a frenzied state known as mania (or hypomania), usually symptoms of depression |
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Term
Bipolar Disorder Smyptoms |
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Definition
- DSM-IC states hypomanic episode is distinguished from manic episode where hypomania isn't as sever as mania--doesn't require hospitalization or impairment in social or occupational functioning
- self esteem significantly elevated above the usual
- decreased need for sleep
- hyperactivity
- talking too much--or feeling need to talk
- racing thoughts
- increases distractibility
- intense drive to attain some goal (sexual, social or career in nature)
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Term
Mental Illness + Substance Abuse |
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Definition
- Substance abuse--increase symptoms of mental illness or trigger new symptoms
- most abused substance is alcohol--followed by marijuana and cocain
- National Institute of Mental Health--1 in 5 adults in US sufers from diagnosable mental disorder
- 50% mentally ill population has substance abuse problem
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Term
Common Diorders among Mentally Disabled Adults |
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Definition
- Major depressive disorder
- bipolar disorder
- schizophrenia
- panic disorder
- generalized anxiety disorder
- social phobia
- Alzheimer's disease
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Term
Sign and Symptoms of Common Co-occuring Disorders |
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Definition
Depression
- feelings of helplessness and hopelessness
- loss of interest in daily activities
- inability to experience pleasure
- appetite or weight changes
- sleep changes
- loss of energy
- strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- concentration problems
- anger, physical pain and reckless behavior
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Term
Sign and Symptoms of Common Co-occuring Disorders |
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Definition
Mania
- feelings of euphoria or extreme irritability
- unrealistic, grandiose beliefs
- decreased need for sleep
- increased energy
- rapid speech and racing thoughts
- impaired judgement and impulsivitiy
- hyperactivity
- anger or rage
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Term
Sign and Symptoms of Common Co-occuring Disorders |
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Definition
Anxiety
- excessive tension and worry
- feeling resless or jumpy
- irritability or feeling "on edge"
- racing heart or shortness of breath
- nausea, trembling or dizziness
- muscle tension, headaches
- trouble concentrating
- insomnia
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Term
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Definition
- most common on college campuses
- binge drinking--the intention to get drunk
- BAC
- physical, social, and psychosocial effects
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Term
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Definition
- condition that disrupts a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning
- hard to pinpoint one reason for development of a mental illness
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Term
Mental Illness Cures and Treatments |
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Definition
- no cure--recovery and relief possible through inidividual treatment
- treatment plans vary based on severity, symptoms and options
- medications, psychosocial treatments, electroconvulsive treatments, transcranial magnetic stimulation
- PROCESS
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Term
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Definition
Statistics
- 46% of teenage girls and 22% of teenage boys who engage in first sexual experience before 15 involved in pregnancy
- risk declines to 25% at age 15 and older
- US teenage birth rate is highest among most developed countries in the world
- per 1,000 women ages 15-19---34.3 live births
- 2005 in Ohio--girls 15-19 had 24,790 births/712,610 national average
- teenage girls more likely to become pregnant with older partners
- US higher than any other country because abortion, contraceptives, social acceptance and unbiased public health media campaigns and government support for teens
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Term
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Definition
Loss of Trust
- finding out child is sexually active can cause parents to lose trust in their child
Financial Stress
- having to provide for another family member--financial risk and stress
- counseling is offered about planning ahead for a child
- college offer financial aid for mothers
Family Decision
- family often makes decisions together whether or not to keep the child, have an abortion, put child up for adoption
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Term
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Definition
- trouble finishing their education--less opportunity for jobs
- National Coalition--40% of pregnant teens never finish high school
- HS drop outs--more likely to live in state of poverty and live on welfare
- twice as likely to feel depressed
- mortality rates 4X higher for pregnant teenager from 15-19
- frustration, depression, fear and other emotional problems
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Term
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Definition
Emotionally
- emotional impact of having a child, in childs life or not
- hard balance of school, jobs, child
Goals
- teens goals change because now responsible for child
Financially
- fathers are required to pay child support
- majority of teen fathers have lower salaries
Education
- more likely to drop out of high school
- more likely to not attend college
Behavior/Crime
- teen fathers more likely to be involved in criminal behavior
- drug/alcohol abuse, drug dealing
- charges of statuory rape
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Term
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Definition
-Premature -Low Birth Weight
- doubles the childs chances of hyperactivity, dyslexia
-blindness -infant death -deafness -respiratory problems |
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Term
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Definition
- 50% repeat grade
- lower standardized test scores
- higher chance of not completing high school
- boys have a 13% chance of ending up in prison
- girls have 22% chance of becoming teen moms
- neglect of child common
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Term
Impact on Community Health |
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Definition
-Significant decline since 1991--US still highest rates among other industrialized countries
-Identification of problems--lack of education
-Implementing solutions
- raising awareness in schools
- programs to help teen mothers improve parenting skills and continue education
- encouraging mothers to live "outside the system"
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Term
Economy and Community Health |
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Definition
-US tax payers paid at least 10.9 billion to account for teenage childbearing
-closely linked to poverty, welfare dependence and other publickly funded social services
-costs associated with negative consequences on teen mother and child
- health care
- foster care
- lost tax revenue
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Term
Male Presence in Teen Pregnancy |
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Definition
- Teen pregnancy increases chances of absentee father
- children with strong relationship with their father are less likely to be having sex by age 16
- increase inability to form healthy relationships with men
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Term
Prevention of Teen Pregnancy |
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Definition
- President's teen pregnancy prevention initiative (TPPI)
- CDC partnering with OASH to reduce teen pregnancy
- aiming to demonstrate effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention programs
- accomodate to specific area for different strategies
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Term
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Definition
- Planned parenthood
- Live Strong Campaign
- HUD
- Religious organizations
- Elizabeth New Life Center--Southwestern Ohio--abstinence education--post abortion support
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Term
Teen Pregnancy in Today's Media |
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Definition
- exposure has increased in last 10 years---42% decrease in pregnancy rate
- ABC family, TLc and MTv all shows that have grossed great success of Teen Pregnancy
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Term
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Definition
3000 B.C.E-0
- condom was invented in Egypt
- Pessaries and concoctions were earliest device for women
- not very effective
- amenorrhea (no periods for two months after given birth) and prolong lactation
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Term
1-1500 History--Middle East and India |
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Definition
Middle East 800-900
- all methods were documented in a medical encyclopedia by Persian Polymath called "The Canon of Medicine"
- over 20 different
- coitus interruptus the "pull-out" method effort to avoid insemination
- vaginal suppositories to block cervix (elephant dung, cabbages and pitch)
India 1100s
- concoction comprised of powdered palm leaf and red chalk in addition to vaginal suppositories containing honey, ghee, rock salt or palasa tree seeds
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Term
1-1500 Europe and Italy/Europe |
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Definition
Europe 1300s
- massive plagues wiped out thousands
- use of birth control diminished
Italy/Europe 1400s
- church implemented a policy that supported "which hunts"--those who conducted abortions were found and killed
- Pope Innocent V111 "Witch Bull of 1484" on December 5, he recognized witches as real and gave approval to the Inquisition to continue the pursuit of so called "witches"
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Term
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Definition
Syphilis epidemic across Europe-1500s--spread widely by unprotected sex
Gabrial Fallopius
- anatomist for which fallopian tubes are named
- created linen condoms to prevent spread of disease
- condoms worked best when soaked in an unknown chemical acting as a spermicide
1700s
- condoms manufactured from animal intestines (sheep bladders)
- super expensive
- condoms often reused--increased the spread of disease
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Term
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Definition
Vulcanization of Rubber (1839-1844)
- Charles Goodyear
- Latex+lead Oxide+Sulfure=Rubber
- greater elasticity, strength
1751-1850
- first latex condoms produced
- developmen of modern day condoms
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Term
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Definition
Comstock Act- 1873
- Anthoney Comstock--U.S. Postal inspector and politician
- criminalized contraceptives and all material related to possession, publication and distribution of any "obscene literature"
- responsible for 4,000 arrests, 15 ons of books and 4 million pictures
- Penalties--jail time and hard labor
- 1957--Roth V. United States
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Term
1851-1930--Julius Schmid and Margaret Sanger |
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Definition
Julius Schmid-1880s
- Germany immigrant arrested under Comstock act, Vice squad
- condoms made of animal intenstines
- "Safe vulcanized rubber condom" Fourex, Ramses and Sheik
- Built condom empire, Julias Schmid Inc.
Margaret Sanger-1990s
- 1914-wrote The Woman Rebel
- 1916-opened U.S.'s first birth control clinic
- 1921-Founded American Birth Control League (Planned Parent Hood)
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Term
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Definition
Lysol
- most popular contraceptive
- contained high levels of cresol
- Lehn and Fink ignored recommendation of important health boards
- study showed it was not even effective as a contraceptive
Envoid
- first oral contraceptive
- received FDA approval in 1960
- 100% effective
- just as dangerous as Lysol
- Dosage was 10 times more than needed
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Term
1965-1970--The "Sexual Revolution" |
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Definition
- urge to "find oneself"--activism of 1960s--ques for autonomy were characerized by changes towards sexual attitudes
- "the pill" provided many women a more affordable way o avoid pregnancy
- 1965--birth control illegal in some staes
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Term
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) |
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Definition
- Supreme Court ruled Constitution proected a right of privacy
- case involved Connecticut law that prohibited use of contraceptives
- vote of 7-2, Supreme Court invalidated the law on grounds that it "violated the right to marital privacy"
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Term
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Definition
- brought dangers of combined oral contraceptive pill use to the attention of Senator Nelson--Doctors Case Against the Pill
- Senate hearings in January 1970 to investigate the problems Seaman's book addressed
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Term
Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) |
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Definition
- Supreme Court case established the right of unmarried people to possess contraception on same basis as married couples
- Struck down a Massachusetts law prohibiting distribution of contraceptives to unmarried people---ruling that it violated Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution
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Term
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Definition
High-dose birth control pills removed from market
- could cause deadly health risks
- less severe side effects included nausea, headache, and weight gain
Two types of low-dose birth control pills introduced
- 1982-biphasic
- 1984-triphasic
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Term
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Definition
1992- first hormone shot approved by FDA
- referred to as "the shot"
- injeced into the butocks or arm muscle every three months
Emerency contraception is approved by the FDA
- Preven was approved in 1998
- Plan B was approved in 1999
"Morning after pill"--effective up to 72 hours after unprotected sex |
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