Term
| What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle? |
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Definition
| midline of the neck, inf. border of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoid m. (SCM) |
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Term
| What separates the anterior triangle from the posterior triangle? |
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Definition
| sternocleidomastoid muscle |
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Term
What is the U-shaped bone that lies inferior to the mandible that provides a site for attachment of many muscles?
At what vertebrae level? |
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Definition
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Term
The hyoid bone has a body and greater and lesser horns.
What do the lesser horns provide attachment for? |
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Definition
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Term
What cartilage of the larynx lies at the level of CV4 and CV5?
What cartilage of the larynx lies at the level of CV6?
What begins and ends below the cartilage at CV6? |
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Definition
The THYROID CARTILAGE of the larynx lies at the level of CV4 & CV5.
The CRICOID CARTILAGE of the larynx lies at level CV6.
trachea and esophagus begins
pharynx ends |
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Term
Name the 4 smaller triangles in the anterior triangle:
1) unpaired, bounded by ant. bellies of digastric and hyoid bone
2) bounded by inf. border of mandible and ant. and post. bellies of digastric
3)bounded by midline of neck, SCM and sup. belly of
omohyoid
4) bounded by post. belly of digastric, anterior border of SCM and sup. belly of omohyoid |
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Definition
SUBMENTAL (or digastric) TRIANGLE (unpaired, bounded by ant. bellies of digastric and hyoid bone)
SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE (bounded by inf. border of mandible and ant. and post. bellies of digastric)
MUSCULAR TRIANGLE (bounded by midline of neck, SCM and sup. belly of omohyoid)
CAROTID TRIANGLE (bounded by post. belly of digastric, anterior border of SCM and sup. belly of omohyoid) |
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Term
| What is the roof of the anterior triangle (and post. triangle)? |
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Definition
| platysma m. and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
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Term
What are the 2 muscles that form the submandibular triangle of the floor?
Which one overlaps the other? |
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Definition
mylohyoid (ant.) and hyoglossus (post.)
Mylohyoid overlaps the hyoglossus m. (a tongue m.) |
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Term
| What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles? |
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Definition
Digastric (anterior belly)
Digastric (posterior belly)
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid |
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Term
| What are the origins and insertions of the suprahyoid muscles (Digastric (anterior belly), Digastric (posterior belly), Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid) |
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Definition
Digastric (ant. belly) ~means 2 belly
O: Digastric fossa of mandible
I: Via intermediate tendon (and fibrous loop) to body and greater horn of hyoid
Digastric (post. belly)
O: Mastoid notch of temporal bone
I: Via intermediate tendon (and fibrous loop) to body and greater horn of hyoid
Stylohyoid
O: Styloid pr. of temporal bone
I: Body of hyoid
Mylohyoid
O: Mylohyoid line of mandible
I: Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid |
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Term
| What muscle's origin is the inferior mental spine and inserts into the body of the hyoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscles serve in the swallowing reflex to elevate the tongue and the floor of the mouth, assisting in the rapid transfer of food into the pharynx. These muscles also help open the jaw when the hyoid is held down by the infrahyoid mm |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 muscles are derived from pharyngeal arch 1 so they are innervated (SVE) by what nerve? |
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Definition
| ANT. BELLY OF THE DIGASTRIC AND THE MYLOHYOID-the nerve to the mylohyoid (a branch of V3 (from trigeminal nerve V), the nerve of arch 1) |
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Term
| What 2 muscles are derived from pharyngeal arch 2 so they are innervated (SVE) by what nerve? |
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Definition
| The POST. BELLY OF THE DIGASTRIC AND THE STYLOHYOID - VII (the nerve of arch 2) |
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Term
| What suprahyoid muscle is derived from cervical myotomes (not a pharyngeal arch) so it is innervated (GSE) by the __________. |
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Definition
| Geniohyoid ventral ramus of C1 |
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Term
| What are the 3 contents of the submandibular triangle? |
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Definition
the superficial part of submandibular gland (a salivary gland) and the submandibular lymph nodes
Parts of the facial vessels (vein superficial to gland, artery between gland and mandible) |
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Term
| What lymph nodes drain the upper lip and lateral part of the lower lip, the margin of the tongue, and all of the teeth (except the mandibular incisors). |
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Definition
| submandibular lymph nodes |
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Term
| What muscle separates superficial and deep parts of the submandibular gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve branches are in the submandibular triangle and sometimes (20%) the ______________ may also be below the inferior border of mandible (where it is in surgical danger). |
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Definition
| Cervical branch of VII (to platysma m.) is in the submandibular triangle, and sometimes (20%) the marginal mandibular branch of VII may also be below the inferior border of mandible (where it is in surgical danger). |
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Term
What muscle make up the floor of the sub mental triangle?
What are the contents of the submental triangle? |
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Definition
the two mylohyoid mm
submental lymph nodes |
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Term
| What lymph nodes drain the tip of the tongue, mandibular incisor teeth, and median part of lower lip? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 layers of the infrahyoid muscles (aka strap mm)? |
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Definition
| The superficial layer includes the STERNOHYOID AND OMOHYOID and the deep layer includes the STERNOTHYROID AND THYROHYOID |
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Term
The _________ mm fix and steady the hyoid bone and are concerned, w. the suprahyoid mm., in movements of the tongue, hyoid bone, and larynx in both swallowing and phonation.
The _______ and ________ draw down on the hyoid; the __________, on the thyroid cartilage. The latter muscle, acting w/ the _________, also draws down on the hyoid. |
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Definition
The infrahyoid mm fix and steady the hyoid bone and are concerned, w. the suprahyoid mm., in movements of the tongue, hyoid bone, and larynx in both swallowing and phonation.
The sternohyoid and omohyoid draw down on the hyoid; the sternothyroid, on the thyroid cartilage. The latter muscle, acting w/ the thyrohyoid, also draws down on the hyoid |
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Term
With the hyoid bone fixed from above, the ________ muscle draws the larynx upward in the act of swallowing and in the production of high notes in phonation.
The _________ draws down on the larynx during the production of low notes. |
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Definition
With the hyoid bone fixed from above, the thyrohyoid muscle draws the larynx upward in the act of swallowing and in the production of high notes in phonation.
The sternothyroid draws down on the larynx during the production of low notes. |
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Term
What innervates the strap muscles?
The strap mm. are derived from ________ so their innervation is GSE. |
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Definition
ansa cervicalis
cervical myotomes |
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Term
| What are the 2 parts of the ansa cerivalis and what spinal nerves are their fibers from? |
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Definition
superior root (composed of fibers from C1 spinal n.)
inferior root (composed of fibers from C2 & C3 spinal nn.) |
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Term
| The C1 fibers join what nerve high in the neck but later split off from it to form the superior root of the ansa cervicalis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ansa cervicalis is closely related to what? |
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Definition
| carotid sheath (could be damaged in lab dissection or during operations when opening carotid sheath). |
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Term
The cervical plexus is the ventral rami of ______ ?
What are the 5 parts of the cervical plexus? |
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Definition
C1-C4
Ansa cervicalis
Cutaneaous nerves
Motor nerves to prevertebral muscles
Contributions from C3 and C4 to XI
Phrenic nerve |
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Term
| Branches of the ansa cervicalis supply what muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| The common carotid artery splits into internal and external carotid artery at the superior border of the ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which carotid artery distributes primarily to the inside of the skull and to the orbit (it has no branches in the neck)?
Which carotid artery distributes primarily to the outside of the skull? |
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Definition
Internal carotid artery
external carotid artery |
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Term
| What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery (6 collateral and 2 terminal)? |
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Definition
Superior thyroid a.
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Lingual a.
Facial a.
Occipital a.
Posterior auricular a.
Superficial temporal a.
Maxillary a.
(SALFOPSM) |
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Term
The superior thyroid gives off a __________ branch (which accompanies the internal laryngeal nerve).
The post auricular after gives a __________ branch which enters the foramen of the same name and supplies CN ___. |
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Definition
superior laryngeal branch
stylomastoid branch; CN VII
(It is possible that constriction of the stylomastoid a. due to cold exposure may interfere with the supply of VII and cause facial paralysis (Bell's palsy)) |
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Term
What is a dilation of the proximal part of the int. carotid a. Its wall contains baroreceptors which monitor blood pressure?
What is a tiny clump of cells (chemoreceptors) which monitor the oxygen content of the blood? |
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Definition
Carotid sinus
Carotid body |
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Term
| If the blood pressure rises too high or the oxygen content becomes too low, afferent impulses from the carotid sinus and body travel to the brainstem (via the ____________) where they elicit appropriate cardiac and respiratory reflexes. |
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Definition
| carotid sinus branch of IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) |
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Term
| What is the largest vein of the head and neck? |
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Definition
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Term
The internal jugular vein begins at the jugular foramen as a continuation of the _______________ inside the skull.
It ends at the root of the neck by uniting with the _______ vein to form the ________ vein. |
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Definition
It begins at the jugular f. as a continuation of the sigmoid venous sinus inside the skull.
It ends at the root of the neck by uniting with the subclavian v. to form the brachiocephalic v |
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Term
| Name the 7 veins that flow into the internal jugular vein as it descends. |
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Definition
inferior petrosal sinus (which, like the sigmoid sinus, drains the brain)
facial v.
lingual v.
sup. and mid. thyroid vv.
pharyngeal vv.
sometimes the occipital v. |
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Term
What are the 3 contents within the carotid sheath?
The carotid sheath lies posterior to the _______________. |
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Definition
internal carotid arter (medial)
internal jugular vein (lateral)
CN X (posterior and intermediate)
lobe of the thyroid gland |
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Term
A needle and catheter may be inserted into the ________ for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
What side is preferred? |
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Definition
internal jugular vein
right IJV b/c it is usually larger and straighter (takes a straighter course to heart via right brachiocephalic v. and SVC) |
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Term
| During IJV puncture, clinician palpates the __________ artery. and inserts a needle into the IJV just (medial or lateral) to it at a 30 degree angle, aiming at the apex of the triangle between the sternal and clavicular heads of the SCM (the lesser supraclavicular fossa). The needle is then directed inferolaterally toward the ipsilateral nipple. |
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Definition
common carotid artery
lateral |
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Term
What is a chain of lymph nodes along the IJV termed?
Those above the _______ muscle are superior, those below are inferior. |
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Definition
deep cervical chain
Those nodes above the omohyoid m. are superior deep cervical nodes; those below are inferior deep cervical nodes |
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Term
| What nodes are the members of the superior group which lie near the IJV at the points where the posterior belly of digastric m. and tendon of omohyoid m. cross the IJV? |
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Definition
| The jugulodigastric and juguloomohyoid nodes |
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Term
| The deep cervical nodes collect lymph from all parts of the head and neck. Efferent vessels from the deep cervical nodes join to form the ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the following nerves in the anterior triangle
1) GVA, a branch of X which pierces the thyrohyoid membrane and is sensory to the larynx above the vocal folds
2) SVE, a branch of X that is motor to the cricothyroid m. of the larynx
3) a branch of X that is sensory (GVA) to the larynx below the vocal folds and motor (SVE) to the intrinsic mm. of the larynx except the cricothyroid m. |
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Definition
INT. LARYNGEAL N. (GVA, a branch of X which pierces the thyrohyoid membrane and is sensory to the larynx above the vocal folds)
EXT. LARYNGEAL N. (SVE, a branch of X that is motor to the cricothyroid m. of the larynx)
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL N. (a branch of X that is sensory (GVA) to the larynx below the vocal folds and motor (SVE) to the intrinsic mm. of the larynx except the cricothyroid m.). |
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Term
| What nerve is important in the cough reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
The (right or left) recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the aortic arch?
The (right or left) recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs the right subclavian artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 symptoms of Horner's syndrome? |
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Definition
1. MIOSIS (PARALYSIS OF
DILATOR PUPILLAE M.)
2. PTOSIS (PARALYSIS OF
SUPERIOR TARSAL M.
3. REDNESS & INCREASED
TEMPERATURE OF SKIN
(VASODILATION)
4. ANHIDROSIS (SWEAT GLANDS
CAN’T SECRETE) |
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