splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

ORIGIN?

1. ligamentum nuchae

2. spinous processes of Cv7 - Tv6

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

INSERTION?

 mastoid process(lateral 1/3 of nuchal line) 

transverse processes of cv2 & cv3

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

FUNCTION?

1. extend the head and neck (bilateral)

2. same-side head rotation (unilateral) aka "ipsilateral" head rotation

splenius capitis and cervicis muscles

INNERVATION?

Most powerful deep back muscle

erector spinae muscles

Consists of what 3 columns of fibers?

1. spinalis

2. longissimus

3. iliocostalis

erector spinae muscles

INNERVATION?

TRANSVERSOSPINAL GROUP OF MUSCLES

Made up of which muscles?

Multifidus muscles

 - extend 3 to 5 segments

Rotator muscles

 - deepest

 - extend 1 or 2 segments

Semispinalis muscles

 - most superficial

 - most priminent

 - extend 6 segments

Remember MRS. 316 

transversospinal group of muscles

FUNCTION?

transversospinal group of muscles

INNERVATION?

suboccipital triangle

What is it?

- Space related to the occipital bone and the 1st 2 cervical vertebrae

- bounded my muscles

- contains the vertebral artery

1. superior oblique muscle

2. inferior oblique muscle

3. rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

4. rectus capitis posterior major muscle

obliquus capitis inferior

origin and instertion?

origin:

spine of cv2

insertion:

transverse process of cv1

obliquus capitis superior

origin and insertion?

origin:

transverse process of cv1

insertion:

occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

origin and insertion?

origin:

posterior tubercle of cv1

insertion:

occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior major muscle

origin and insertion?

origin:

spinous process of cv2

insertion:

occipital bone

suboccipital triangle muscles

INNERVATION?

all 4:

suboccipital nerve

dorsal/posterior ramus of c1

suboccipital triangle muscles

FUNCTION?

all 4:

- extend the head

- rotate the head and atlas to the same side

1. trapezius muscle

2. splenis capitis muscle

3. semispinalis capitis muscle

1. spinal cord

2. dorsal and ventral nerve roots

3. meninges

4. extra-dural fat

5. venous plexus

spinal cord

Extends from what to what?

typical

**Everywhere else the structures are called atypical because they have lost their segmental pattern

C1 - C7 spinal nerves exit ____ the same numbered vertebrae.

above.

All others exit below, except C8 which exits between the Cv7 and Tv1.

levator scapulae

muscle

trapezius

ORIGIN?

from the superior nuchal line,

the external occipital protuberance

ligamentum nuchae

spinous processes of CV7 - TV12

trapezius

INSERTION?

lateral third of clavicle

acromion process

spine of the scapula

(middle & lower fibers insert at the medial end of the spine of the scapula)

trapezius

INNERVATION?

accessory nerve - CN11 (not spinal nerve/motor)

C3 and C4 nerves (spinal nerve/sensory)

trapezius

BLOOD SUPPLY?

trapezius

FUNCTIONS

• upper fibers elevate the shoulder
• middle fibers retract the shoulders
• upper and lower fibers together rotate the scapula to allow full abduction of the arm

deep muscles of the back

GENERAL FUNCTIONS?

• mechanical support
• extend the vertebral column
• bend the vertebral column
• posture
• balance of head and neck

INTRINSIC

Motor innervation comes from dorsal primary rami

ventral root

*

nerve proper

*

dorsal/posterior ramus

*

to deep back muscles

deep muscles of the back

BLOOD SUPPLY?

vertebral artery

deep cervical artery

occipital artery

transverse cervical artery

posterior intercostal artery

subcostal artery

lumbar artery

lateral sacral artery

(from cranial to caudal)

superficial muscles of the back

intrisic or extrinsic?

EXTRINSIC

*motor innervation comes from the ventral primary rami

FALSE.

The tharocolumbar fascia acts like a membrane for the deep muscles of the back.

dorsal/posterior rami of C1

*which has no dermatome (sensory) but does have a myotome (motor)

cuts through the midline

from front to back cuts the body into 2 equal halves

90 degrees from median and sagittal sections

-Can be anywhere head to toe

aka axial / transaxial section / plain

aka frontal section or coronal plane

90 degrees from median, sagital, and horizontal planes

partitions body from top to bottom into front and back halves

this vertebrae:

has no body

no spinous process

has posterior and anterior arches

has transverse foramen

has groove for vertebral artery on superior

superior end

head end

inferior end

tail end

vertebral column

consists of...?

individual vertebrae

intervertebral disks

ligaments

vertebral column

FUNCTIONS?

- protects the spinal cord

- supports the skull

- serves as attachments for ribs, muscles and ligaments

How many vertebrae are there total?

In each region?

33 total

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

4 coccyx

*presacral (CV + TV + LV) = 24

• present at birth
• concave anteriorly
• thoracic and sacral

(convexity is on back)

• develop after birth
• convex anteriorly
• cervical and lumbar

1. kyphosis

exaggerated thoracic curvature

2. lordosis

exaggerated lumbar curvature

3. scoliosis

an abnormal lateral curvature

transverse processes

*there are 2

2 superior articular processes

2 inferior articular processes

intervertebral foramen

*ventral and dorsal roots pass through these

Which vertebral region is this?

bodies are small and oval

spines mostly bifid

transverse processes contain a foreman

this vertebrae has:

bifid spinous process

a body with a projection (dens)

this is the rotation point for the skull

it is held in place by the transverse ligament of axis

dens

aka odontoid process

These vertebrae (region):

have heart-shaped bodies

spinous process are long & triangular

has costal facets on the vertebral body and transverse process

1. annulus fibrosus (more fibrous)

outer portion consists of bundles of collagen fibers & fibrocartilage

2. nucleus pulposus (more hydrated)

inner portion is gelatinous in nature & w/ high water content

C1 - atlas

C2 - axis

C7 - vertebra prominens

True or False?

There are no intervertebral disks between CV1 and CV2.

on anterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae from CV1 to sacrum

runs posterior to the bodies of vertebrae from axis/CV2 to sacrum

• The yellow elastic ligament attaching lamina to lamin of adjacent vertebrae
• within the vertebral canal
• very strong
• extends from midline to articular processes

an upward extension of the supraspinous ligament from CV7 to external occipital protuberance

midline structure which serves as attachment for ligaments