Term
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Definition
| lordosis; secondary - develops with head lifting |
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Term
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Definition
| kyphosis; primary - present at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| lordosis; secondary - develops with standing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
composed of fibrous connective tissue
tough but thinner posteriorly than anteriorly
constructed in layers (laminae) at 90 degree angles
creates a fibrocartilaginous joint |
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Term
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Definition
gelatinous structure, deep within annulus
gives height to disc
changes position with movement, moves posterior with flexion
can herniate through torn annulus
fluid of nucleus resorbs with age
(it will dehydrate, become shorter)
It can tear. When you flex, it shift posteriorly
Bad flexion, it can herniate |
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Term
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Definition
runs over the tips of the spinous processes
blends with interspinous ligament
in the cervical spine supraspinous is thick and deep – called ligamentum nuchae(only find in cervical) |
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Term
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Definition
| from lower border of one spinous process to upper border of the next. |
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Term
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Definition
Yellowish
strongest and most important of the above 3 ligaments
runs between laminae, limits flexion
one on each side, separated in the midline
laterally they blend with and attach to the synovial facet joint capsule(keep the capsule in place)
very elastic hence the yellow color |
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Term
| Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
runs on posterior surface of vertebral bodies within vertebral canal
limits flexion
thin in lumbar region
Thins out, does not fully support the disc, you can get herniated disc
Goes to the skull but called something else |
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Term
| Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
Wide in lumbar region
Only ligament that limit extension
runs between vertebral bodies anteriorly
crosses over intervertebral discs, limits extension
particularly dense in the lumbar region |
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Term
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Definition
| upper extension of posterior longitudinal ligament that attaches to the occipital bone superior to foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
from sides of dens to edge on anterior aspect of
foramen magnum. Will restrict rotation.
Prevent excessive rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| covers deep back muscles; Made from aponeuroses of latissimus dorsi, transversus abdominus and internal oblique |
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Term
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Definition
central part of deep fascia
strongest, thickest
attaches posteriorly to calcaneus
anteriorly attaches to toes by 5 bands |
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Term
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Definition
I- prox phalanx, great toe
N- Medial plantar
A- Abduction great toe
medial plantar n. and a. appear between this muscle and flexor digitorum brevis |
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Term
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Definition
| divide sole into lateral, central and medial compartment |
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Term
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Definition
I - prox phalanx 5th toe, tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
N - lateral plantar
A - abducts 5th toe |
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Term
| Proximal Tibiofibular Joint |
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Definition
between head of fibula and tibia
synovial, plane joint
has anterior and posterior ligaments |
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Term
| Distal Tibiofibular joint |
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Definition
Syndesmosis (fibrous)
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and interosseus membrane |
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Term
| Deltoid (medial) ligament |
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Definition
medial malleolus to navicular, calcaneus (sustentaculum tali) and talus
very strong
resists eversion |
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Term
| Lateral Ligament - 3 parts |
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Definition
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
deep and almost horizontal
all resist inversion |
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Term
| calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament |
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Definition
it runs from sustentaculum tali to navicular
supports the head of the talus
supports longitudinal arch |
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Term
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Definition
A. Runs between the calcaneus and bases of 4 lateral metatarsals
B. Is more superficial than the short plantar ligament
C. Is a major support of the longitudinal arch
D. Peroneus longus tendon runs deep to it |
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Term
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Definition
A. Runs between the calcaneus and the cuboid
B. Superficial to spring ligament but deep to long plantar
C. Also supports longitudinal arch |
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Term
| Midtarsal Joint (a.k.a. transverse tarsal joint) |
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Definition
A. The midtarsal joint is a functional joint
B. It is comprised of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint |
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Term
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Definition
A. Between the talus and calcaneus usually via 3 (sometimes 2) facets.
B. Supported by the calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament (deep to plantar ligaments)
it runs from sustentaculum tali to navicular
supports the head of the talus
supports longitudinal arch
C. Movement here contributes to pronation and supination of foot |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tibial Nerve (L4,5,S1,2,3) |
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Definition
continues in to posterior compartment between the superficial and deep groups
innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment
continues into sole of the foot behind medial malleolus |
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Term
| Common Peroneal Nerve (L4,5,S1,2) |
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Definition
passes around the neck of the fibula where it divides into deep and superficial branches
superficial branch innervates the lateral compartment and skin of the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot (L5,S1,2)
deep branch enters anterior compartment and innervates muscles there and patch of skin between great and second toe (L4,5,S1) |
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Term
| superficial branch of Common Peroneal Nerve |
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Definition
| innervates the lateral compartment and skin of the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot (L5,S1,2) |
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Term
| deep branch of Common Peroneal Nerve |
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Definition
| enters anterior compartment and innervates muscles there and patch of skin between great and second toe (L4,5,S1) |
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Term
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Definition
O- Head and upper fibula
I - Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal (mirrors ant tib)
tendon runs in groove in cuboid
N - Superficial peroneal
A - eversion, plantar flexion |
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Term
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Definition
O- lower fibula
I - tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
N - superficial peroneal
A - eversion, plantar flexion |
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Term
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Definition
fibrocartilage attaches to rim of acetabulum - acts to deepen joint
continues across acetabular notch as transverse acetabular ligament |
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Term
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Definition
“Y” ligament
largest and strongest
anterior to joint from AIIS, body of ileum, acetabular margin to intertrochanteric line and greater trochanter.
Resists hyperextension
reinforces capsule
appears as upside down “Y” |
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Term
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Definition
also anterior from pubic portion of acetabulum
blends with medial part of iliofemoral ligament
limits abduction |
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Term
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Definition
from ischial portion of acetabular rim (posterior)
spirals superior/anteriorly to neck of femur medial to greater trochanter
limits extension and internal rotation |
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Term
| Ligamentum Teres (Ligament of the Head of the Femur) |
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Definition
from acetabular fossa to fovea of femur
surrounded by synovial membrane
artery travels in it to head of femur (branch of obturator a.) |
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Term
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Definition
-Sacrospinous ligament runs from anterior surface of the sacrum to the ischial spine
The sacrospinous ligament closes off the greater sciatic notch to form the greater sciatic foramen |
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Term
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Definition
-Sacrotuberous ligament runs from the lateral surface of the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity (superficial to the sacrospinous ligament)
The sacrotuberous ligament (with help from the sacrospinous ligament) closes off the lesser sciatic notch to form the lesser sciatic foramen |
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Term
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Definition
from acetabular fossa to fovea of femur
surrounded by synovial membrane
artery travels in it to head of femur (branch of obturator a.) |
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Term
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Definition
“C” shaped
more firmly attached than lateral meniscus
attached to medial collateral ligament |
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Term
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Definition
“O” shaped
smaller
separated from capsule by popliteus muscle
not attached to lateral collateral ligament or to joint capsule |
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Term
| Medial Collateral (Tibial Collateral) Ligament |
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Definition
reinforces capsule
attaches to medial meniscus
flat, broad
runs between medial epicondyle of femur to medial tibia
limits abduction of leg (genu valgus) |
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Term
| Lateral Collateral (Fibular Collateral) Ligament |
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Definition
not broad like medial collateral, like a cord or a pencil
runs from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
not attached to lateral meniscus or to joint capsule
is palpable superior to the head of the fibula |
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Term
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament |
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Definition
from lateral femoral condyle runs anterior to anterior, medial tibia
limits forward glide of tibia on femur |
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Term
| Posterior Cruciate Ligament |
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Definition
from medial femoral condyle to posterior, lateral tibia
limits posterior glide of tibia on femur |
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Term
| Oblique Popliteal Ligament |
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Definition
Tendenous expansion of the semimembranosus
Attaches to lateral femoral condyle |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral meniscus to medial femoral condyle and posterior cruciate ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| runs between menisci anteriorly |
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Term
| Midtarsal Joint (a.k.a. transverse tarsal joint) |
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Definition
A. The midtarsal joint is a functional joint
B. It is comprised of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint |
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Term
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Definition
A. Between the talus and calcaneus usually via 3 (sometimes 2) facets.
B. Supported by the calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament (deep to plantar ligaments)
it runs from sustentaculum tali to navicular
supports the head of the talus
supports longitudinal arch
C. Movement here contributes to pronation and supination of foot |
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Term
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Definition
A. Runs between the calcaneus and bases of 4 lateral metatarsals
B. Is more superficial than the short plantar ligament
C. Is a major support of the longitudinal arch
D. Peroneus longus tendon runs deep to it |
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Term
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Definition
A. Runs between the calcaneus and the cuboid
B. Superficial to spring ligament but deep to long plantar
C. Also supports longitudinal arch |
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Term
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Definition
-lies deep to sartorious; in groove btwn adductor longus and vastus medialis
-a.k.a. Hunter’s Canal
-narrow fascial tunnel that begins at the apex of the femoral triangle
-ends at the adductor hiatus
-contains femoral vessels on their way to popliteal fossa |
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Term
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Definition
superior- inguinal ligament
lateral- sartorius
medial- adductor longus
roof- fascia lata, cribiform fascia over saphenous hiatus
floor- iliopsoas, pectineus |
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Term
| Nerve Supply for hip joint |
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Definition
| The hip joint is supplied by branches of the femoral obturator, sciatic and superior glutal nerve. |
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Term
| Interosseus sacroiliac ligament |
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Definition
| blends with posterior sacroiliac ligaments |
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Term
| Posterior sacroiliac ligaments |
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Definition
| blends inferiorly with sacrotuberous ligament |
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Term
| -Anterior sacroiliac ligament |
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Definition
| thinner, ossifies after 50 y.o.a. |
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Term
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Definition
3 adductors of lateral 3 toes
lateral plantar n. |
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Term
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Definition
4 abductors
2 to 2nd toe, 1 to 3rd and 1 to 4th toes
axis of foot is 2nd toe
from adjacent metatarsals
lateral plantar n. |
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Term
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Definition
O- calcaneus
I - Proximal phalanx great toe
N - deep peroneal
A - extends proximal phalanx of hallus |
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Term
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis |
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Definition
O- with extensor hallicus brevis
I - via tendon into tendons of extensor digitorum longus going to 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes
N - Deep peroneal
A - extends toes without dorsi flexion |
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Term
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Definition
O- continous with extensor digitorum longus
I - base of 5th metatarsal
N - Deep peroneal
A - dorsi flexion, eversion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| from between ASIS and AIIS to greater sciatic notch |
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Term
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Definition
| from iliac crest, just posterior to ASIS to greater sciatic notch |
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Term
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Definition
| from iliac crest, near PSIS to greater sciatic notch near PIIS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| unlocks knee from terminal extension |
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Definition
- in open chain medial rotation of tibia on femur
- in closed chain lateral rotation of femur |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| powerful extensor of the thigh |
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Term
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Definition
O- pelvic surface of sacrum
I- greater trochanter
N- S1 and 2 in pelvis
A- external rotator |
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Term
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Definition
O- ischial spine
I- both onto tendon of obturator internus
superior:
n. to superior gemellus and obturator internus (L5, S1) |
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Term
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Definition
O- ischial tuberosity
I- both onto tendon of obturator internus
inferior:
n. to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris (L5, S1) |
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Term
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Definition
O- anterior part of iliac crest, ASIS
I- iliotibial tract which attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle on tibia, patellar retinaculum
N- superior gluteal n.
A- flexes thigh, extends knee
-enclosed in fascia lata |
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Term
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Definition
| flexes thigh, extends knee |
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Term
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Definition
| flexes thigh, extends knee |
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Term
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Definition
| Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Superior and inferior Gemelli, Quadratus Femoris, Obturator Externus |
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Term
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Definition
| -lies deep to sartorious; in groove btwn adductor longus and vastus medialis |
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Term
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Definition
| lies deep to sartorious; in groove btwn adductor longus and vastus medialis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A-flexes thigh, adducts thigh |
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Term
| Adductor Group, Pectineus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adducts, flexes thigh, flexes leg |
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Term
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Definition
O-external surface of obturator membrane
-runs lateral and posterior below hip joint then superiorly
I-trochanteric fossa
N-obturator
A-external rotation of the thigh |
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Term
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Definition
A-flexes hip, rotates thigh laterally, flexes knee
N-femoral |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| short head Biceps Femoris |
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Definition
| common peroneal part of sciatic |
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Term
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Definition
| head of fibula. lateral tibial condyle |
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Term
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Definition
| abduct the thigh; anterior fibers can internally rotate hip |
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Term
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Definition
| abducts thigh; anterior fibers can internally rotate hip |
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Term
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Definition
| extends thigh, flexes knee, and strongly laterally rotates leg and hip |
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Term
| Semitendinosus; Semimembranosus |
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Definition
| extends thigh, flexes knee, internally rotates leg and hip |
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Term
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Definition
from internal iliac a.
- exits gr. sciatic f. above piriformis |
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Term
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Definition
from internal iliac a
- exits gr. sciatic f. below piriformis |
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Term
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Definition
from internal iliac a
- exits gr. sciatic f. below piriformis |
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Term
| Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh |
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Definition
- below piriformis
- runs deep to deep fascia
- supplies cutaneous innervation to posterior thigh
-levels S1,2,3 |
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Term
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Definition
runs over the tips of the spinous processes
blends with interspinous ligament
in the cervical spine supraspinous is thick and deep – called ligamentum nuchae(only find in cervical) |
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Term
| Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
Only ligament that limit extension
runs between vertebral bodies anteriorly
crosses over intervertebral discs, limits extension
particularly dense in the lumbar region |
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Term
| Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
limits flexion
thin in lumbar region
Thins out, does not fully support the disc, you can get herniated disc
Goes to the skull but called something else |
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Term
|
Definition
Yellowish
strongest and most important of the above 3 ligaments
runs between laminae, limits flexion
one on each side, separated in the midline
laterally they blend with and attach to the synovial facet joint capsule(keep the capsule in place)
very elastic hence the yellow color |
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Term
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Definition
| upper extension of posterior longitudinal ligament that attaches to the occipital bone superior to foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
from sides of dens to edge on anterior aspect of
foramen magnum. Will restrict rotation.
Prevent excessive rotation |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Transverse part (aka transverse ligament of atlas)
attaches at both ends to the arch of the atlas (inner anterior surface), passing posterior to the dens.
Holds the dens against the anterior arch of atlas.
Prevent the dense to tip forward
2. Vertical portion runs from body of axis to occipital bone. |
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