Term
| BTW, Thank you for using my flashcards! |
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Definition
| I hope they help you study! |
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Term
| Describe the geography of ONLY THE LAND of Greece (ex. it was humid, dry, and rocky with no nearby rivers) |
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Definition
Greece was very rocky. There was no great river to live off, but Greece was a peninsula (like Florida) and had many natural harbors. Greece did have many minor rivers, but not like the Tigris or Nile or Euphrates. It had many islands and was very hilly.
BONUS: Mountains and hills cover 9/10 of the land in Greece |
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| Name the two largest islands in Greece. |
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Definition
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Term
What is a peninsula?
What is a harbor? |
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Definition
A peninsula is an area of land that juts out into the water and is surrounded on three sides by water.
A harbor is any sheltered place, but usually for ships and along the coast. |
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Term
| Why was timing for farming important in ancient Greece? |
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Definition
| Timing was important because if you planted too late, your crops would be flooded and if you planted to early, they would dry out. Unlike the Nile, the rivers in Greece were not as helpful as they could have been. |
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Term
| What method of transportation was most easy to use? Why would it be hard to travel any other way? |
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Definition
| Boats were the method of transportation that was the most efficient in ancient Greece because Greece was surrounded by water. It would be impractical to travel by land because you would not have access to Greece's many islands. |
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Term
| What was Greece's most in-demand export? What four types of food were the main exports of Greece? |
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Definition
| Olive oil was Greece's most in-demand export. The four types of food that were the main exports of Greece were olive oil, barley, wheat, and grapes. |
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Term
| Why would the Greeks use the Mediterranean Sea as a highway? |
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Definition
| Ancient Greeks used the Mediteranian as a highway to trade for good they could not produce themselves. |
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Term
| What is the difference among a polis, an agora, and an acropolis? |
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Definition
A polis is a city-state in ancient Greece.
An agora is the public square or marketplace of a city.
An acropolis is the highest part of an ancient Greek city, usually a palace or temple or the area around them. |
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BONUS CARD:
1. What major city-state developed on the island of Crete?
2. What major city-state developed on the island of Rhodes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the terrain of Greece shape its lifestyle? |
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Definition
| The sea effected life in ancient Greece because if Greece was a land-locked country, then the Greeks would not be able to trade/expand their empire in the same way. Also, the Greeks became avid and experienced sailors because they were on a peninsula. |
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Term
1. What two crops in ancient Greece gave the most "extra"?
2. What is this "extra" called?
3. Why was this "extra" helpful? |
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Definition
1. Grapes and olives
2. surplus
3. It allowed the Greeks to trade for items they did not have |
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Term
| List and define the three main types of governments in ancient Greece. |
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Definition
An oligarchy means a government ruled by the rich people of a country or other similar area.
A monarchy is a government in which one person (like a king or a queen or a pharaoh) is the supreme ruler.
A democracy is a government in which every citizen of an area has a say and a chance to participate in his or her government. |
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Definition
| A colony is a group of people that live away from a country, but are still ruled by it. |
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| What type of government is Athens known for? Define it. |
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Definition
Athens was known for their democracy.
A democracy is a government in which every citizen of an area has a say and a chance to participate in his or her government. |
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Term
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Definition
| Only rich, white, adult, male citizens could vote? |
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BONUS FLASH CARD!!!!
What was the legal "adult age" in Greece? (in the U.S.A., it is 18) |
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Definition
The legal "adult age" in Greece was the same as in the U.S.A.
Eighteen. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a navy and an army? |
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Definition
A navy fights on water.
An army fights on land. |
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Term
Name 2 Greek Olympic gods or goddesses (the ones that live on mMount Olympus - there are twelve)
BONUS: Name what they are god or goddess of |
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Definition
SECRET BONUS: Did you name two gods or goddesses besides Zeus and Athena?
Zeus - sky
Athena - strategic war and wisdom
Poseidon - sea
Hera - marriage
Hephaestus - blacksmiths
Demeter - harvest
Hades - underworld
Aphrodite - love
Apollo - sun and logic
Artemis - hunt
Ares - bloody war
Hermes - thieves and travelers (also messenger for the gods)
Dionysus - wine |
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Term
In 695 B.C. what kind of government did Athens have?
In 562 B.C. what kind of government did Athens have?
In 566 B.C. what kind of government did Athens have?
In 41 B.C. what kind of government did Athens have?
BONUS: In 13 B.C. what kind of government did Athens have? |
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Definition
In 695 B.C. Athens had a monarchy.
In 562 B.C. Athens had an oligarchy.
In 576 B.C. Athens had an oligarchy.
In 416 B.C. Athens had a democracy.
BONUS: In 13 B.C. Athens had a |
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Term
Who was Greece's largest city-state in 700 B.C.?
What did their boys learn at that time?
What was their stance on women's rights at that time? |
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Definition
Greece's largest city-state in 700 B.C. was Sparta.
Their boys learned to read and write, but also to become strong soldiers. In fact, most of their time was spent in the gymnasium or training somewhere else.
Their stance on women's rights was that women could not be soldiers, but that they should train to become strong mothers of strong children. |
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Term
What was Sparta's ratio of slaves to citizens at its greatest difference?
Did their way of life inspire a saying? If so, what is it? |
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Definition
Sparta's ratio of slaves to citizens at its greatest difference was 7 slaves for every person.
The Spartan way of life inspired a saying. The saying was "a Spartan lifestyle" meaning one without many or any luxuries. |
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Term
| Why did Sparta want to build their army? |
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Definition
| In 600 B.C., the slaves in Sparta. Although this was quieted down, it left the leaders of Sparta worried that someone would overthrow them. |
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Term
| In 500 B.C. what was the superpower of the world? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Greece's largest city-state in 40 A.D.? |
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Definition
| Greece had no large city-states in 40 A.D. - They were ruled by the Romans. |
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Term
Who was Greece's largest city-state in 400 B.C.?
What did their boys learn at that time?
What was their stance on women's rights at that time? |
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Definition
Greece's largest city-state in 400 B.C. was Athens.
Their boys learned, if they were rich enough, reading and writing, and sometimes public speaking. If they were not rich enough, they learned their father's trade.
Their stance on women's rights was that women should see little, hear little, and ask no more questions than they absolutely needed to. |
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Term
| What were the duties of women in 400 B.C. in Athens? |
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Definition
| Weaving, cooking, cleaning and other household jobs, and possibly helping with small jobs on the farm if they lived on one. |
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Term
| What was so great about Mount Olympus? |
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Definition
| That was where the Greek gods lived. |
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Term
| When (around) did Athens' golden age start? |
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Definition
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Definition
| An Athenian statesman. He strongly supported democracy and was the real "founding father" of democracy. |
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Term
| What did Pericles do so that it was easier for people to be on the jury? |
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Definition
| He made sure that they were paid. |
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Term
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Definition
| A temple sacred to Athena, on the acropolis at Athens. Built under order of Pericles between 447 B.C. and 432 B.C |
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Term
Who is Homer?
BONUS: When did he live? |
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Definition
Homer was a Greek poet and storyteller. He wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey and many other poems.
BONUS: Homer (we think) lived some time between 800 and 700 B.C. |
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Term
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Definition
A Greek philosopher in Athens.
BONUS: He was famous for his view of philosophy as a pursuit proper and necessary to all intelligent men |
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Term
BONUS: Make a line of four famous men that were in the textbook that were taught by the person before them. Start with Socrates.
Example:
G-d -> Moses -> Joshua |
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Definition
| Socrates -> Plato -> Aristotle -> Alexander The Great |
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Term
| Name four things happening in the agora of Athens during its golden age on any day. |
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Definition
1. Selling merchandise/ slaves
2. teaching/learning
3. debates
4. services offered
5. mingling of cultures
6. praying
7. building/other manual labor |
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Term
| What was Socrates sentenced to death for? |
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Definition
| "urging young people to revolt" |
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Term
What is an assembly?
What is a jury?
What is a philosophy? |
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Definition
Assembly - a group of people gathered together
Jury - a group of people chosen to judge the accused in court
Philosophy - the pursuit of the truths and principles of life |
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Term
What were the Peloponnesian Wars?
How long did they last? |
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Definition
They lasted from 431 to 404 B.C.
They were a fight in ancient Greece between Athens (Delian League) and Sparta (Peloponnesian League. In the end, Sparta ruined Athens, at least for a while. |
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Term
| What did the Delian League have in common with the Peloponnesian League? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League differ? (How were they different) |
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Definition
| Sparta headed the Peloponnesian League and Athens headed the Delian League. Also, the Delian League was made up of city-states from "mainland" Greece (between the Peloponnesian peninsula and Macedonia) whereas the Peloponnesian League was made up of city-states from the Peloponnesian peninsula. |
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Term
| Why would city-states want to be in a "league" like the Peloponnesian League or the Delian League? |
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Definition
| They were afraid of an attach by Persia, so they hid behind the large and powerful aries of Sparta and Athens. |
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Term
| Name two reasons why Athens fell to Sparta. |
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Definition
1. Athens had a strong navy, but the city was not on the water! So the army (which was strong but not as strong as the army) was not as good as Sparta's army.
2. Because Athens was so crowded, it was disease-prone and 1/3 of the population and army of Athens died from a deadly fever.
3. Sparta cut off Athen's grain supply. |
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Term
MULTIPLE CHOICE
For 50 years after the Peloponnesian Wars...
A. No one could have control of Athens
B. No city-state could have control
C. Sparta ruled Athens
D. Athens ruled Sparta
E. 1/3 of Athens had a fever
F. Sparta ruled the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League
G. Sparta ruled the Peloponnesian peninsula and Macedonia |
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Definition
"B"
For 50 years after the Peloponnesian Wars, no city-state could have control. |
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Term
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
What kind of teacher is war, according to Thucydides?
A. long
B. hard
C. easy
D. violent
E. bloody |
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Definition
"D"
War is a violent kind of teacher, according to Thucydides.
If you answered "E", that is okay too. |
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Term
In 400 B.C. if you were very rich and a boy, what could you study in school? What did you learn if you were middle-class?
BONUS: When did you start? |
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Definition
reading, writing, public speaking, math, science, memorization (usually of poems, especially of Homer), and philospohy. if you were middle-class, you only learned reading, writing, and memorization.
BONUS: You started at age seven |
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Term
| When did the Peloponnesian Wars end? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the king of Macedonia in 404 B.C.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the king of Macedonia in 336 B.C.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Phillip the 2nd unify? |
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Definition
| Upper and Lower Macedonia |
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Term
| What did Greece think of Macedonia? Name one reason why this was helpful. Name one reason why this was unhelpful. |
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Definition
| Greece thought of Macedonians as barbarians. This could be helpful because the Greeks would not expect a strong attack, thereby giving the Macedonians the element of surprise. This could be unhelpful because there was a chance that if the Macedonians succeeded in ruling over the Greeks, then the Greeks might not want the Macedonians as their leaders, and rebel. |
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Term
| How did Phillip II make alliances with the Greek polises? |
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Definition
| He threated, bribed, and charmed their leaders into submitting. |
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Term
In Athens and in Sparta:
a. Who had power?
b. Who did the work?
c. What type of education was valued? |
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Definition
ATHENS
a. All free men
b. The people who had that job and sometimes slaves
c. physical and mental
SPARTA
a. Upper classes
b. Slaves
c. military and physical |
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Term
| How are the Athenian democracy and the American democracy different? |
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Definition
| The democracy in Athens was not a full democracy. Only free rich white men could vote. In the U.S. this used to be true, but now any citizen can vote. Also, in the American democracy, people vote for others to represent them. In the Athenian democracy, one man's vote counted as one point stacked up for an idea or candidate. |
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Term
BONUS:
In Athens and in Sparta:
a. What age did you have to be to be in the council?
b. Who judged the accused in court?
c. What league did the polis head? |
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Definition
ATHENS
a. 30
b. the jury, selected, from a pool
c. Delian league
SPARTA
a. 60
b. kings
c. Peloponnesian league |
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Term
In Athens and in Sparta:
a. Where was the city located?
b. What part of they military was strongest? |
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Definition
ATHENS
a. Outer Mainland
b. navy (sea)
SPARTA
a. Peloponnesus
b. Army (land) |
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Term
| Were the Greek polises (more than one polis) united? If so, what helped them to be united? If not, what stopped them from being united? |
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Definition
| No, because they were jealous of one aother. They fought often. Another reason why the Greek polises were not united is because they felt like the others were a threat in one way or another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paris - youngest son of King Priam of Troy, seducer of Helen, most handsome mortal in the time of the Trojan War |
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Term
Who was Helen?
What saying was and is used to describe her? |
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Definition
Helen - most beautiful mortal in the world at the time of the Trojan War, wife of Menelaus, Queen Of Sparta, lover and bride of Paris
"The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships" |
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Term
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Definition
| king of Sparta, husband of Helen, brother of Agamemnon |
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Term
| How were Agamemnon and Menelaus related? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
God Of The Sky
(if you said god of lightning, you got this wrong. if you said ruler of the gods or god of storms, you still got this wrong.) |
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Term
| What is the story of the Trojan War? |
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Definition
Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena were having an argument about who was the most beautiful. Zeus asked Paris to judge them. Hera offered Paris marriage to the most beautiful woman in the mortal world. Aphrodite offered Paris the love of the most beautiful woman in the world. But Athena offered Paris the rule of Asia and Europe. In the end, Paris chose Aphrodite. Paris traveled to Sparta to kidnap Helen. While Menelaus was on a hunting trip, Paris and Helen went to Sparta (some sources say they ran away together, others say he took her by force).
When Menelaus heard what happened, he begged his big brother Agamemnon to take revenge. The king sends envoys to Troy to demand Helen's restitution as Queen of Sparta but the envoys come back with empty hands. Then Menelaus collects an army of all the men that swore in the blood of the horse.
The Greeks sailed to Aulis but then they were unable to sail because Agamemnon had offended Artemis and his most beatiful douther had to be sacrificed to change their fortune.
After sacrification of Iphigenia, the army reached Troy with minor problems and then the war started. The Trojans also had allies from several places in Asia Minor. The war lasted for 10 years. |
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Term
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Definition
Goddess Of Wisdom, the Arts, Industry, Justice, and Skil
Patron god of Athens
Favorite Child Of Zeus |
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Term
| BONUS: What is the story of who got to be the patron of Athens? |
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Definition
| Athena and her uncle Poseidon were both very fond of a certain city in Greece. Both of them claimed the city and it was decided that the one that could give the finest gift should have it. Leading a procession of citizens, the two gods mounted the Acropolis. Poseidon struck the side of the cliff with his trident and a spring welled up. The people marveled, but the water was as salty as Poseidon's sea and it was not very useful. Athena's gift was an olive tree, which was better because it gave the people food, oil and wood. Athena named her city Athens. |
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Term
What about the part with all the heroes in the Trojan War?
(Ajax, Hector, Paris, Achilles) |
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Definition
Hector fell in a single combat with Achilles, the best Greek warrior. Archilles, out of respect, sacrificed twelve noble Trojan captives over Hector's funeral pyre.
Paris threw a spear and it hit Archilles in his heel,the only place where Archilles was vulnerable. Achilles was burned and his ashes buried on a headland overlooking the Hellespont.
Ajax commited suicide with the sword which had been given to him by Hector as a mark of respect. (Ironic)
Paris was killed, as were all the men in Troy, when the Greeks jumped out of the wooden horse. |
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Term
| What is the importance of Socrates? |
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Definition
| Socrates asked questions with no correct answers, like "What is wisdom?" and "What is the difference between right and wrong?". He thought about the world in a whole new way.' |
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Term
| What is the importance of Plato? |
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Definition
| He wrote down what Socrates said. Plato also thought a lot about the natural world and how it works. He thought that everything had a sort of ideal form, like you know what you want your picture to look like, but when it comes out, it doesn't look like it did in your head. |
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Term
| What is the importance of Aristotle? |
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Definition
| He was the teacher of Alexander the Great. He was also more interested in science than Plato or Socrates. Aristotle is the father of today's scientific method. Aristotle was especially interested in classifying plants and animals in a way that would make sense. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first of the three main philosophers of Athens. |
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Term
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Definition
| The second of the three main philosophers of Athens. |
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Term
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Definition
| The third of the three main philosophers of Athens. |
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Term
| What is the original meaning of "museum"? |
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Definition
| A place where scholors studied the world and how it worked |
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Term
| Define western civilization. |
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Definition
| technically, it is all of the civilization in the western hemisphere, but it is really the civilizations derived from greece. From greece to rome, and now in europe and the u.s.a. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hellenism was the cultural and philosophical perspective which spread from Greece through most of the ancient world from the year 333 BCE (the time of Alexander the Great) through 63 BCE (when Rome came to dominate) |
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Term
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Definition
| The group of nations that have been collected under the rule of one country. |
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Term
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Definition
| a rent, tax, or the like, as that paid by a subject to a superior |
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Term
| When did the end of the Greek dominance come? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define gymnasium (in the context of ancient greece) |
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Definition
| a place where Greek youths met for exercise and discussion |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary banishment of a citizen, decided upon by popular vote |
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Term
Define tyrant:
1. nowadays
2. in ancient greece |
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Definition
1. someone who misuses power
2. a unquestioned ruler |
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Term
| What last effort of the Greeks allowed them to win the Trojan War? |
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Definition
| In the last days of Troy, a wooden horse was built to gain access to the city. Well-armed men, among them Odysseus of Ithaca and Menelaus himself, were hidden in it. Then the Greeks burned their camps and sailed away (but really behind a nearby island) as if they had given up. Trojans found a tied-up Greek, the horse and the ashes of the camps. The man said that the Greeks had given up and that the horse was left as a sacrifice to Athena for a safe trip home. The man said that he had supposed to have been a sacrifice too, but he ran away. The Trojan feasted and partied at their victory and pulled the horse into the city. During the night, when everyone was drunk and/or sleeping, the Greek soldiers jumped down from inside the horse and killed all the Trojans. |
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Term
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Definition
| the branch of government having the power to make and change laws |
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Term
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Definition
| the pursuit of the knowledge of truths, especially of right and wrong |
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Term
| define the olympic games in ancient greece |
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Definition
| A festival in ancient Greece consisting of athletic games and contests of poetry and dance, held on the plain of Olympia in honor of the god Zeus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the worshipping of many gods |
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Term
What type of religion did the ancient Athenians have?
a. democracy
b. polytheism
c. oligarchy
d. monarchy
e. molytheism
f. polygarchy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a set of stories, traditions, or beliefs associated with a particular group |
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Term
| what does Darius III have to do with the story of Greece? |
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Definition
| he was the last Persian king, the one conquered by Alexander the Great |
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Term
| What did the Jews call Xerxes? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does Xerxes have to do with the story of Greece? |
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Definition
| he fought the Greeks at Thermopylae during the Persian Wars |
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Term
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Definition
| king of Mycenae, brother of Menelaus, murdered by his wife and his cousin |
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Term
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Definition
1. the first speakers of the Greek language
2.
3.
4.
5. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. king of Ithaca
2. main character in the the Oddessey |
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Term
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Definition
| The Iliad tells the story of an argument between Agamemnon and Achilles over a slave, as well as the fight between Achilles and Hector, and Priam going to Achilles to ask for the body of Hector. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Odyssey tells the story of the 10-year-trip back home to Ithaca of King Odysseus and all of his troubles along the way |
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Term
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Definition
| Homer was a poet in ancient Greece. He wrote the Iliad and the Oddessey. |
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Term
| What did the Greeks think about people and gods? |
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Definition
1. people can be like gods (they can develop their bodies to look perfect)
2. gods can be like people (they can get hurt, have favorites, and make mistakes) |
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Term
| How did the Greeks change the way people thought about government? |
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Definition
| Before, people thought that monarchy was the only type of government that would work, but the Greeks showed them new types of government that also worked. |
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Term
| What is the importance of the Greek alphabet? |
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Definition
| It laid the base for our alphabet |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Greek theater? |
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Definition
1. To entertain
2. to provide jobs
3. to express opinions
4. to get word out about new things (like a ruler)
5. to tell and retell stories and history |
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Term
| When did the Persian Wars start? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the most important battle in the Persian Wars? |
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Definition
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Term
| BONUS: when was the battle of Thermopolaye? |
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Definition
480 B.C.
It was a battle fought at the pass of Thermopylae . In the battle, the Greeks tried unsuccessfully to defend the pass against the Persians led by Xerxes. |
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Term
| What happened following the Persian Wars? |
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Definition
| The Delian League and Peloponnesian League were formed |
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Term
| Who led the Greeks in the Persian Wars, and who's navy did they (mainly) use? |
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Definition
| Sparta led, using Athens' navy |
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Definition
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