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| Minoan civilization reaches its height on Crete (Knossos) |
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| Mycenaean civilization reaches its height in mainland Greece |
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| Presumed date of the Trojan War |
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| Archaic Period in Greece: emergence of city-states, including Athens |
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| Presumed date of the first Olympic games |
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| Homeric composition of Iliad and Odyssey |
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| Hesiod composes his Theogony, Works and Days, and other poems |
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| The law-giver Solon in Athens |
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| Thales founded a school of philosophy in Miletus |
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| The tyrant Peisistratus in Athens: festivals, temples flourish |
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| Athens drives out the last tyrant - establishment of democracy |
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| War between Athens and Persia |
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| Classical Period in Greece |
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| Athens' Golden Age: Greek drama, The Parthenon built under Pericles |
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| Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta |
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| Socrates condemned to death for impiety and corrupting the youth. His teachings survive in the works of his student, Plato |
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| Rule of Alexander the Great |
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| Hellenistic Period in Greece |
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| The Greek city-states become part of the Roman Empire |
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| Traditional date of the founding of Rome by Romulus, its 1st king |
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| Monarchy in Rome, including Numa Pompilius |
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| The tyrant Tarquin the Proud exiled from Rome: beginning the Republic |
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| Early Republic/Middle Republic with expansion to Italy and beyond |
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| battle of Actium: Augustus becomes Rome's first emperor (Empire) |
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| Augustus holds the Saecular Games |
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| Augustus becomes Pontifex Maximus |
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| Paul's missionary journeys ending in his martyrdom |
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| Christians blamed for fire in Rome by the Emperor Nero |
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| Fall of Jerusalem: end of the Temple, Judaea becomes part of the Roman Empire |
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| Apuleius writes Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass) referring to a conversion to Isis |
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| Christians occasionally persecuted in the Roman Empire |
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| First large-scale persecution of Christians under the emperor Decius |
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| The emperor Diocletian orders burning of Christian books and churches |
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| Battle of the Milvian Bridge: Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity |
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| the so-called Edict of Milan establishes official toleration of Christianity |
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| Council of Nicea: Nicene Creed |
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| The first list including all 27 books of the New Testament |
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| The bishop and writer Augustine active as a Christian |
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| The fall of the Western Roman Empire |
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