Term
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Definition
- means taking the same letters from Greek language word to another and slightly changing the meaning
- Romans took Greek words into their own language and changed them to fit their alphabet
- Romans took names and simplified: Akhileus= Achilles, Herkales= Hercules, Odysseus=Ulysses
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Term
| Written Sources: Literature, Inscriptions, Papyri |
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Definition
- We get fragments of Ancient Literature
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Term
| Archeological Sources: Buildings, Artifacts, Images |
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Definition
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Term
| Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea |
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Definition
- Mediterranean Sea- Greeks had huge cities all around the Mediterranean(colonization)
- Aegean Sea- located where 3 continents meet
- Black Sea- Colonized all up into the Black Sea
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Term
| Regions of Greece:Macedon, Thessaly, Peloponnese, Ionia, Crete |
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Definition
- Macedon ->Macedonia
- Thesssaly -> Large Fertile Plain
- Crete -> Largest Island
- Peloponnese
- Ionia
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Term
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Definition
- African plate moves north, volcanic activity
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Term
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Definition
- hot and dry
- climate influence of Sahara
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Term
| Fragmentation of Culture: Mountains and Sea, Settlements near fertile plains, small scale States |
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Definition
- Mountains and Sea ->Natural Border
- Settlement near fertile Plains
- small scale States
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Term
| Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods |
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Definition
- (ca 6500 BC)
- nomadic hunter gatherers
- seasonal habitation->Franchthi cave
- developing religion-> burial rituals
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Doric, Ionic, Aeolic Dialects
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Term
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Definition
- Agricultural Revolution
- Permanent Settlement
- Advanced Civilization: urban centre, cheiftains
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Term
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Definition
- located on Cycladic Islands
- kyklos-> seafaring
- islands not fertile
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Term
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Definition
- found by Sir Arthur Evans 1900 AD
- palaces are the centre of Minoan cities
- Seal stones belonged to men of higher power
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Term
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Definition
- Largest minoan building
- always oriented to face sacred sanctuaries
- west side of palace= lined with storage magazines
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Term
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Definition
- ca.2900-1150 BC
- became the Indo- Europeans ca. 3500BC
- 2100 BC- Greek language begins
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Term
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Definition
- open to foreign influence and blending of mainland culture
- less technologically advanced than Minoans
- Mycanae look over the plain of argos
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Term
| What happened in Greece? Theories |
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Definition
- intercine warfare
- Marxist revolution
- foreign invasion
- natural catastrophe
- climate change
- systems collapse(bronze supply)
- "weight of empire" theory
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Term
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Definition
- collapse of culture-> 75% drop in population
- Patriarchal society(bigman=oikos/megaron)
- Invention of the alphabet-> taken from Phonecians
- termoil in Mediterranean->disruption of Iron Supply
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Term
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Definition
- "arche"= beginning
- revival of culture
- "Polis"= city state, "politikos"= pertaining to the city state
- Every sity state had an acropolis-> ultimate defensible refuge
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Term
| Types of Government in the Polis |
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Definition
- monarchy-> basileus or tyrannos
- oligarchy->aristocracy or a plutocracy
- democracy
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Term
| Great Period of Colonization |
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Definition
- metropolis-> mother city; city that sends out colony
- colonies often take on political systems/beliefs etc from mother city
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Term
| Hellenes and Panhellenism |
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Definition
- greater recognition of culture
- Hellenism-> all greeks share some cultural features
- Olympic Games( 776 BC)->festival of religious expression
- had the Greeks not recognized their common bonds they could not have united and defended themselves against Persian invasion
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Term
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Definition
- made up of 5 villages; never urbanized
- spartiates(full citizens), periokoi( conquered people), helots(publicly owned slaves)
- ultra- militaristic state
- valley of SParta is a natural blockade
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Term
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Definition
- first ever public education system
- pay for education of every full Spartan citizen
- males undergo the agoge system
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Term
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Definition
- only city state to educate women at public expense
- given the same rations of food as men
- allowed to marry at an older age (18)
- practice athletics in the nude
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Term
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Definition
- Duarchy->2 equal kings(magistrates)-> created as an attempt to control power of each king
- Gerousia-> "elders" (council)->ultimate court in Sparta
- Apella-> the summoning (assembly)-> listen to and propose legislation
- Ephors-> "overseers" (magistrates)-> 5 Ephors elected every year after term can never be elected again
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Term
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Definition
- Conservatism-> respect for ancstral custom
- Communism-> public goods
- Personal qualities-> self control, endurance
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Term
| Changes in Government (Athens) |
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Definition
- Monarchy before archaic Period
- Aristocracy-> Eupatrids(people of noble fathers)
- Archons-> "rulers" (magistrate)->share powers of a king
- Areopagos->"hill of Ares"(council)->Prepare legislation
- Ekklesia" the calling out"(assembly)->only wealthiest(20%) are allowed to attend
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Term
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Definition
- Aristocratic Rivalry->every aristocrat wants to dominate the state
- rise of merchant class-> colonization creates merchant class; wealthy by trade but have no power
- Unrest of the poor-> shut out of all politics
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Term
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Definition
- creates a consistent code of law for all of Attica
- primarily portects the interest of aristocrats
- property has a higher value than life-> stealing punishible by death
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Term
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Definition
- economic reforms-> cancels all debts in Athens; 1 time only
- Political-> establishes a plutocracy
- Judicial->the Heliaia( court, trial by jury; can now appeal any decision made by magistrate)
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Term
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Definition
- 546-510 BC
- ruled by peisistratos
- period of peace and prosperity
- rule later given to his son Hippuas who is eventually expelled out of Athens
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Term
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Definition
- Purpose: break the power of aristocrats
- Divides Attica into 3 basic regions: the City, the Inland, the Coastline
- subdivides each region into 10 districts
- results in democracy
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