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| The Aegean basin in the Mediterranean Sea |
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| What type of landform is Greece? |
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| Land surrounded on 3 sides by water |
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| How did geopgraphy impact Greece's economic development |
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*Limited arable land - had to colonize
*Facilitated commerce and spread of Hellenic (Greek) culture
*Shift from barter to money economy (coins) |
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| How did the Greeks solve the problem of limited arable land? |
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| How did the Greeks spread their culture |
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| How did mountainous terrain impact development of Greek city-states? |
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| Developed independently because they were isolated - no united Greek empire |
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| Where Greeks monotheistic or polytheistic? |
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| Greeks used mythology to explain: |
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*Natural phenomena (nature, weather, natural disasters)
*Human qualities (why people are the way they are)
*Life events (births, death, sickness) |
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*King/Father of Gods
*God of Thunder and Lightning |
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*Goddess of Wisdom, War, and Crafts
*Patron goddess of Athens |
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*Goddess of the Hunt and Wild
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| *Goddess of Love and Beauty |
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| Order of governments in Athens: |
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Definition
M-O-T-D
*Monarchy
*Oligarchy
*Tyranny
*Democracy |
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| Athens was the first to have what type of government? |
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| What type of democracy did Athens have? |
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Definition
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| Who could be a citizen in the Greek city-state? |
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| Rights and responsibilities of Greek citizens |
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| Had political rights (voting) and the responsibility of civic participation in government, serving in military, and paying taxes |
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| Who had no rights in Greek city-states? |
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Definition
| Women, slaves, foreigners (non-Greeks) |
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| Rule by a king or queen (usually hereditary) |
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| Rule by a small group - usually wealthy landowners |
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| Rule by one person with absolute power (tyrant) - usually military |
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| Who were the Athenian tyrants who workd for reform? |
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| Each citizen had a direct vote in every issue |
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| Origins of democratic principles in Athens: |
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| Direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen |
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| Characteristics of Athens: |
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Definition
*Economy based on trade
*Cultural center
*Emphasized art, education, architecture
*First democracy |
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| Characteristics of Sparta: |
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Definition
*Economy based on farming
*Focused on military and war
*Militaristic and aggressive
*Ruled by an oligarchy
*Rigid social structure |
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| What was the government of Sparta? |
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Definition
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| What did Sparta focus on? |
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| Who were the adversaries in the Persian Wars? |
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Definition
| Greece vs. Persian Empire |
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| When did the Persian Wars occur? |
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Definition
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| Why were the Persian Wars important to the development of Greek culture? |
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Definition
*Preserved their political independence
*Athenian victory left them in control of Aegean Sea
*A strong Athens continued innovations in government and culture following the war ("Golden Age of Athens") |
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| The Persian Wars united which two Greek city-states? |
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| Persian Wars - Athenian victory |
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| Sparta loss, but strategic victory - held Persians off long enough to allow Athens to be evacuated and Greeks to set up defenses somewhere else |
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| Naval battle - Athenian victory |
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| Who won the Persian Wars? |
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| Greece - Athens and Sparta |
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| Alliance formed by Athens following the Persian War |
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| Alliance formed by Sparta to counter Athens' Delian League |
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| What caused the Peloponnesian War? |
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| Competition between Athens and Sparta over control of the Greek world |
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| When did the Peloponnesian War occur? |
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| Who won the Peloponnesian War? |
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| Sparta - Peloponnesian League |
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| What effects did the Peloponnesian War have on Greece? |
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Definition
*Slowed Greek cultural advance
*Weakened Greek political power
*Left Greece vulnerable to invasion |
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| When did the "Golden Age of Athens" occur? |
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Definition
| Between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars |
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| Whose leadership was important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture during the "Golden Age of Athens" |
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| How did Pericles extend democracy |
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| Gave most adult males equal voice in government/politics |
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| Who rebuilt Athens after its destruction in the Persian Wars? |
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| What temple is an example of Pericles' reconstruction following the Persian Wars? |
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| Parthenon - temple in Athens dedicated to Athena |
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| Greek contributions to Drama |
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| Father of Greek Drama (Theater) |
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| Greek contributions to poetry |
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| Homer's Iliad and Odyssey |
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| Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey about the Trojan War |
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| Greek contributions to history |
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| Greek historian (wrote about Persian Wars) - Father of History |
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| Greek contributions to sculpture |
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| Greek sculptor, known for Athena statues in Parthenon |
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| Greek contributions to architecture |
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| Columns: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian |
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| Greek contributions to science |
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| Greek scientist who worked with levers and pulleys |
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| Greek doctor - Father of Medicine |
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| Greek contributions to mathematics |
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| Greek mathematician - Father of Geometry |
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| Greek mathematician - Pythagorean Theorm (sides of a triangle) |
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| Greek contributions to philosophy |
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| Socrates, Plato, Aristotle |
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| Greek philosopher - said "Know thyself", questioned everything |
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| Greek philosopher - student of Socrates, wrote The Republic, started the Academy |
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| Greek philosopher - student of Plato, tutor for Alexander the Great, studied and wrote books on every subject |
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| How was Philliip II, King of Macedon, able to conquer Greece? |
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Definition
| The Greeks were weak and vulnerable after the Peloponnesian War |
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Term
| How far did the empire of Alexander the Great extend? |
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Definition
| From Greece to Egypt and the Indus River |
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| What culture did Alexander spread as he conquered his vast empire? |
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*Blend of Greek and oriental cultures throughout Alexander the Great's empire
*Spread through trade |
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| How was Hellenistic culture spread? |
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