Term
|
Definition
| While many waited for government, some people took action. After WWI, government agreeded to ay veterans a "bonus" or extra money. In 1932, jobless veterans from all over came to get there bonus right away. The Bonus Army camped in Washington for months and The House agreeded to give them the bonus but it was rejected by Senate. They were eventually forced out by tanks and military |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During his years in office, FDR gave 30 radio speeches. He called them fireside chats because he sat by a big fireplace in the White House when he gave them. Families gathered around to listen and hear comforted for the problems they were facing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many of the homeless and jobless moved from one town to another looking for work. In cities around the country, the homeless built shacks out of woen crates and scraps of metal. These were called Hoovervilles because many blamed Hoover for the Great Depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Before taking offic, FDR seeked advice on how to stop the depression. He organized a group of college professors on many subjects. This group was called the Brain Trust that helped him plan new programs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between March9 and June 16, FDR sent manybills to congress. Congress passed many of them in this Hundred day period. The bills covered a range of programs frjob relief to planng economic recovery. Together they made up FDR's New Deal. They had 3 main goals. Relief for unemployed, plans for reocvery, and reforms to prevent another depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Despite the Wagner Act, employers still tried to stop workers from joining unions. Workers used sitdown strikes in order for the employers to recognize their unions. In a sitdown strike, workers would stop working machines, and equipment/ cars/ until they were aloud to be in a union |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Right after taking office, FDR issued a "bank holiday" and he closed very bank in America. He then asked Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act. The act let government choose which banks to open. Only healthy banks could reopen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Since the 1930's, the New Deal has created much debate. The major concern has been the increase of power in government. Another is that the government spent more than it took inon taxes. This is deficit spending. It meant a large increase in the national debt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During his frist term, many of FDR's laws were turned down by the Supreme Court. FDR was afraid that the court would over turn new deal programs. He won the second term by a large amount to show people favored for him. Soon after he asked Congress to redesign the courts and instead of 9 Supreme Court justices, he wanted there to be 15. He could then choose 6 new justices for his programs. He lost the battle in one way because Americans saw it as a greed for power and to tear the Constituition apart. At the same time, one justice who voted no for FDR's plans changed his views and one justice retired.During office he chose 9 new justices, the most any president has chosen since George Washington. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The GD was in the decade of the 1930's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Became President in 1929 and he firmly believed hat the nation would proper. He believed that America would finally sink out of any poverty (GD not started yet). Many blamed Hoover for the depression and many cities were called Hoovervilles |
|
|
Term
| Father Coughlin/ Francis Townsend |
|
Definition
| Townsend was a reitred doctor of California. He said the government did not do enough. He wanted government to pay any one over 60 a pension of $200 a month. They would have to retire there for opening jobs. Another critic was FC, a catholic preist. He was known as the radio preist because every week he spoke to 10m people. He said FDR didnt do enough to fight against banking and money intrests. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FDR also had plans to help workers. In 1935 Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act or Wagner Act. The act protected workers from bad managment or from being fired for being in a union. It also guarnteed workers to collective bargaining. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process where a union representing a group of workers negotitates with management for a contract. Workers have been fighting for this since the 1800's. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elderly people were the hardest hit element. Old people were not going to get hired for jobs. They lost everything when the banks crashed. FDR came up with a safety net. The moment you start working government requires that you set aside part of the check for retirement. Aints got no choice. You put in money from your entire work life. Pensions. Younger people didnt plan for old age so SSA saved elderly and young people. |
|
|
Term
| Causes of the Great Depression |
|
Definition
A major cause of the Great Depression was over production. American farms and factories produced more then the people could buy. Wages didnt rise alot in the 1920's so workers could not afford to buy. As orders for goods fell factories closed.
Another cause was the bank system failure. In the 1920's banks lent out huge loans to stockbrokers and when the stockmarket crashed brokers could not repay the loans. Without the payments banks could not pay depositers back. Many people lost there life over night.
Black Tuesday was a major cause of the depression. When the sotckmarket opened on Tuesday, October 29,1929, many shares were sold making everything worthless. In a matter of hours millionaires became poor. The stock market had crashed. |
|
|
